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Freedom Of The Press In The Kingdom Of Italy
In Italy, freedom of press is guaranteed by the Constitution of 1948. This freedom was specifically established in response to the Censorship in Italy which occurred during the fascist regime of Benito Mussolini (1922–1945). Censorship continues to be an issue of debate in the modern era. Censorship in Italy under Fascism (1922–1943) Censorship in Italy was not created with Fascism, nor did it end with it, but it had a heavy influence in the life of Italians under the Regime. The main goals of censorship under fascism were, concisely: *Control over the public appearance of the regime, also obtained with the deletion of any content that could allow opposition, suspicions, or doubts about fascism. *Constant check of the public opinion as a measure of consensus. *Creation of national and local archives (''schedatura'') in which each citizen was filed and classified depending on their ideas, habits, relationship and any shameful acts or situations which had arisen; in this wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Constitution
The Constitution of the Italian Republic ( it, Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana) was enacted by the Constituent Assembly on 22 December 1947, with 453 votes in favour and 62 against. The text, which has since been amended sixteen times, was promulgated in an extraordinary edition of Gazzetta Ufficiale on 27 December 1947. The Constituent Assembly was elected by universal suffrage on 2 June 1946, on the same day as the referendum on the abolition of the monarchy was held, and it was formed by the representatives of all the anti-fascist forces that contributed to the defeat of Nazi and Fascist forces during the Italian Civil War. The election was held in all Italian provinces. The Constitution was drafted in 1946 and came into force on 1 January 1948, one century after the Constitution of the Kingdom of Italy, the Statuto Albertino, had been enacted. Constituent Assembly Piero Calamandrei, a professor of law, an authority on civil procedure, spoke in 1955 about World Wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sardinia
Sardinia ( ; it, Sardegna, label=Italian, Corsican and Tabarchino ; sc, Sardigna , sdc, Sardhigna; french: Sardaigne; sdn, Saldigna; ca, Sardenya, label=Algherese and Catalan) is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, and one of the 20 regions of Italy. It is located west of the Italian Peninsula, north of Tunisia and immediately south of the French island of Corsica. It is one of the five Italian regions with some degree of domestic autonomy being granted by a special statute. Its official name, Autonomous Region of Sardinia, is bilingual in Italian and Sardinian: / . It is divided into four provinces and a metropolitan city. The capital of the region of Sardinia — and its largest city — is Cagliari. Sardinia's indigenous language and Algherese Catalan are referred to by both the regional and national law as two of Italy's twelve officially recognized linguistic minorities, albeit gravely endangered, while the regional law provides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silvio Berlusconi
Silvio Berlusconi ( ; ; born 29 September 1936) is an Italian media tycoon and politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy in four governments from 1994 to 1995, 2001 to 2006 and 2008 to 2011. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1994 to 2013, and has served as a member of the Senate of the Republic since 2022, and previously from March to November 2013, and as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since 2019, and previously from 1999 to 2001. Berlusconi is the controlling shareholder of Mediaset and owned the Italian football club A.C. Milan from 1986 to 2017. He is nicknamed ''Il Cavaliere'' (The Knight) for his Order of Merit for Labour; he voluntarily resigned from this order in March 2014. In 2018, ''Forbes'' ranked him as the 190th richest man in the world with a net worth of US$8 billion. In 2009, ''Forbes'' ranked him 12th in the list of the World's Most Powerful People due to his domination of Italian politics throughout more than twenty ye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Videocracy (film)
''Videocracy'' is a 2009 documentary film directed by Swedish-Italian Erik Gandini about Italian television and its impact on Italian culture and politics, and about Silvio Berlusconi's powerful position on all of these. Gandini coined the phrase "The Evilness of Banality" to describe the cultural phenomenon of Berlusconism, thus making a word play on Hannah Arendt's "Banality of Evil". Soon after its theatrical premiere in Sweden, the film was shown at the 66th Venice International Film Festival where it gained massive attention. The trailer for the film has been banned by most Italian television broadcasters. ''Videocracy'' uses the theme song for Silvio Berlusconi's presidential campaign, and now party theme, ''Meno male che Silvio c'è!'' (loosely translated: Thank God for Silvio!). When first hearing it the film's director Erik Gandini thought it was satire. ''Videocracy'' has won awards at the Toronto International Film Festival, Sheffield Doc/Fest, the Golden Graal awards ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Punto Informatico
''Punto Informatico'' (literally "''Informatic point''", pun for "''Informative place''") is an Italian online newspaper. Description Founded in 1995 and established in 1996, it has been the first Italian daily newspaper published online and one of the most read and influential in Italy.AlexaPunto Informatico Alexa stat With 1.1 millions of reader per month, the online edition was the third most widely read in Italy as of June 2008, after La Repubblica, Corriere della Sera and La Stampa. It has a front page and several specific section dedicated to different topics such as "topicality", "technology", "law", "business" and "security". It has also been defined a "source for legal information", because of its interest to legal related topics and expert writers. Punto Informatico was nominated twice for the Ischia International Journalism Award, in 2009 and 2010. People Editorial staff *Massimo Sesti (owner, from 2010) *Andrea De Andreis (owner, 1995/2010) *Massimo Mattone (editor- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bookmaker
