|
French Ship Vengeur (1765)
The ''Vengeur'' was a 64-gun ship of the line of the French Navy designed by Antoine Groignard. She saw action with Bailli de Suffren during the American War of Independence. Career ''Vengeur'' was originally built as an East Indiaman for the French East India Company, by Antoine Groignard. Her plans, however, followed military specification, as she was supposed to be able to integrate a naval squadron if necessary. She cruised as a merchantman from 1757 to 1765, when she was sold to the Navy. After a refit in Brest, she was brought into service under Captain Christy de La Pallière. In October 1778, along with the frigate ''Belle Poule'', she captured the privateer ''St Peters''. She took part in the Battle of Rhode Island on 29 August 1778, the Battle of Grenada on 6 July 1779, and the Siege of Savannah in September and October 1779, under Captain Croiset de Retz. She then took part in the Battle of Martinique on 18 December 1779 under Fournoue, when she, along with ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French East India Company
The French East India Company (french: Compagnie française pour le commerce des Indes orientales) was a colonial commercial enterprise, founded on 1 September 1664 to compete with the English (later British) and Dutch trading companies in the East Indies. Planned by Jean-Baptiste Colbert, it was chartered by King Louis XIV for the purpose of trading in the Eastern Hemisphere. It resulted from the fusion of three earlier companies, the 1660 Compagnie de Chine, the Compagnie d'Orient and Compagnie de Madagascar. The first Director General for the Company was François de la Faye, who was adjoined by two Directors belonging to the two most successful trading organizations at that time: François Caron, who had spent 30 years working for the Dutch East India Company, including more than 20 years in Japan, and Marcara Avanchintz, an Armenian trader from Isfahan, Persia. History In 1604, French king Henry IV authorized the first ''Compagnie des Indes Orientales'', granting the fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Martinique (1779)
The Battle of Martinique, or Combat de la Martinique, was a naval encounter on 18 December 1779 between a British 13-ship squadron under Admiral Hyde Parker and a three-ship French division under Admiral Lamotte-Picquet near the island of Martinique in the West Indies. In order to cover the retreat of a convoy under Joseph de Flotte chased by the British, the lone 74-gun ''Annibal'', under Lamotte-Picquet. For 90 minutes, ''Annibal'' single-handedly engaged the British squadron to block its advance, before she was joined by the two 64-guns, ''Vengeur'' and ''Réfléchi''. Ten to 11 of the transports were taken by the British or beached themselves to avoid capture, but the rest of the convoy of the escorting frigate ''Aurore'' managed to escape, and the division returned to its anchorage. Hyde Parker wrote Lamotte-Picquet a congratulation letter in the following days. Background In the autumn of 1779, a British fleet under Admiral Hyde Parker was anchored at St. Lucia, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Trincomalee
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force commitment. An engagement with only limited commitment between the forces and without decisive results is sometimes called a skirmish. The word "battle" can also be used infrequently to refer to an entire operational campaign, although this usage greatly diverges from its conventional or customary meaning. Generally, the word "battle" is used for such campaigns if referring to a protracted combat encounter in which either one or both of the combatants had the same methods, resources, and strategic objectives throughout the encounter. Some prominent examples of this would be the Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of Britain, and Battle of Stalingrad, all in World War II. Wars and military campaigns are guided by military strategy, whereas ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Flamand
The ''Flamand'' was a 56-gun ''Bordelois''-class ship of the line of the French Navy. She was funded by a don des vaisseaux donation from the Estates of Flanders, and built by engineer Léon Guignace on a design by Antoine Groignard. She took part in Suffren's campaign during the American Revolutionary War. Career Completed too late to serve in the Seven Years' War, ''Flamand'' was offered to the Ottoman Navy, along with her sister-ship ''Ferme''; however the Ottoman were disappointed by the 100,000 piastres they had to pay for the first ship, and declined to purchase a second one. Activated for the American Revolutionary War, ''Flamand'' was assigned to Suffren's squadron in the Indian Ocean. At the Battle of Sadras, on 17 February 1782, Suffren ordered the 64-gun ''Ajax'', under René Joseph Bouvet de Précourt, and ''Flamand'', under Cuverville, to attack the British line to leeward. They both maneuvered to this effect, but then Tromelin, on ''Annibal'', counterm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis-Hyacinte De Cavelier De Cuverville
Louis-Hyacinte de Cavelier, chevalier de Cuverville (Château de Cuverville, near Le Havre, 1740 — Quintin, 1819) was a French Navy officer. Biography Cuverville was born to an aristocratic family. He joined the Navy in 1755, was promoted to Ensign in 1761 and to Lieutenant in 1774. In 1778, he captained the frigate ''Inconstante''. Cuverville served in the Indian Ocean under Rear-Admiral Suffren. He was captain of the 56-gun ''Flamand'' at the Battle of Sadras on 17 February 1782. Suffren ordered the 64-gun ''Ajax'', under René Joseph Bouvet de Précourt, and ''Flamand'', under Cuverville, to attack the British line to leeward. They both maneuvered to this effect, but then Tromelin, on ''Annibal'', countermanded the order by signaling ''Ajax'' and ''Flamand'' to return to their post in the line of battle. While ''Ajax'' obeyed the order, ''Flamand'' sailed on and Saint-Félix, of ''Brillant'', requested permission to replace ''Ajax''. At the Battle of Negap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Negapatam (1782)
