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Fabula Togata
A ''fabula togata'' is a Latin comedy in a Roman setting, in existence since at least the second century BC. Lucius Afranius and Titus Quinctius Atta are known to have written ''fabulas togatas''. It is also treated as an expression that functioned as the overall description of all Roman types of drama in accordance with a distinction between Roman ''toga'' and ''pallium''. There are recorded sources that cite how this drama could be obscene and moralistic. By mid-second century BC the ''fabula togata'' had become one of the two types of drama that constituted a bifurcated Roman comedy along with ''fabula palliata''. The ''fabula togata'' was distinguished from the ''palliata'' primarily by its use of Roman or Italian characters, transferring the comic situations of the bourgeois ''palliata'' to the lower-class citizens of the country towns of Italy. The ''palliata'' was based on originals of Greek New Comedy, tragedies from Attic sources as well as the grand dramatization of Rom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucius Afranius (poet)
Lucius Afranius was an ancient Roman comic poet, who lived at the beginning of the 1st century BC. Life Afranius' comedies described Roman scenes and manners (the genre called ''comoediae togatae'') and the subjects were mostly taken from the life of the lower classes (''comoediae tabernariae''). They were considered by some ancients to be frequently polluted with disgraceful amours, which, according to Quintilian, were only a representation of the conduct of Afranius. He depicted, however, Roman life with such accuracy that he is classed with Menander, from whom indeed he borrowed largely. He imitated the style of Gaius Titius, and his language is praised by Cicero. His comedies are spoken of in the highest terms by the ancient writers, and under the Empire they not only continued to be read, but were even acted, of which an example occurs in the time of Nero. They seem to have been well known even at the latter end of the 4th century AD. Quintilian's judgement The Spanish-R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titus Quinctius Atta
Titus Quinctius Atta (died 77 BC) was a Roman comedy writer, and, like Titinius Titinius was an ancient Roman soldier. He was a centurion in the army of Gaius Cassius Longinus at the battle of Phillipi. After the battle was over, he was sent by Cassius to find out what had happened to the legions commanded by Marcus Junius Bru ... and Afranius, was distinguished as a writer of '' fabulae togatae'', national comedies. Works He had the reputation of being a vivid delineator of character, especially female. He also seems to have published a collection of epigrams. The scanty fragments contain many archaisms, but are lively in style. According to Horace (''Epistles'', ii 1. 79), the plays of Atta were still put on the stage in his lifetime. Surviving titles and fragments We only have the titles (and associated fragments) of twelve of Atta's plays. References Attribution: * Endnotes: ** Aulus Gellius vii. 9 **Fragments in Neukirch, ''De fabula togata 18 manorum'' (1833) ** Otto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toga
The toga (, ), a distinctive garment of ancient Rome, was a roughly semicircular cloth, between in length, draped over the shoulders and around the body. It was usually woven from white wool, and was worn over a tunic. In Roman historical tradition, it is said to have been the favored dress of Romulus, Rome's founder; it was also thought to have originally been worn by both sexes, and by the citizen-military. As Roman women gradually adopted the stola, the toga was recognized as formal wear for male Roman citizens. Women engaged in prostitution might have provided the main exception to this rule.. The type of toga worn reflected a citizen's rank in the civil hierarchy. Various laws and customs restricted its use to citizens, who were required to wear it for public festivals and civic duties. From its probable beginnings as a simple, practical work-garment, the toga became more voluminous, complex, and costly, increasingly unsuited to anything but formal and ceremonial us ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pallium (Roman Cloak)
The ''pallium'' was a Roman cloak. It was similar in form to the ''palla'', which had been worn by respectable Roman women since the mid-Republican era. It was a rectangular length of cloth, as was the ''himation'' in ancient Greece. It was usually made from wool or flax, but for the higher classes it could be made of silk with the use of gold threads and embroideries. The garment varied in fineness, colour and ornament. It could be white, purple red (''purpurea'' from murex), black, yellow, blue, pale green, etc. The ''pallium'' was originally considered to be exclusively Greek and despised by Romans, but was favoured by ordinary people, philosophers, and pedagogues. Tertullian thought it the most appropriate garment for philosophers and Christians. It is not to be confused w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fabula Palliata
''Fabula palliata'' is a genre of Roman drama that consists largely of Romanized versions of Greek plays.''OCD'', sv. palliata The name ''palliata'' comes from ''pallium'', the Latin word for a Greek-style cloak. It is possible that the term ''fabula palliata'' indicates that the actors who performed wore such cloaks. Another possibility is that the ''fabula'' itself is metaphorically "cloaked" in a Greek style.''OCD'', sv palliata As in all Roman drama, the actors wore masks that easily identified which of the stock characters they represented. Style The only complete, extant ''fabulae palliatae'' are the comedies of Terence and Plautus. Plautus introduced Roman manners and customs to the plays and filled the plays with boisterous humour and musical performances, while Terence kept his plays close to their Greek originals and sometimes combined two plays into one. Consequently, a common misconception is that the genre is inherently comedic. In fact, any Roman play that is based o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Comedy
Ancient Greek comedy was one of the final three principal dramatic forms in the theatre of classical Greece (the others being tragedy and the satyr play). Athenian comedy is conventionally divided into three periods: Old Comedy, Middle Comedy, and New Comedy. Old Comedy survives today largely in the form of the eleven surviving plays of Aristophanes; Middle Comedy is largely lost, i.e. preserved only in relatively short fragments by authors such as Athenaeus of Naucratis; and New Comedy is known primarily from the substantial papyrus fragments of Menander. The philosopher Aristotle wrote in his ''Poetics'' (c. 335 BC) that comedy is a representation of laughable people and involves some kind of blunder or ugliness which does not cause pain or disaster. C. A. Trypanis wrote that comedy is the last of the great species of poetry Greece gave to the world. Periods The Alexandrine grammarians, and most likely Aristophanes of Byzantium in particular, seem to have been the first to d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Attica
