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François-Louis De Brach
François-Louis de Brach was a French Navy officer. He notably served during the War of American Independence. Biography Brach joined the Navy as a Garde-Marine on 24 May 1757. He was promoted to Lieutenant on 14 February 1778. Brach captained the 74-gun ''Magnifique'' at the Battle of Ushant on 27 July 1778. After the battle, he was one of the captains whom Orvilliers praised for their conduct. In the evening of 9 June 1779, Brach departed Martinique, leading a division comprising the 64-gun ''Vengeur'', the 50-gun ''Sagittaire'', and the frigates ''Chimère'' and ''Aimable'', as a diversion to distract the British from another division, under Du Rumain, tasked with the Capture of Saint Vincent. Brach captained ''Magnifique'' at the Battle of Grenada The Battle of Grenada took place on 6 July 1779 during the American Revolutionary War in the West Indies between the British Royal Navy and the French Navy, just off the coast of Grenada. The British fleet of Ad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War Of American Independence
The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of the United States, fighting began on April 19, 1775, followed by the Lee Resolution on July 2, 1776, and the United States Declaration of Independence, Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The American Patriot (American Revolution), Patriots were supported by the Kingdom of France and, to a lesser extent, the Dutch Republic and the Spanish Empire, in a conflict taking place in North America, the Caribbean, and the Atlantic Ocean. Established by royal charter in the 17th and 18th centuries, the American colonies were largely autonomous in domestic affairs and commercially prosperous, trading with Britain and its British West Indies, Caribbean colonies, as well as other European powers via their Caribbean entrepôts. After British vic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garde-Marine
In France, under the Ancien Régime, the Gardes de la Marine (Guards of the Navy), or Gardes-Marine were young gentlemen undergoing training to be naval officers. The training program was established by Cardinal Richelieu in 1670 and lasted until Admiral de Castries abolished it in 1786. The Gardes-Marine received a brevet commission from the King and were organized into companies, established at the harbors of Brest, Toulon, and Rochefort. All naval officers were drawn from these companies, which were the equivalent of the current naval school. The king paid schoolmasters to instruct the Gardes-Marine in everything they needed to know to be good officers - there were masters in mathematics, drawing, writing, fortification, naval architecture and construction, dance, hydrography, fencing, etc. The Gardes-Marine sailed on the king's ships, on which they served as soldiers, and trained in all roles on board. At sea they honed the skills they had learned ashore. Their training, in coo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
74-gun
The "seventy-four" was a type of two- decked sailing ship of the line, which nominally carried 74 guns. It was developed by the French navy in the 1740s, replacing earlier classes of 60- and 62-gun ships, as a larger complement to the recently-developed 64-gun ships. Impressed with the performance of several captured French seventy-fours, the British Royal Navy quickly adopted similar designs, classing them as third rates. The type then spread to the Spanish, Dutch, Danish and Russian navies. The design was considered a good balance between firepower and sailing qualities. Hundreds of seventy-fours were constructed, becoming the dominant form of ship-of-the-line. They remained the mainstay of most major fleets into the early 19th century. From the 1820s, they began to be replaced by larger two-decked ships mounting more guns. However some seventy-fours remained in service until the late 19th century, when they were finally supplanted by ironclads. Standardising on a common ship s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Magnifique (1749)