A bookmaker, bookie, or turf accountant is an organization or a person that accepts and pays off bets on sporting and other events at agreed-upon odds. History The first bookmaker, Ogden, stood at Newmarket in 1795. Range of events Bookmakers in many countries focus on accepting bets on professional sports, especially horse racing and association football or Indian Premier League cricket. However, a wider range of bets, including on political elections, awards ceremonies such as the Oscars, and novelty bets are accepted by bookmakers in some countries. Operational procedures By "adjusting the odds" in their favour (paying out amounts using odds that are less than what they determined to be the true odds) or by having a point spread, bookmakers aim to guarantee a profit by achieving a 'balanced book', either by getting an equal number of bets for each possible outcome or (when they are offering odds) by getting the amounts wagered on each outcome to reflect the odds. W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Embargo
Economic sanctions are commercial and financial penalties applied by one or more countries against a targeted self-governing state, group, or individual. Economic sanctions are not necessarily imposed because of economic circumstances—they may also be imposed for a variety of political, military, and social issues. Economic sanctions can be used for achieving domestic and international purposes. The efficacy of sanctions is debatable—there are many failures—and sanctions can have unintended consequences. Economic sanctions may include various forms of trade barriers, tariffs, and restrictions on financial transactions. Since the mid-1990s, United Nations Security Council (UNSC) sanctions have tended to target individuals and entities, in contrast to the comprehensive embargoes of earlier decades. An embargo is similar, but usually implies a more severe sanction. An embargo (from the Spanish ''embargo'', meaning hindrance, obstruction, etc. in a general sense, a tradi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taylor Nelson Sofres
Kantar TNS is a global market research and market information group with offices in over 80 countries. Formerly listed on the London Stock Exchange and a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index, the firm was acquired by WPP Group for £1.6 billion in October 2008, when it became part of WPP's Kantar Group. In April 2019, Kantar announced that it was unifying all its legacy brands (including Kantar TNS) and consolidating all services and offerings under the Kantar brand name. History The history of TNS as a market research company began in 1946 with the establishment of National Family Opinion (NFO) in the United States.- A History of Success Delivering Market Research & Insight ; TNS Global online; accessed March 2019 Since then, various |
News Programme
News broadcasting is the medium of broadcasting various news events and other information via television, radio, or the internet in the field of broadcast journalism. The content is usually either video production, produced local programming, locally in a radio studio or television studio newsroom, or by a broadcast network. It may include material such as sports coverage, Weather forecasting, weather forecasts, Traffic reporting, traffic reports, Political criticism, political commentary, expert opinions, editorial content, and other material that the broadcaster feels is relevant to their audience. An individual news program is typically reported in a series of individual stories that are presented by one or more News presenter, anchors. A frequent inclusion is live or recorded interviews by field Journalist, reporters. Structure, content, and style Television Television news programs inform and discuss current events via the medium of television. A "news bulletin" or a " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Politics
Politics (from , ) is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that studies politics and government is referred to as political science. It may be used positively in the context of a "political solution" which is compromising and nonviolent, or descriptively as "the art or science of government", but also often carries a negative connotation.. The concept has been defined in various ways, and different approaches have fundamentally differing views on whether it should be used extensively or limitedly, empirically or normatively, and on whether conflict or co-operation is more essential to it. A variety of methods are deployed in politics, which include promoting one's own political views among people, negotiation with other political subjects, making laws, and exercising internal and external force, including wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Media Of Italy
Mass media in Italy includes a variety of online, print, and broadcast formats, such as radio, television, newspapers, and magazines. History The governmental Ministry of Communications formed in 1924. "The legalization of local, independent broadcasting stations in 1976 radically changed the media landscape." Magazines Newspapers Among the most widely read national newspapers in Italy are ''Corriere della Sera'', ''Corriere dello Sport – Stadio'', ''La Gazzetta dello Sport'', '' Il Giorno'', ''la Repubblica'', and ''La Stampa''. "Local and regional papers are particularly vital in Italy." Books Radio Television See also * Cinema of Italy * Internet in Italy * Telecommunications in Italy * Italian literature * Censorship in Italy * Open access in Italy to scholarly communication References Bibliography * * * External links * {{Europe topic, Media of Italy Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Guardian
''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'', and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers ''The Observer'' and ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the Guardian Media Group, owned by the Scott Trust. The trust was created in 1936 to "secure the financial and editorial independence of ''The Guardian'' in perpetuity and to safeguard the journalistic freedom and liberal values of ''The Guardian'' free from commercial or political interference". The trust was converted into a limited company in 2008, with a constitution written so as to maintain for ''The Guardian'' the same protections as were built into the structure of the Scott Trust by its creators. Profits are reinvested in journalism rather than distributed to owners or shareholders. It is considered a newspaper of record in the UK. The editor-in-chief Katharine Viner succeeded Alan Rusbridger in 2015. Since 2018, the paper's main news ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
