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Floydforce
Floydforce was the name given to the British Army intervention unit in Yugoslavia in October 1944, during the Second World War. Its main objective was to aid Yugoslav Partisans, led by Marshal Tito, in preventing German withdrawal from Greece and Albania via Montenegro, and "to give the greatest possible artillery support to the Yugoslav National Army of Liberation". It was a continuation of the British Government policy of support and supply that started with the Maclean Mission and culminated in Tito's meeting with Winston Churchill in Naples in August 1943. Background As Allied troops from the East and West were moving towards Berlin, they realised that large German military formations such as Army Group E will eventually abandon Greece, Albania and Yugoslavia and withdraw to defence lines further north. This would reinvigorate and resupply their troops in the region and likely extend the war. In September 1944, Operation Ratweek was launched, aiming to frustrate German ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
111th (Bolton) Field Regiment, Royal Artillery
111th (Bolton) Field Regiment was a Royal Artillery (RA) unit of Britain's part-time Territorial Army (United Kingdom), Territorial Army (TA) formed just before World War II. It was descended from the Bolton Artillery, first formed in the Lancashire town of Bolton in 1889. After serving in home defence it was sent to the Middle East Command, Middle East where it participated in the Second Battle of El Alamein and the Battle of Mareth. It served in the Italian campaign (World War II), Italian Campaign, and was then transferred to Yugoslavia, fighting alongside Josip Broz Tito, Tito's Yugoslav Partisans, Partisans. The regiment was disbanded at the end of the war. Mobilisation With war approaching after the Munich Crisis, the Territorial Army was rapidly doubled in size. On 1 July 1939 53rd (Bolton) Field Regiment, Royal Artillery, split into two regiments:Frederick, pp. 489, 515.Frederick, p. 528.Litchfield, pp. 119–20. 53rd (Bolton) Field Regiment * Regimental Headquarters (RH ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Army Group E
Army Group E (''Heeresgruppe E'') was a German Army Group active during World War II. Army Group E was created on 1 January 1943 from the 12th Army. Units from this Army Group were distributed throughout the Eastern Mediterranean area, including Albania, Greece, the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia, and the Independent State of Croatia. Composition Its principal units were:p.24, Thomas *11th Luftwaffe Field Division ( Attica garrison) - ''Generalleutnant'' Wilhelm Kohler * Rhodes Assault Division (amalgamated with the Brandenburg Panzergrenadier Division in 1944) * LXVIII Army Corps (eastern Greece and Peloponnese) ** 117th Jäger Division - ''General der Gebirgstruppe'' Karl von Le Suire ** 1st Panzer Division (June–October 1943) - ''Generalmajor'' Walter Krüger * XXII Mountain Army Corps (western Greece) - ''General der Gebirgstruppe'' Hubert Lanz **104th Jäger Division - ''General der Infanterie'' Hartwig von Ludwiger ** 1st Mountain Division - ''Gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
XXI Mountain Corps (Wehrmacht)
The XXI Mountain Corps was a German military formation in World War II. At the beginning of November 1944 the XXI Mountain Corps retreated from Albania to Podgorica in Montenegro. In mid-November they tried to break through Danilovgrad and Nikšić toward Sarajevo, but Yugoslav partisan forces supported by two British artillery batteries, code-named Floydforce, stopped them after ten days fighting. At the end of November 1944 they had to retreat through a much longer route, via Kolašin, Prijepolje and Višegrad. Commanders * Paul Bader (25 August 1943 - 10 October 1943) * Gustav Fehn (10 October 1943 -20 July 1944) * Ernst von Leyser (20 July 1944 -29 April 1945) * Hartwig von Ludwiger (29 April 1945 - 8 May 1945) Hartwig von Ludwiger Hartwig von Ludwiger (29 June 1895 – 3 or 5 May 1947) was a German general in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II. Ludwiger was responsible for numerous atrocities committed throughout the Balkans. After the war, he was charged ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yugoslav Partisans
