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Filament
The word filament, which is descended from Latin ''filum'' meaning " thread", is used in English for a variety of thread-like structures, including: Astronomy * Galaxy filament, the largest known cosmic structures in the universe * Solar filament, a solar prominence seen against the disc of the sun Biology * Myofilament, filaments of myofibrils constructed from proteins * Protein filament, a long chain of protein subunits, such as those found in hair or muscle * Part of a stamen, the male part of a flower * Hypha, a thread-like cell in fungi and Actinobacteria * Filamentation, an elongation of individual bacterial cells Textiles * Fiber, natural or manmade substances significantly longer than they are wide * Yarn (more loosely) * Filament fiber, fiber that comes in a continuous long length Media * ''Filament'' (magazine), a female-oriented erotica magazine * 2002 movie by Jinsei Tsuji * Filament (band), a musical group from Japan * Filament Games, a Wisconsin-based educati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3D Printing Filament
3D printing filament is the thermoplastic feedstock for fused deposition modeling 3D printers. There are many types of filament available with different properties. Filament comes in a range of diameters, most commonly 1.75 mm and 2.85 mm, with the latter often being confused with the less common 3 mm. Filament consists of one continuous slender plastic thread spooled into a reel. Production Commercially produced filament 3D printing filament is created using a process of heating, extruding and cooling plastic to transform nurdles into the finished product. However Unlike a 3D printer the filament is pulled rather than pushed through the nozzle to create the filament, the diameter of the filament is defined by the process that takes place after the plastic has been heated rather than the diameter of the extruder nozzle. A different force and speed is applied to the filament as it is pulled out of the extruder to define the width of the filament, most commonly 1.75 mm o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filamentation
Filamentation is the anomalous growth of certain bacteria, such as ''Escherichia coli'', in which cells continue to elongate but do not divide (no septa formation). The cells that result from elongation without division have multiple chromosomal copies. In the absence of antibiotics or other stressors, filamentation occurs at a low frequency in bacterial populations (4–8% short filaments and 0–5% long filaments in 1- to 8-hour cultures). The increased cell length can protect bacteria from protozoan predation and neutrophil phagocytosis by making ingestion of cells more difficult. Filamentation is also thought to protect bacteria from antibiotics, and is associated with other aspects of bacterial virulence such as biofilm formation. The number and length of filaments within a bacterial population increases when the bacteria are exposed to different physical, chemical and biological agents (e.g. UV light, DNA synthesis-inhibiting antibiotics, bacteriophages). This is termed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filament Productions
Filament Productions is a production design and touring video company based in Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, since 2005. It was founded by Fenton Williams, who was the first road manager for the Dave Matthews Band ("DMB"). During the early 1990s, Williams realized he was not the best road manager and found his passion in designing sets and lighting at the DMB concerts. Filament Productions has since grown alongside the Dave Matthews Band, providing the band with video production, lighting and set design.HOT SEAT- Light master:DMB did it for Fenton ''The Hook'' (newspaper). Retrieved 6 July 2010.Claiborne, Vickie (2007-12-0 [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filament (magazine)
''Filament'' was a quarterly erotic magazine aimed at women, published in the United Kingdom. It ran for 9 issues, from June 2009 to December 2011. The magazine featured both explicit and non-explicit pornographic imagery of men, designed specifically for heterosexual women (as distinct from that designed for gay men). The magazine claimed to use "academic and primary research" in producing its content. Critical reactions to ''Filament'' were varied. Voxpops with women undertaken by New Zealand current affairs programme ''Close Up'' were mixed, and those undertaken by British chat show ''The Wright Stuff'' were mainly negative, though some blogs were positive in their reception of the magazine. Erection Campaign In August 2009 ''Filament'' magazine began a campaign to become the first UK women's magazine to publish an erection pictorial, after the printers of its first issue declined to print the second if it contained such images. ''Filament'' sought to sell 328 further copies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electrical Filament
An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light with a wire filament heated until it glows. The filament is enclosed in a glass bulb with a vacuum or inert gas to protect the filament from oxidation. Current is supplied to the filament by terminals or wires embedded in the glass. A bulb socket provides mechanical support and electrical connections. Incandescent bulbs are manufactured in a wide range of sizes, light output, and voltage ratings, from 1.5 volts to about 300 volts. They require no external regulating equipment, have low manufacturing costs, and work equally well on either alternating current or direct current. As a result, the incandescent bulb became widely used in household and commercial lighting, for portable lighting such as table lamps, car headlamps, and flashlights, and for decorative and advertising lighting. Incandescent bulbs are much less efficient than other types of electric lighting, converting le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galaxy Filament
In cosmology, galaxy filaments (subtypes: supercluster complexes, galaxy walls, and galaxy sheets) Boris V. Komberg, Andrey V. Kravtsov, Vladimir N. Lukash; "The search and investigation of the Large Groups of Quasars" ; ;R.G. Clowes; "Large Quasar Groups - A Short Review"; ''The New Era of Wide Field Astronomy'', ASP Conference Series, vol. 232.; 2001; Astronomical Society of the Pacific; ; are the largest known structures in the universe, consisting of walls of gravitationally bound galaxy superclusters. These massive, thread-like formations can reach 80 parsec#Megaparsecs and gigaparsecs, megaparsecs ''h''−1 (or of the order of 160 to 260 million light-years) and form the boundaries between large void (astronomy), voids. Formation In the Lambda-CDM model, standard model of the evolution of the universe, galactic filaments form along and follow web-like strings of dark matter—also referred to as the galactic web or cosmic web. It is thought that this dark matter dictates ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filament (band)
