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Faba Bean Necrotic Yellows Virus
Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV) is a Nanovirus disease of legumes. Range Algeria, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen, Spain and Balearic Islands. Genome FBNYV is one of the circular Rep-encoding ssDNA viruses, and so shares the characteristics of circular genome, replication initiation by Rep proteins, ssDNA composition. Replication is presumed to occur through the rolling circle replication (RCR) process. Vega-Rocha et al. 2007 disclose the structure of the FBNYV Rep's HUH endonuclease domain. Virulence factors FBNYV produces the small protein which binds to SKP1 and Prb proteins in plants. Timchenko et al. 2006 demonstrate that Clink is not necessary to produce symptoms in ''Vicia faba'' in laboratory conditions. However they do find it to be highly conserved, 98% of successfully infected plants testing positive for Clink DNA. Timchenko conclude it must be favourab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nanovirus
''Nanovirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Nanoviridae''. Legume plants serve as natural hosts. There are 11 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: stunting, severe necrosis and early plant death. Taxonomy The following 11 species are assigned to the genus: *''Black medic leaf roll virus'' *''Cow vetch latent virus'' *''Faba bean necrotic stunt virus'' *''Faba bean necrotic yellows virus'' *''Faba bean yellow leaf virus'' *'' Milk vetch dwarf virus'' *'' Parsley severe stunt associated virus'' *'' Pea necrotic yellow dwarf virus'' *'' Pea yellow stunt virus'' *'' Sophora yellow stunt virus'' *''Subterranean clover stunt virus Subterranean(s) or The Subterranean(s) may refer to: * Subterranea (geography), underground structures, both natural and man-made Literature * Subterranean (novel), ''Subterranean'' (novel), a 1998 novel by James Rollins * ''Subterranean Magaz ...'' Structure and genome Virions in the genus ''Nanovirus'' are no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pakistan
Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 243 million people, and has the world's Islam by country#Countries, second-largest Muslim population just behind Indonesia. Pakistan is the List of countries and dependencies by area, 33rd-largest country in the world by area and 2nd largest in South Asia, spanning . It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south, and is bordered by India to India–Pakistan border, the east, Afghanistan to Durand Line, the west, Iran to Iran–Pakistan border, the southwest, and China to China–Pakistan border, the northeast. It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a maritime border with Oman. Islamabad is the nation's capital, while Karachi is its largest city and fina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nature Portfolio
Nature Portfolio (formerly known as Nature Publishing Group and Nature Research) is a division of the international scientific publishing company Springer Nature that publishes academic journals, magazines, online databases, and services in science and medicine. Nature Research's flagship publication is ''Nature'', a weekly multidisciplinary journal first published in 1869. It also publishes the ''Nature-''titled research journals, ''Nature Reviews'' journals (since 2000), society-owned academic journals, and a range of open access journals, including '' Scientific Reports'' and ''Nature Communications''. Springer Nature also publishes ''Scientific American'' in 16 languages, a magazine intended for the general public. In 2013, prior to the merger with Springer and the creation of Springer Nature, Nature Publishing Group's owner, Holtzbrinck Publishing Group, bought a controlling stake in Frontiers. Before Springer Nature was formed in 2015, Nature Research (as the Nature Publi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nature Reviews Microbiology
''Nature Reviews Microbiology'' is a monthly peer-reviewed review journal published by Nature Portfolio. It was established in 2003. The journal publishes reviews and perspectives on microbiology, bridging fundamental research and its clinical, industrial, and environmental applications. The editor-in-chief is Ashley York. Abstracting and indexing This journal is indexed and abstracted by the following databases: *BIOSIS Previews *Current Contents/Life Sciences *Science Citation Index *Medline *PubMed *Index Medicus Other services that index this journal are: * Scopus , Academic Search Premier , Biotechnology Research Abstracts , CAB Abstracts , Chemical Abstracts Service, and EMBASE. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2021 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the las ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HUH-tag
HUH endonucleases (HUH-tags) are sequence-specific single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding proteins originating from numerous species of bacteria and viruses. Viral HUH endonucleases are involved in initiating rolling circle replication while ones of bacterial origin initiate bacterial conjugation. In biotechnology, they can be used to create protein-DNA linkages, akin to other methods such as SNAP-tag. In doing so, they create a 5' covalent bond between the ssDNA and the protein. HUH endonucleases can be fused with other proteins or used as protein tags. Types of HUH endonucleases HUH endonucleases are broadly split into two categories of enzymes: replication initiator proteins (Rep) or relaxase / mobilization proteins. They both contain small protein domains that recognize sequence-specific origins of replication or origin of transfer at which site they nick DNA. The nicking domain of Reps tend to be smaller, on the order of 10-20 kDa while nicking domains from relaxases are lar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rolling Circle Replication
