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Forte Braschi (Rome)
Forte Braschi is one of the 15 forts of Rome, built in the period between 1877 and 1891 to constitute the "entrenched field of Rome". It is located in the Quarter Q. XIV Trionfale, within the Municipio XIV. History It was built starting from 1877 and completed in 1881, on a surface of along Via della Pineta Sacchetti. The area on which it was built belonged to Cardinal Romoaldo Braschi-Onesti, from which it takes its name. Since 1925, having ceased its strategic function, it has hosted the military Italian intelligence agencies, such as the ''Servizio Informazioni Militare'' (SIM). On 29 May 1931, the fort was the scene of the shooting of the anarchist Michele Schirru, convicted of planning an attempt on Mussolini.See Dell'Osa, p. 88. Since the second postwar period it has hosted the ''Servizio Informazioni Forze Armate'' (SIFAR) and the ''Servizio Informazioni Difesa'' (SID). From 1977 to 2007 it housed the operation center of the military intelligence, the ''Servizio p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forts Of Rome
The Forts of Rome are the complex of fixed works of military defense constituting the entrenched field of the city, consisting of fifteen "Prussian"-type forts and four hexagonal batteries. They were erected between 1877 and 1891 in defense of the strip of territory immediately surrounding the city of Rome (Italy), then in the countryside, at a distance of about 4–5 km from the Aurelian walls and about 2–3 km from each other, for an overall development of about . After some controversies about the project, the forts were commissioned by Royal Decree nr. 4007 of August 12, 1877. The first seven forts ( Monte Mario, Braschi, Boccea, Aurelia Antica, Bravetta, Portuense and Appia Antica) were built starting from the same year 1877 on the right side of the Tiber (except for the Forte Appia Antica), as a defence against landings on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea. The construction of the remaining eight forts (Antenne, Ardeatina, Casilina, Ostiense, Pietralata, P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rome
, established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption = The territory of the ''comune'' (''Roma Capitale'', in red) inside the Metropolitan City of Rome (''Città Metropolitana di Roma'', in yellow). The white spot in the centre is Vatican City. , pushpin_map = Italy#Europe , pushpin_map_caption = Location within Italy##Location within Europe , pushpin_relief = yes , coordinates = , coor_pinpoint = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Italy , subdivision_type2 = Region , subdivision_name2 = Lazio , subdivision_type3 = Metropolitan city , subdivision_name3 = Rome Capital , government_footnotes= , government_type = Strong Mayor–Council , leader_title2 = Legislature , leader_name2 = Capitoline Assemb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victor Emmanuel II Of Italy
en, Victor Emmanuel Maria Albert Eugene Ferdinand Thomas , house = Savoy , father = Charles Albert of Sardinia , mother = Maria Theresa of Austria , religion = Roman Catholicism , image_size = 252px , succession1 = King of Sardinia and Duke of Savoy , reign1 = 23 March 1849 – 17 March 1861 , predecessor1 = Charles Albert , reg-type1 = , regent1 = , signature = Signatur Viktor Emanuel II..PNG Victor Emmanuel II ( it, Vittorio Emanuele II; full name: ''Vittorio Emanuele Maria Alberto Eugenio Ferdinando Tommaso di Savoia''; 14 March 1820 – 9 January 1878) was King of Sardinia from 1849 until 17 March 1861, when he assumed the title of King of Italy and became the first king of an independent, united Italy since the 6th century, a title he held until his death in 1878. Borrowing from the old Latin title ''Pater Patriae'' of the Roman emperors, the Italians gave him the epithet of '' Father of the Fatherland'' ( it, Padr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Defence (Italy)
The Ministry of Defence ( it, Ministero della Difesa, or MDD) is the government body of the Italian Republic responsible for military and civil defence matters and managing the Italian Armed Forces. It is led by the Italian Minister of Defence, a position occupied by Guido Crosetto since October 2022. Initially created as Ministry of War, it was later renamed as Ministry of Defence, merging also the pre-existent Ministries of Navy and Air Force, after the end of World War II with the De Gasperi III Cabinet. The first Minister of defence was Luigi Gasparotto, succeeded to Cipriano Facchinetti, last Minister of war. History The precursors of the Ministry of Defence were the Ministry of War and the Ministry of the Navy, among the first ministries created in the Kingdom of Sardinia. With the Italian unification, during the Cavour IV Cabinet, the division of the two Ministries remained, similar to the other European government bodies. On 30 August 1925 the Mussolini Cabinet establi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quarters Of Rome