''Magnifique'' was the lead ship of the 3-ship ''Magnifique'' class 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy. Career In 1760, ''Magnifique'' was under Duchaffault, and patrolled off Martinique, along with ''Hébé'', under La Touche Beauregard. Captain Brach captained ''Magnifique'' at the Battle of Ushant on 27 July 1778, at the Battle of Grenada on 6 July 1779, and at the Battle of Martinique on 17 April 1780. Fate On 15 August 1782, ''Magnifique'' was wrecked along the rocky shore of Lovells Island, in Boston Harbor, MA, USA. She was rumoured to have been carrying "long-lost treasure." According to a US National Park Service Guide, the submerged vessel is still visible from N 42° 19.902’ W 070° 55.818’ during periods of calm. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Ushant (1778)
The Battle of Ushant (also called the First Battle of Ushant) took place on 27 July 1778, and was fought during the American Revolutionary War between French and British fleets west of Ushant, an island at the mouth of the English Channel off the north-westernmost point of France. "Ushant" is the Anglicised pronunciation of "Ouessant". The French commander was under orders to avoid battle if possible, in order to maintain a fleet in being. The commanders of the two squadrons of the British fleet were already personally and politically at odds with each other, and failed to make a concerted attack on the French. The battle, which was the first major naval engagement in the Anglo-French War of 1778, ended indecisively with no ships lost on either side and led to recriminations and political conflicts in both countries. Background The British had a fleet of thirty ships-of-the-line, four frigates, and two fire-ships commanded by Admiral Augustus Keppel, in , which sailed from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Guillouet, Comte D'Orvilliers
Louis Guillouet, comte d'Orvilliers (26 March 1710 – 1792) was a French admiral. Life Louis Guillouet d'Orvilliers was born on 26 March 1710 in Moulins, Allier. His parents were Claude Guillouet d'Orvilliers (), seigneur d'Orvilliers, and Claude de Vict de Pongibaud (–1759). His older brother was Gilbert Guillouet d'Orvilliers, ( – 11 May 1764), governor of French Guiana from 1749 to 1763, D'Orvilliers spent most of his childhood in Cayenne, capital of the French colony French Guiana, where his father was governor. In 1723, aged fifteen, he joined the colony's infantry regiment and quickly rose to the rank of Lieutenant. In 1728, he transferred to the Navy and, by 1756, had become a captain, commanding one of the ships sent to Menorca under the direction of La Galissonière. He later took part in action near Santo Domingo and the Antilles and was rewarded with a promotion to rear admiral in 1764. Franco-American alliance In 1777, France began assisting the American coloni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Vengeur (1765)
The ''Vengeur'' was a 64-gun ship of the line of the French Navy designed by Antoine Groignard. She saw action with Bailli de Suffren during the American War of Independence. Career ''Vengeur'' was originally built as an East Indiaman for the French East India Company, by Antoine Groignard. Her plans, however, followed military specification, as she was supposed to be able to integrate a naval squadron if necessary. She cruised as a merchantman from 1757 to 1765, when she was sold to the Navy. After a refit in Brest, she was brought into service under Captain Christy de La Pallière. In October 1778, along with the frigate ''Belle Poule'', she captured the privateer ''St Peters''. She took part in the Battle of Rhode Island on 29 August 1778, the Battle of Grenada on 6 July 1779, and the Siege of Savannah in September and October 1779, under Captain Croiset de Retz. She then took part in the Battle of Martinique on 18 December 1779 under Fournoue, when she, along with ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Sagittaire (1761)
''Sagittaire'' was a 50-gun ship of the line of the French Navy. Career ''Sagittaire'' was designed by Coulomb, but as he had to leave for a mission to Malta, Chapelle supervised her launch. On 13 April 1778, ''Sagittaire'' departed Toulon in a squadron under Admiral d'Estaing, along with ''Languedoc'', ''Tonnant'', ''César'', ''Zélé'', ''Hector'', ''Guerrier'', ''Marseillais'', ''Protecteur'', ''Vaillant'', ''Provence'' and ''Fantasque''. She fought at the Battle of St. Lucia on 15 December 1778, where she was tasked to bombard the British battery on the Southern peninsula, along with the 32-gun ''Chimère''. On 8 July, ''Sagittaire'' and ''Fantasque'' forced the frigate HMS ''Mermaid'' to beach herself at Cape Henhlopen. On 9 June 1779, ''Vengeur'' and ''Sagittaire'', along with the frigates ''Chimère'' and ''Aimable'', departed for Martinique under Brach as a distraction to cover Du Rumain's departure, who was sailing for his Capture of Saint Vince ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Frigate Chimère (1758)