Attica ( el, Αττική, Ancient Greek ''Attikḗ'' or , or ), or the Attic Peninsula, is a historical region that encompasses the city of Athens, the capital of Greece and its countryside. It is a peninsula projecting into the Aegean Sea, bordering on Boeotia to the north and Megaris to the west. The southern tip of the peninsula, known as Laurion, was an important mining region. The history of Attica is tightly linked with that of Athens, and specifically the Golden Age of Athens during the classical period. Ancient Attica ( Athens city-state) was divided into demoi or municipalities from the reform of Cleisthenes in 508/7 BC, grouped into three zones: urban (''astu'') in the region of Athens main city and Piraeus (port of Athens), coastal (''paralia'') along the coastline and inland (''mesogeia'') in the interior. The modern administrative region of Attica is more extensive than the historical region and includes Megaris as part of the regional unit West Attica, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fabula Atellana
The Atellan Farce (Latin: ''Atellanae Fabulae'' or ''Fabulae Atellanae'', "favola atellana"; ''Atellanicum exhodium'', "Atella comedies"), also known as the Oscan Games (Latin: ''ludi Osci'', "Oscan plays"), were masked improvised farces in Ancient Rome. The Oscan athletic games were very popular, and usually preceded by longer pantomime plays. The origin of the Atellan Farce is uncertain, but the farces are similar to other forms of ancient theatre such as the South Italian Phlyakes, the plays of Plautus and Terence, and Roman mime. Most historians believe the name is derived from Atella, an Oscan town in Campania. The farces were written in Oscan and imported to Rome in 391 BC. In later Roman versions, only the ridiculous characters speak their lines in Oscan, while the others speak in Latin. History and surviving evidence The Atellan Farce was a masked farce that originated in Italy by 300 B.C.and remained popular for more than 500 years. Originally, the farces were improvised ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fabula Crepidata
A ''fabula crepidata'' or ''fabula cothurnata'' is a Latin tragedy with Greek subjects. The genre probably originated in adaptations of Greek tragedy (hence the names, coming from ''crepida'' = ''sandal'' and ''cothurnus'') beginning in the early third century BC. Only nine have survived intact, all by Seneca. Of the plays written by Lucius Livius Andronicus, Gnaeus Naevius, Quintus Ennius, Marcus Pacuvius, Lucius Accius, and others, only titles, small fragments, and occasionally brief summaries are left. Ovid's ''Medea'' also did not survive. See also *''Fabula atellana'' *''Fabula palliata'' *''Fabula praetexta'' *''Fabula saltata'' *''Fabula togata'' *Theatre of ancient Rome The architectural form of theatre in Rome has been linked to later, more well-known examples from the 1st century BC to the 3rd Century AD. The theatre of ancient Rome referred to as a period of time in which theatrical practice and performance t ... Sources * Bernhard Zimmermann and Thomas Baier "Traged ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fabula Palliata
''Fabula palliata'' is a genre of Roman drama that consists largely of Romanized versions of Greek plays.''OCD'', sv. palliata The name ''palliata'' comes from ''pallium'', the Latin word for a Greek-style cloak. It is possible that the term ''fabula palliata'' indicates that the actors who performed wore such cloaks. Another possibility is that the ''fabula'' itself is metaphorically "cloaked" in a Greek style.''OCD'', sv palliata As in all Roman drama, the actors wore masks that easily identified which of the stock characters they represented. Style The only complete, extant ''fabulae palliatae'' are the comedies of Terence and Plautus. Plautus introduced Roman manners and customs to the plays and filled the plays with boisterous humour and musical performances, while Terence kept his plays close to their Greek originals and sometimes combined two plays into one. Consequently, a common misconception is that the genre is inherently comedic. In fact, any Roman play that is based o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fabula Praetexta
The ''praetexta'' or ''fabula praetexta'' was a genre of Latin tragedy introduced at Rome by Gnaeus Naevius in the third century BC. It dealt with historical Roman figures, in place of the conventional Greek myths. Subsequent writers of ''praetextae'' included Ennius, Pacuvius and Lucius Accius. The name refers to the ''toga praetexta'', purple striped, that was the official dress of Roman magistrates and priests. It was mainly a Roman garment. The ''toga praetexta'' was also worn by Roman freeborn girls before they came of age. All Roman Republican tragedies are now lost. From the Imperial era only one play has survived, the ''Octavia''. See also *''Fabula atellana'' *''Fabula crepidata'' *''Fabula palliata'' *''Fabula saltata'' *''Fabula togata'' *Theatre of ancient Rome The architectural form of theatre in Rome has been linked to later, more well-known examples from the 1st century BC to the 3rd Century AD. The theatre of ancient Rome referred to as a period of time in whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fabula Saltata
Pantomime (; informally panto) is a type of musical comedy stage production designed for family entertainment. It was developed in England and is performed throughout the United Kingdom, Ireland and (to a lesser extent) in other English-speaking countries, especially during the Christmas and New Year season. Modern pantomime includes songs, gags, slapstick comedy and dancing. It employs gender-crossing actors and combines topical humour with a story more or less based on a well-known fairy tale, fable or folk tale.Reid-Walsh, Jacqueline. "Pantomime", ''The Oxford Encyclopedia of Children's Literature'', Jack Zipes (ed.), Oxford University Press (2006), Pantomime is a participatory form of theatre, in which the audience is encouraged and expected to sing along with certain parts of the music and shout out phrases to the performers. Pantomime has a long theatrical history in Western culture dating back to the era of classical theatre. It developed partly from the 16th century com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