The Quarters of Rome (Italian: ''quartieri di Roma'') are the areas in and around the Italian city of Rome which became urbanised after the foundation of the last city-centre rione, Prati. They form the second level of administrative sub-divisions of Roma Capitale. Together they cover 171.38 km2 and hold 1483913 inhabitants. History The first 15 quarters were officially founded and numbered in 1926, after first being drafted in 1911. As of 1930 there were two more unofficial quarters: the quarter XVI, which was called Città Giardino Aniene in 1924; and the quarter XVII, that was named Savoia in 1926. These two were later officially renamed, the XVII becoming ''Trieste'' in 1946 and the XVI becoming ''Monte Sacro'' in 1951. Other quarters have been renamed: the quarter XV, previously called Milvio, became ''Della Vittoria'' in 1935, while the III, once known as Vittorio Emanuele III in honor of the King of Italy, was renamed ''Pinciano'' in 1946. In 1961, Delibera del Com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trionfale
Trionfale is the 14th ''quartiere'' of Rome (Italy), identified by the initials Q. XIV. The toponym also indicates the urban zone 19E of Municipio XIV. History Trionfale is among the first 15 ''quartieri'' of the city, originally delimited in 1911 and officially established in 1921. It takes its name from the Via Trionfale. During the Middle Age the pilgrims coming from the Via Francigena used to travel along this road in order to get to Rome. The little church of San Lazzaro in Borgo, where pilgrims had to stop before entering the city walls, bears witness to this. Geography Boundaries To the north, the quarter borders with ''suburbio'' Della Vittoria (S. XI), from which it is separated by the stretch of Via Trionfale between Via della Pineta Sacchetti and Via Igea. To the west, Trionfale borders with ''quartiere'' Della Vittoria (Q. XV), whose border is delineated by the stretch of Via Trionfale between Via Igea and Viale delle Milizie, as well as with ''rione'' Pra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Municipio XIV
Municipio XIV is an administrative subdivision of the city of Rome. It was first created by Rome's City Council on 19 January 2001 and it has a president who is elected during the mayoral elections. Originally called ''Municipio XIX'', since 11 March 2013 its borders were modified and its name was changed in ''Municipio XIV''. Subdivision Municipio XIV is divided into eight localities: Politics Current allocation of seats in the Municipio XIV's parliamentary body as of the 2013 Rome municipal election: *Democratic Party (PD) 13 *People of Freedom (PdL) 4 *Left Ecology Freedom 2 *Five Star Movement (M5S) 2 *Others 2 In June 2013 Valerio Barletta ( PD) was elected president. The current majority is formed by Democratic Party and Left Ecology Freedom Left Ecology Freedom ( it, Sinistra Ecologia Libertà, SEL) was a democratic socialist political party in Italy whose bulk was formed by former members of the Communist Refoundation Party. The party's leader was Nichi Vendola, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romoaldo Braschi-Onesti
Romoaldo Braschi-Onesti (Cesena, 19 July 1753 – Rome, 30 April 1817) was a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Life His uncle, Pope Pius VI, made him a cardinal on 18 December 1786, making him the last cardinal-nephew to date (in the narrow sense of a Pope appointing his nephew; if "cardinal-nephew" can mean any close relative, then the last was Giuseppe Pecci, appointed by his younger brother Pope Leo XIII.) A month later he became Cardinal-Deacon of San Nicola in Carcere. On 30 October 1800 he became Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, until 10 November 1801. From 1807 until his death, he was Archpriest of St. Peter's Basilica. Between 1784 and 1817, he was also Grand Prior of Rome of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. His elder brother was Luigi Braschi Onesti, who built the Palazzo Braschi in Rome. At his death, his body was buried in St. Peter's Basilica, while his praecordia were buried in the Chapel of the Madonna of Clemency in the Pantheon. See also *Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Intelligence Agencies