''Chimère'' was a 32-gun frigate of the French Navy. She notably took part in the War of American Independence. Career ''Chimère'' was ordered as a privateer by the Chamber of commerce of Marseille on 18 October 1756. On 10 October 1757, the French Navy purchased her, while still under construction. She first served in the Mediterranean under Faucher. In 1758, she returned Turkish prisoners to Constantinople. She was next under L'Isle Taulanne, and Tressemanes. On 13 April 1778, ''Chimère'' departed Toulon, under Saint-Césaire, as part of a squadron under Admiral d'Estaing ''Sagittaire'', along with ''Languedoc'', ''Tonnant'', ''César'', ''Zélé'', ''Hector'', ''Guerrier'', ''Marseillais'', ''Protecteur'', ''Vaillant'', ''Provence'' and ''Fantasque''. She fought at the Battle of St. Lucia on 15 December 1778, where she was tasked to bombard the British battery on the Southern peninsula, along with the 50-gun ''Sagittaire''. On 9 June 1779, ''Vengeur'' a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Frigate Aimable (1776)
''Aimable'' was an ''Alcmène''-class 26-gun frigate of the French Navy. Career ''Aimable'' took part in the Battle of Rhode Island, where she helped corner HMS ''Cerberus'' and ''Lark'' and force their crew to scuttle them. On 8 October 1781, she departed Rochefort with ''Iphigénie'', in a division under Captain Kersaint, to take part in the Capture of Demerara and Essequibo. In late September and October 1780 the French frigates ''Aimable'' and , were escorting a convoy from Rochefort to Bayonne. On her way they captured three British cutters: , of 18 guns, captured 25 September 1780; , a privateer of 12 guns; and ''Jersey'', of 12 guns. The French took ''Alert'' and ''Jersey'' into service. ''Aimable'' took part in the Battle of the Saintes on 12 April 1782. On 19 April, ships from Hood's squadron captured her during the Battle of the Mona Passage. The British recommissioned her as HMS ''Aimable''. In December 1799, ''Aimable'' and were escorting the West Indi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles-Marie De Trolong Du Rumain
Chevalier Charles-Marie de Trolong du Rumain (30 September 1743 – 10 August 1780) was a French naval officer of the Ancien Régime. Career He took part in the War of American Independence, notably commanding the 10-gun cutter ''Curieuse'' which, along with ''Iphigénie'', captured HMS ''Lively'' on 10 July 1778. The next year, he directed the Capture of Saint Vincent and became colonial governor of the island. In September 1779, he took part in the Siege of Savannah The siege of Savannah or the Second Battle of Savannah was an encounter of the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) in 1779. The year before, the city of Savannah, Georgia, had been captured by a British expeditionary corps under Lieutenan ..., captaining the 32-gun ''Chimère''. In 1780, he was in command of the frigate ''Nymphe''. On 10 August 1780, ''Nymphe'' encountered off Ushant, and Trolong du Rumain was mortally wounded in the ensuing engagement. Citations and references Citations R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capture Of Saint Vincent
The Capture of Saint Vincent was a French invasion that took place between 16 and 18 June 1779 during the American Revolutionary War. A French force commander named Charles-Marie de Trolong du Rumain landed on the island of Saint Vincent in the West Indies and quickly took over much of the British-controlled part of the island, assisted by local Black Caribs who held the northern part of the island. British Governor Valentine Morris and military commander Lieutenant Colonel George Etherington disagreed on how to react and ended up surrendering without significant resistance. Both leaders were subjected to inquiries over the surrender. The period of French control began by capturing the island, which resulted in a solidified Black Carib control over northern parts of the island. The area remained under Carib control until the Second Carib War of 1795. Background Following the entry of France into the American War of Independence as an American ally in early 1778, French Admir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