The Yugoslav Partisans,Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian language, Macedonian, Slovene language, Slovene: , or the National Liberation Army, sh-Latn-Cyrl, Narodnooslobodilačka vojska (NOV), Народноослободилачка војска (НОВ); mk, Народноослободителна војска (НОВ); sl, Narodnoosvobodilna vojska (NOV) officially the National Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia, sh-Latn-Cyrl, Narodnooslobodilačka vojska i partizanski odredi Jugoslavije (NOV i POJ), Народноослободилачка војска и партизански одреди Југославије (НОВ и ПОЈ); mk, Народноослободителна војска и партизански одреди на Југославија (НОВ и ПОЈ); sl, Narodnoosvobodilna vojska in partizanski odredi Jugoslavije (NOV in POJ) was the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, communist-led Anti-fascism, anti-fascist resistance to the Axis powers ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vilusi, Nikšić
Vilusi ( sr-cyr, Вилуси) is a village in the municipality of Nikšić, Montenegro. It is the village closest the Klobuk border crossing with Bosnia and Herzegovina (for Trebinje) though the actual main road does not go through the heart of the village. History In antiquity, Vilusi had a castle, named Salthua. Demographics According to the 2011 census, the village was inhabited by 87 Montenegrins and 75 Serbs The Serbs ( sr-Cyr, Срби, Srbi, ) are the most numerous South Slavic ethnic group native to the Balkans in Southeastern Europe, who share a common Serbian ancestry, culture, history and language. The majority of Serbs live in their .... According to the 2003 census, the village was inhabited by 113 Serbs and 91 Montenegrins.Књига 9, Становништво, упоредни преглед броја становника 1948, 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2003, подаци по насељима, Републички завод за статис ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter II Of Yugoslavia
Peter II ( sr-Cyrl, Петар II Карађорђевић, Petar II Karađorđević; 6 September 1923 – 3 November 1970) was the last king of Yugoslavia, reigning from October 1934 until his deposition in November 1945. He was the last reigning member of the Karađorđević dynasty. The eldest child of King Alexander I of Yugoslavia, Alexander I and Maria of Yugoslavia, Maria of Romania, Peter acceded to the Yugoslav throne in 1934 at the age of 11 after his father was assassinated during a state visit to France. A regency was set up under his cousin Prince Paul of Yugoslavia, Prince Paul. After Paul declared Yugoslavia's accession to the Tripartite Pact in late March 1941, a pro-British Yugoslav coup d'état, coup d'état deposed the regent and declared Peter of age. In response, Axis forces invaded Yugoslavia ten days later and quickly overran the country, forcing the king and his ministers into exile. A Yugoslav government-in-exile, government-in-exile was set up in J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yugoslav Government-in-exile
The Government of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in Exile ( sh, Vlada Kraljevine Jugoslavije u egzilu / Влада Краљевине Југославије у егзилу) was an official government of Yugoslavia, headed by King Peter II. It evacuated from Belgrade in April 1941, after the Axis invasion of the country, and went first to Greece, then to Palestine, then to Egypt and finally, in June 1941, to the United Kingdom, and hence it is also referred to as the "Government in London" ( sh, Vlada u Londonu / Влада у Лондону). Background According to economics professor and historian Jozo Tomasevich, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was politically weak from the moment of its creation in December 1918, and remained so during the interwar period mainly due to rigid centralism combined with strong ethno-religious identities. In particular, the religious primacy of the Serbian Orthodox Church in national affairs and discrimination against Roman Catholics and Muslims com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balkan Air Force
The Balkan Air Force (BAF) was an Allies of World War II, Allied air formation operating in the Balkans during World War II. Composed of units of the Royal Air Force and South African Air Force under the Mediterranean Allied Air Forces command, it was active from 7 June 1944 until 15 July 1945. Air Vice Marshal William Elliot (RAF officer), William Elliot and then George Mills (RAF officer), George Mills, both RAF officers, were its Air Officer Commanding (AOC). The BAF Allied bombing of Yugoslavia in World War II, operated mainly over Yugoslavia, supporting the Partisans (Yugoslavia), Partisans against Nazi Germany, Germany and its allies, but occasionally supporting the Greek Resistance, Greek and Albanian resistance during World War II, Albanian resistance movements also. History The formation was based at Bari in Italy, and formed on 7 June 1944 from AHQ 'G' Force, to simplify command arrangements for the air support of Special Operations Executive-operations in the Balkans, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bioče