Italian intelligence agencies are the intelligence agencies of Italy. Currently, the Italian intelligence agencies are the Agenzia Informazioni e Sicurezza Esterna (AISE), focusing on foreign intelligence, and the Agenzia Informazioni e Sicurezza Interna (AISI), focusing on internal security. They form part of the Department of Information for Security, which in turn is part of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers. The agencies have been reorganized multiple times since the birth of the Italian Republic in 1946 to attempt to increase effectiveness. History Military Information Service The Military Information Service, known in Italian as ''Servizio Informazioni Militare'' or SIM, was founded on October 15, 1925. It originated from a military information system structure within the Italian Armed Forces. From February 6, 1927, it was placed under the direct control of the Chief of General Staff. Benito Mussolini is said to have changed the leadership frequently as he di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Servizio Informazioni Militare
The Italian Military Information Service ( it, Servizio Informazioni Militare, or SIM) was the military intelligence organization for the Royal Army (''Regio Esercito'') of the Kingdom of Italy (''Regno d'Italia'') from 1925 until 1946, and of the Italian Republic until 1949. The SIM was Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini's equivalent to the German Abwehr. Rommel’s successful military operations in North Africa in 1942 were substantially facilitated by the SIM through the securing of the U.S. Black Code used by Colonel Bonner Fellers to communicate plans for British military operations to his Headquarters in Washington. SIM had a large, well-organized cryptologic group, Section 5 (''Sezione 5''). Section 5 produced codes and ciphers for the Royal Army and higher level enciphered codes for the Italian Royal Navy. History The Servizio Informazioni Militari was instituted in October 1925 under the Fascist regime. The SIM had its headquarters at Forte Braschi, in the Quarter Q. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michele Schirru
Italian Fascist leader Benito Mussolini survived several assassination attempts while head of government of Italy in the 1920s and 1930s. Tito Zaniboni The former Socialist deputy Tito Zaniboni was arrested for attempting to assassinate Mussolini on November 4, 1925. In a hotel with a view unto Palazzo Chigi, where Mussolini had planned to give a balcony speech, Zaniboni set up a rifle with telescopic sights. Shortly before his target appeared, however, Zaniboni was arrested. A friend and double agent had informed the police. Historians believe that the plot itself was engineered by the Mussolini administration as a pretext to consolidate power, which is what followed. Mussolini's laws enacted in late 1925 enabled the suppression of any oppositional political organization. The Italian army officer Luigi Capello was arrested in conjunction with the Zaniboni plot and received a 30-year prison sentence. The author and labor organizer Carlo Tresca wrote a play and political satir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benito Mussolini
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (; 29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who founded and led the National Fascist Party. He was Prime Minister of Italy from the March on Rome in 1922 until his deposition in 1943, and "Duce" of Italian Fascism from the establishment of the Italian Fasces of Combat in 1919 until his execution in 1945 by Italian partisans. As dictator of Italy and principal founder of fascism, Mussolini inspired and supported the international spread of fascist movements during the inter-war period. Mussolini was originally a socialist politician and a journalist at the ''Avanti!'' newspaper. In 1912, he became a member of the National Directorate of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), but he was expelled from the PSI for advocating military intervention in World War I, in opposition to the party's stance on neutrality. In 1914, Mussolini founded a new journal, ''Il Popolo d'Italia'', and served in the Royal Italian Army durin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