The Battle of Negapatam was the third in a series of battles fought between a British fleet, under Vice-Admiral Sir Edward Hughes, and a French fleet, under the Bailli de Suffren, off the coast of India during the American Revolutionary War. The battle was fought on 6 July 1782. Castex (2004), pp. 269–272 Though the battle was indecisive, Suffren was stopped in his goal by Hughes and withdrew to Cuddalore, while the British remained in control of Negapatam. Background France had entered the American Revolutionary War in 1778, and Britain declared war on the Dutch Republic in late 1780, after the Dutch refused to stop trading in military supplies with the French and the Americans. The British had rapidly gained control over most French and Dutch outposts in India when news of these events reached India, spawning the Second Anglo-Mysore War in the process. Negapatam was besieged and taken by Sir Hector Munro in November 1781. The French admiral the Bailli de Suffren was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Count De Forbin (French Navy Officer)
Charles Gaspard Hyacinthe de Forbin La Barben (Aix-en-Provence, 26 February 1741 — ?) was a French Navy officer. He fought in the Indian Ocean under Suffren during the War of American Independence, captaining the 64-gun ''Vengeur'' at the Battle of Porto Praya on 16 April 1781, the Battle of Sadras on 17 February 1782, the Battle of Providien on 12 April 1782, the Battle of Negapatam on 6 July 1782, and the Battle of Trincomalee from 25 August to 3 September 1782. He was one of the officers that Suffren dismissed in the wake of the Battle of Trincomalee. Biography Forbin was born to the family of Claude de Forbin. He was also a parent to Suffren, as Suffren's great-grand-mother was from the Forbin family. Forbin joined the Navy as a Garde-Marine on 7 October 1756. He was promoted to Lieutenant on 27 November 1765, and to Captain on 13 March 1779. In September 1781, he was first officer on ''Terrible'' in the squadron under Admiral d'Estaing. Forbin was appointe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Porto Praya
The Battle of Porto Praya was a naval battle that took place during the American Revolutionary War on 16 April 1781 between a British squadron under Commodore George Johnstone and a French squadron under the Bailli de Suffren. Both squadrons were en route to the Cape of Good Hope, the British to take it from the Dutch, the French aiming to help defend it and French possessions in the Indian Ocean. The British convoy and its escorting squadron had anchored at Porto Praya (now Praia) in the Portuguese Cape Verde Islands to take on water, when the French squadron arrived and attacked them at anchor. Due to the unexpected nature of the encounter, neither fleet was prepared to do battle, and in the inconclusive battle the French fleet sustained more damage than the British, though no ships were lost. Johnstone tried to pursue the French, but was forced to call it off in order to repair the damage his ships had taken. The French gained a strategic victory, because Suffren beat John ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre André De Suffren
Admiral comte Pierre André de Suffren de Saint Tropez, bailli de Suffren (17 July 1729 – Paris, 8 December 1788), Château de Saint-Cannat) was a French Navy officer and admiral. Beginning his career during the War of the Austrian Succession, he fought in the Seven Years' War, where he was taken prisoner at the Battle of Lagos. Promoted to captain in 1772, he was one of the aids of Admiral d'Estaing during the Naval battles of the American Revolutionary War, notably taking part in the Siege of Savannah. Suffren was then appointed to serve in the Indian Ocean under Thomas d'Estienne d'Orves, but assumed command himself at his death. Leading a 15-ship squadron, he fought five intense and evenly matched battles for control of the sea against Vice-Admiral Sir Edward Hughes. Through these battles, Suffren managed to secure French dominance of the seas in Indian waters until the conclusion of the war at the Treaty of Paris. At his return, he was promoted to vice-admiral. He die ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Martinique (1780)
The Battle of Martinique, also known as the Combat de la Dominique, took place on 17 April 1780 during the American Revolutionary War in the West Indies between the British Royal Navy and the French Navy. Origins In March 1780, the French chief commander for the West Indies and North America, Charles Henri Hector d'Estaing, was succeeded by Comte de Guichen. Together with François Claude Amour, marquis de Bouillé, de Guichen planned a combined attack on a British West Indies Island. On 13 April Guichen sailed from Martinique with a fleet of 23 ships of the line and 3,000 troops. The newly arrived British commander based in St. Lucia, George Brydges Rodney, was notified immediately of the French departure, and gave chase with 20 ships of the line. On 16 April, his sentinels spotted de Guichen westward of Martinique. Battle The fleets began manoeuvring for the advantage of the weather gage on the morning of 17 April. By 8:45, Rodney had reached a position to the windward ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fort Royal
Fort-de-France (, , ; gcf, label= Martinican Creole, Fodfwans) is a commune and the capital city of Martinique, an overseas department and region of France located in the Caribbean. It is also one of the major cities in the Caribbean. History In 1638, Jacques Dyel du Parquet (1606–1658), nephew of Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc and first governor of Martinique, decided to have Fort Saint Louis built to protect the city against enemy attacks. The fort was soon destroyed, and rebuilt in 1669, when Louis XIV appointed the Marquis of Baas as governor general. Under his orders and those of his successors, particularly the Count of Blénac, the fort was built with a Vauban design. Originally named Fort-Royal, the administrative capital of Martinique was over-shadowed by Saint-Pierre, the oldest city in the island, which was renowned for its commercial and cultural vibrancy as "The Paris of the Caribbean". The name of Fort-Royal was changed to a short-lived "Fort-La-Republique" d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
