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Fida'i
"" ( ar, فدائي ; lit. " Fedayeen warrior"), is the national anthem of Palestine. History The anthem was adopted by the Palestinian Liberation Organization in 1996, in accordance with Article 31 of the Palestinian Declaration of Independence from 1988. It replaced "Mawtini". It was written by Said Al Muzayin (a.k.a. Fata Al Thawra, "boy of the revolution"), while its music was composed by Egyptian maestro Ali Ismael. It was known as the "anthem of the Palestinian redemption". Lyrics The word is the Arabic plural of , which means "sacrifice" / "one who sacrifices himself" (a literal translation of might be "martyrs"), and it originally comes from Persia, where the first band of fedayeen (also famous as "Hashshashin") was formed by Hassan-i Sabbah. The Palestinian fedayeen (from the Arabic , plural , ) are militants or guerrillas of a nationalist orientation from among the Palestinian people. Most Palestinians consider the fedayeen to be "freedom fighters". See also * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Said Al Muzayin
Said Al Muzayin (1935 – 29 March 1991) (Arabic: سعيد المزين) was a prominent Palestinian poet who wrote the lyrics of the Palestinian national anthem.Bishara, A. (2022). Crossing a Line: Laws, Violence, and Roadblocks to Palestinian Political Expression. United States: Stanford University Press. Early life and education Al Muyazin was born in 1935 in Ashdod, Mandatory Palestine, where he was also educated. In 1948, after the Nakba, he migrated to the Gaza Strip. Career In Gaza, he operated a printing press, and was arrested by Israelis, before taking part in the early resistance movement in 1956. He later worked as a history teacher, moving in 1957 to Saudi Arabia to teach there. In 1959, he flew to Damascus to work in the Palestinian Liberation Organisation. From 1973 to 1978, he was representative of the Palestinian National Liberation Movement in Saudi Arabia. At an unknown date he wrote the lyrics of "", a song set to music by the composer Ali Ismael that i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mawtini
"" ( ar, موطني, lit=My Homeland) is the national anthem of Iraq, being adopted as such in 2004. The song formerly served as an unofficial anthem of Palestine from the late 1930s Palestinian Arab revolt to 1996, when the country formally adopted an official national anthem. Though it has since been superseded by an official national anthem there, many Palestinians still identify strongly with it and consider it a sort of unofficial second national anthem of their country. It is considered one of the Arab national anthems. History It is a popular poem written by the Palestinian poet ʾIbrāhīm Ṭūqān c. 1934 and composed by the Lebanese composer Muḥammid Flayfil. It served as Palestine's ''de facto'' national anthem from its inception to 1996 when it was officially replaced by " Fidā'ī". However, many Palestinians still identify with it along with "Fida'i" and consider the former a sort of unofficial second national anthem of their country. In 2004, it was r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mawtini (Ibrahim Tuqan Song)
"" ( ar, موطني, lit=My Homeland) is the national anthem of Iraq, being adopted as such in 2004. The song formerly served as an unofficial anthem of State of Palestine, Palestine from the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine, late 1930s Palestinian Arab revolt to 1996, when the country formally adopted an official national anthem. Though it has since been superseded by Fida'i, an official national anthem there, many Palestinians still identify strongly with it and consider it a sort of unofficial second national anthem of their country. It is considered one of the Arab nationalism, Arab national anthems. History It is a popular poem written by the Palestinian poetry, Palestinian poet Ibrahim Tuqan, ʾIbrāhīm Ṭūqān c. 1934 and composed by the Lebanese composer Mohammed Flayfel, Muḥammid Flayfil. It served as Palestine's ''de facto'' national anthem from its inception to 1996 when it was officially replaced by "Fida'i, Fidā'ī". However, many Palestinians still ide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Ismael
Ali Ismael ( ar, علي إسماعيل, December 28, 1922 – June 16, 1974) was an Egyptian musician and composer, he is famous for his Egyptian patriotic songs especially his mega-hit "Rayheen Fe Edina Selah". He also wrote the music for '' Fida'i'', a song with lyrics by Said Al Muzayin that in 1996 was made the Palestinian National Anthem by the PLO. His compositions are used in over 350 Egyptian movies; he died in Cairo Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the Arab world and the Middle East: The Greater Cairo metro .... See the documentary filmAli Ismael: Egypt’s Musical Maestro Regional work Ali is also the composer of the Palestinian national anthem. Egyptian composers Egyptian musicians 1922 births 1974 deaths 20th-century composers National anthem writers {{Composer-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Anthems
Most nation states have an anthem, defined as "a song, as of praise, devotion, or patriotism"; most anthems are either marches or hymns in style. A song or hymn can become a national anthem under the state's constitution, by a law enacted by its legislature, or simply by tradition. A royal anthem is a patriotic song similar to a national anthem, but it specifically praises or prays for a monarch or royal dynasty. Such anthems are usually performed at public appearances by the monarch or during other events of royal importance. Some states use their royal anthem as the national anthem, such as the state anthem of Jordan. There are multiple claimants to the position of oldest national anthem. Among the national anthems, the first to be composed was the Dutch national anthem, the "Wilhelmus", which was written between 1568 and 1572. This has both Dutch and English language versions and is unusual in being an acrostic in both languages. The Japanese anthem, "Kimigayo", employs the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Of Palestine