Bioče ( sr-cyrl, Биоче) is a village nine miles northeast of Podgorica, Montenegro. It is situated on the main road connecting Podgorica with northern Montenegro and with Serbia ( E65/ E80) routes and is a local station on Belgrade–Bar railway. On January 23, 2006, a train crashed nearby killing at least 39 and injuring more than 130 people, in the country's worst train disaster. Demographics According to the 2003 census, it had a population of 179, the majority of which identified as Serbs, the rest as Montenegrins Montenegrins ( cnr, Црногорци, Crnogorci, or ; lit. "Black Mountain People") are a South Slavic ethnic group that share a common Montenegrin culture, history, and language, identified with the country of Montenegro. Genetics Accordi .... According to the 2011 census, its population was 177. References Populated places in Podgorica Municipality Serb communities in Montenegro {{montenegro-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cetinje
Cetinje (, ) is a town in Montenegro. It is the former royal capital (''prijestonica'' / приjестоница) of Montenegro and is the location of several national institutions, including the official residence of the president of Montenegro. According to the 2011 census, the town had a population of 14,093 while the Cetinje Municipality had 16,657 residents . Cetinje is the centre of Cetinje Municipality. The city rests on a small karst plain surrounded by limestone mountains, including Mount Lovćen, the legendary mountain in Montenegrin historiography. Cetinje was founded in the 15th century and became a cradle of the culture of Montenegro. Its status as the honorary capital of Montenegro is due to its heritage as a long-serving former capital of Montenegro. Name In Montenegrin, Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian, it is known as ''Cetinje'' (archaically Цетинѣ / ''Cetině''); in Italian as ''Cettigne''; in Greek as Κετίγνη (''Ketígni''); in Turkish as ''Çe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bailey Bridge
A Bailey bridge is a type of portable, pre-fabricated, truss bridge. It was developed in 1940–1941 by the British for military use during the Second World War and saw extensive use by British, Canadian and American military engineering units. A Bailey bridge has the advantages of requiring no special tools or heavy equipment to assemble. The wood and steel bridge elements were small and light enough to be carried in trucks and lifted into place by hand, without the use of a crane. The bridges were strong enough to carry tanks. Bailey bridges continue to be used extensively in civil engineering construction projects and to provide temporary crossings for pedestrian and vehicle traffic. A Bailey bridge and its construction were prominently featured in the 1977 film '' A Bridge Too Far''. Design The success of the Bailey bridge was due to the simplicity of the fabrication and assembly of its modular components, combined with the ability to erect and deploy sections with a mini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Podgorica
Podgorica (Cyrillic script, Cyrillic: Подгорица, ; Literal translation, lit. 'under the hill') is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Montenegro, largest city of Montenegro. The city was formerly known as Titograd (Cyrillic script, Cyrillic: Титоград, ) between 1946 and 1992—in the period that Montenegro formed, as the Socialist Republic of Montenegro in honour of Marshal of Yugoslavia, Marshal Josip Broz Tito. The city was largely destroyed during the bombing of Podgorica in World War II and accordingly the city is now dominated by architecture from the following decades of communism. Further but less substantial damage was caused by the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, 1999 bombing by NATO forces. The surrounding landscape is predominantly Mountain range, mountainous terrain. The city is just north of the Lake Skadar and close to coastal destinations on the Adriatic Sea. Historically, it was Podgorica's position at the confluence of the Ribn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
_Squadron_RAF%2C_aka_Balkan_Air_Force_(18_August_1944).jpg "Click for more on -> Balkan Air Force")