Filament is a musical group from Japan that consists of Otomo Yoshihide and Sachiko M, two of the major exponents of the electroacoustic improvisation style of music. The two played as a duo for the first time on November 5, 1995 in London, but it was not until 1997 that they began to play often together and Filament became one of their main projects. At first their work together was branded as A-102, then they used both Filament and A-102, and occasionally simply "duo," with no specific project name. Since their United States and France concert tour of May 1998, they have used the name Filament exclusively. Discography * '' 29092000'' (2001) * '' Filament 2: Secret Recordings'' (1999) (With Günter Müller Günter Müller (born October 20, 1954) is a German sound artist who originally performed as a percussionist and drummer, active primarily in free improvisation. He was born in Munich, West Germany, but has lived in Switzerland since 1966. Ba ...) * '' Filament 1'' (1998 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filament Games
Filament Games is an American educational video game developer based in Madison, Wisconsin and founded in 2005 by partners Daniel White, Daniel Norton, and Alexander Stone. They are a design and production studio specializing in the creation of authentic gameplay mechanics that are also accurate representations of educational content. By actively embedding learning objectives within game activities, Filament's games help players transform their play experience into real world knowledge. Philosophy Filament's design philosophy is closely based on the scholarship of Kurt Squire, Constance Steinkuehler, and James Paul Gee, who pioneered much of the research about the value of games as teaching tools. Filament is also a close affiliate of the annual Games Learning and Society Conference. History The company received national recognition for their series of civics games launched by Sandra Day O'Connor for iCivics, her civics-education initiative. These games include ''Do I Have a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solar Prominence
A prominence, sometimes referred to as a filament, is a large plasma and magnetic field structure extending outward from the Sun's surface, often in a loop shape. Prominences are anchored to the Sun's surface in the photosphere, and extend outwards into the solar corona. While the corona consists of extremely hot plasma, prominences contain much cooler plasma, similar in composition to that of the chromosphere. Prominences form over timescales of about a day and may persist in the corona for several weeks or months, looping hundreds of thousands of kilometers into space. Some prominences may give rise to coronal mass ejections. Scientists are currently researching how and why prominences are formed. A typical prominence extends over many thousands of kilometers; the largest on record was estimated at over long, roughly a solar radius. History The first detailed description of a solar prominence was in 14th-century Laurentian Codex, describing the Solar eclipse of 1 May 11 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filament Propagation
In nonlinear optics, filament propagation is propagation of a beam of light through a medium without diffraction. This is possible because the Kerr effect causes an index of refraction change in the medium, resulting in self-focusing of the beam. Filamentary damage tracks in glass caused by laser pulses were first observed by Michael Hercher in 1964. Filament propagation of laser pulses in the atmosphere was observed in 1994 by Gérard Mourou and his team at University of Michigan. The balance between the self-focusing refraction and self-attenuating diffraction by ionization and rarefaction of a laser beam of terawatt intensities, created by chirped pulse amplification, in the atmosphere creates "filaments" which act as waveguides for the beam thus preventing divergence. Competing theories, that the observed filament was actually an illusion created by an axiconic (bessel) or moving focus instead of a "waveguided" concentration of the optical energy, were put to rest by workers at L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein Filament
In biology, a protein filament is a long chain of protein monomers, such as those found in hair, muscle, or in flagella. Protein filaments form together to make the cytoskeleton of the cell. They are often bundled together to provide support, strength, and rigidity to the cell. When the filaments are packed up together, they are able to form three different cellular parts. The three major classes of protein filaments that make up the cytoskeleton include: actin filaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments. Cellular types Microfilaments Compared to the other parts of the cytoskeletons, the microfilaments contain the thinnest filaments, with a diameter of approximately 7 nm. Microfilaments are part of the cytoskeleton that are composed of protein called actin. Two strands of actin intertwined together form a filamentous structure allowing for the movement of motor proteins. Microfilaments can either occur in the monomeric G-actin or filamentous F-actin. Microfilamen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stamen
The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filament and an anther which contains ''sporangium, microsporangia''. Most commonly anthers are two-lobed and are attached to the filament either at the base or in the middle area of the anther. The sterile tissue between the lobes is called the connective, an extension of the filament containing conducting strands. It can be seen as an extension on the dorsal side of the anther. A pollen grain develops from a microspore in the microsporangium and contains the male gametophyte. The stamens in a flower are collectively called the androecium. The androecium can consist of as few as one-half stamen (i.e. a single locule) as in ''Canna (plant), Canna'' species or as many as 3,482 stamens which have been counted in the saguaro (''Carnegiea gigantea'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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