Palestine ( ar, فلسطين, Filasṭīn), Legal status of the State of Palestine, officially the State of Palestine ( ar, دولة فلسطين, Dawlat Filasṭīn, label=none), is a state (polity), state located in Western Asia. Officially governed by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), it claims the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip as its territory, though the entirety of that territory has been Israeli-occupied territories, occupied by Israel since the 1967 Six-Day War. As a result of the Oslo Accords of 1993–1995, the West Bank is currently divided into 165 Palestinian enclaves that are under partial Palestinian National Authority (PNA) rule; the remainder, including 200 Israeli settlement, Israeli settlements, is under Area C (West Bank), full Israeli control. The Gaza Strip has been ruled by the militant Islamic group Hamas and has been subject to Blockade of the Gaza Strip, a long-term blockade by Egypt and Israel since 2007. After W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palestinian Liberation Organization
The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO; ar, منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية, ') is a Palestinian nationalist political and militant organization founded in 1964 with the initial purpose of establishing Arab unity and statehood over the territory of former Mandatory Palestine, in opposition to the State of Israel. In 1993, alongside the Oslo I Accord, the PLO's aspiration for Arab statehood was revised to be specifically for the Palestinian territories under an Israeli occupation since the 1967 Arab–Israeli War. It is headquartered in the city of Al-Bireh in the West Bank, and is recognized as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people by over 100 countries that it has diplomatic relations with. Madiha Rashid Al-Madfai, ''Jordan, the United States and the Middle East Peace Process, 1974–1991'', Cambridge Middle East Library, Cambridge University Press (1993). . p. 21:"On 28 October 1974, the seventh Arab summit conference held in Ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fedayeen
Fedayeen ( ar, فِدائيّين ''fidāʼīyīn'' "self-sacrificers") is an Arabic term used to refer to various military groups willing to sacrifice themselves for a larger campaign. Etymology The term ''fedayi'' is derived from Arabic: ''fidā'īyūn'' , literally meaning: "those who sacrifice themselves". Per country Armenia Armenian fedayi groups acted as irregular militia troops to defend their lands during the Hamidian massacres and the CUP's genocidal policies. Egypt During the 1940s, groups of Egyptian civilians formed ''fedayeen'' groups to contest the British occupation of Egypt, which by then was limited to the region against the Suez Canal. The British Army had established numerous military outposts around the canal zone, which many Egyptians viewed as a violation of their national sovereignty. This opposition was not supported by the Egyptian government, though these ''fedayeen'' groups held broad support among the general public in Egypt. In 1951 "mobs o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hashshashin
The Order of Assassins or simply the Assassins ( fa, حَشّاشین, Ḥaššāšīn, ) were a Nizārī Ismāʿīlī order and sect of Shīʿa Islam that existed between 1090 and 1275 CE. During that time, they lived in the mountains of Persia and in Syria, and held a strict subterfuge policy throughout the Middle East through the covert murder of Muslim and Christian leaders who were considered enemies of the Nizārī Ismāʿīlī State. The modern term assassination is believed to stem from the tactics used by the Assassins. Nizārī Ismāʿīlīsm formed in the late 11th century after a succession crisis within the Fatimid Caliphate between Nizār ibn al-Mustanṣir and his half-brother, caliph al-Musta‘lī. Contemporaneous historians include Arabs ibn al-Qalanisi and Ali ibn al-Athir, and the Persian Ata-Malik Juvayni. The first two referred to the Assassins as ''batiniyya'', an epithet widely accepted by Ismāʿīlīs themselves. Overview The Nizari Isma'il ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palestinian Declaration Of Independence
The Palestinian Declaration of Independence formally established the State of Palestine, and was written by Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish and proclaimed by Yasser Arafat on 15 November 1988 (5 Rabiʽ al-Thani 1409) in Algiers, Algeria. It had previously been adopted by the Palestinian National Council (PNC), the legislative body of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), by a vote of 253 in favour, 46 against, and 10 abstaining. It was read at the closing session of the 19th PNC to a standing ovation.Sayigh, 1999, p. 624. Upon completing the reading of the declaration, Arafat, as Chairman of the PLO, assumed the title of "President of Palestine."Silverburg, 2002, p. 198. In April 1989, the PLO Central Council elected Arafat as the first President of the State of Palestine.Tom Lansford''Political Handbook of the World 2014'' p. 1628. CQ Press, March 2014. "On April 2, 1989, the PLO's Central Council unanimously elected Arafat president of the self-proclaimed Palestinian st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Anthem
A national anthem is a patriotic musical composition symbolizing and evoking eulogies of the history and traditions of a country or nation. The majority of national anthems are marches or hymns in style. American, Central Asian, and European nations tend towards more ornate and operatic pieces, while those in the Middle East, Oceania, Africa, and the Caribbean use a more simplistic fanfare. Some countries that are devolved into multiple constituent states have their own official musical compositions for them (such as with the United Kingdom, Russia, and the former Soviet Union); their constituencies' songs are sometimes referred to as national anthems even though they are not sovereign states. History In the early modern period, some European monarchies adopted royal anthems. Some of these anthems have survived into current use. "God Save the King/Queen", first performed in 1619, remains the royal anthem of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth realms. , adopted as th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston, 2011. Having emerged in the 1st century, it is named after the Arabs, Arab people; the term "Arab" was initially used to describe those living in the Arabian Peninsula, as perceived by geographers from ancient Greece. Since the 7th century, Arabic has been characterized by diglossia, with an opposition between a standard Prestige (sociolinguistics), prestige language—i.e., Literary Arabic: Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) or Classical Arabic—and diverse vernacular varieties, which serve as First language, mother tongues. Colloquial dialects vary significantly from MSA, impeding mutual intelligibility. MSA is only acquired through formal education and is not spoken natively. It is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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