Rolling circle replication (RCR) is a process of unidirectional nucleic acid replication that can rapidly synthesize multiple copies of circular molecules of DNA or RNA, such as plasmids, the genomes of bacteriophages, and the circular RNA genome of viroids. Some eukaryotic viruses also replicate their DNA or RNA via the rolling circle mechanism. As a simplified version of natural rolling circle replication, an isothermal DNA amplification technique, rolling circle amplification was developed. The RCA mechanism is widely used in molecular biology and biomedical nanotechnology, especially in the field of biosensing (as a method of signal amplification). Circular DNA replication Rolling circle DNA replication is initiated by an initiator protein encoded by the plasmid or bacteriophage DNA, which nicks one strand of the double-stranded, circular DNA molecule at a site called the double-strand origin, or DSO. The initiator protein remains bound to the 5' phosphate end of the ni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rep Protein
Rep, REP, or a variant may refer to: As a word * Rep (fabric), a ribbed woven fabric made from various materials * ''Rep'' (TV series), a 1982 British comedy series * ''The Rep'', an entertainment guide published by the ''Arizona Republic'' 1997–2006 * Johnny Rep (born 1951), Dutch footballer Abbreviation and acronyms * Reasonable expectation of privacy, a legal test in US constitutional law * Rede dos Emissores Portugueses, an amateur radio organization in Portugal * Régiment Étranger de Parachutistes, or 1st Foreign Parachute Regiment, a French Foreign Legion unit * Remedial education program, a type of instructional program * Repertory theatre * Repertory Philippines * Repetition (other) * Representative (other) * Republic * Republicans for Environmental Protection, a US Republican Party organization * Reputation * ''Resident Evil Portable'', a video game for the PlayStation Portable in the ''Resident Evil'' franchise * Retail Electricity Provider, in el ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circular Genome
DNA supercoiling refers to the amount of twist in a particular DNA strand, which determines the amount of strain on it. A given strand may be "positively supercoiled" or "negatively supercoiled" (more or less tightly wound). The amount of a strand’s supercoiling affects a number of biological processes, such as compacting DNA and regulating access to the genetic code (which strongly affects DNA metabolism and possibly gene expression). Certain enzymes, such as topoisomerases, change the amount of DNA supercoiling to facilitate functions such as DNA replication and transcription. The amount of supercoiling in a given strand is described by a mathematical formula that compares it to a reference state known as "relaxed B-form" DNA. Overview In a "relaxed" double-helical segment of B-DNA, the two strands twist around the helical axis once every 10.4–10.5 base pairs of sequence. Adding or subtracting twists, as some enzymes do, imposes strain. If a DNA segment under twist s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circular Rep-encoding SsDNA Viruses
''Monodnaviria'' is a realm of viruses that includes all single-stranded DNA viruses that encode an endonuclease of the HUH superfamily that initiates rolling circle replication of the circular viral genome. Viruses descended from such viruses are also included in the realm, including certain linear single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses and circular double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses. These atypical members typically replicate through means other than rolling circle replication. ''Monodnaviria'' was established in 2019 and contains four kingdoms: ''Loebvirae'', ''Sangervirae'', ''Trapavirae'', and ''Shotokuvirae''. Viruses in the first three kingdoms infect prokaryotes, and viruses in ''Shotokuvirae'' infect eukaryotes and include the atypical members of the realm. Viruses in ''Monodnaviria'' appear to have come into existence independently multiple times from circular bacterial and archaeal plasmids that encode the HUH endonuclease. Eukaryotic viruses in the realm appear to have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balearic Islands
The Balearic Islands ( es, Islas Baleares ; or ca, Illes Balears ) are an archipelago in the Balearic Sea, near the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula. The archipelago is an autonomous community and a province of Spain; its capital is Palma. The 2007 Statute of Autonomy designates the Balearic Islands as one of the ''nationalities'' of Spain. The official languages of the Balearic Islands are Catalan and Spanish. Its four largest islands are Mallorca, Menorca, Ibiza, and Formentera. Many of its minor islands and islets are close to the larger islands, including Cabrera, Dragonera, and S'Espalmador. The islands have a Mediterranean climate, and the four major islands are all popular tourist destinations. Ibiza, in particular, is known as an international party destination, attracting many of the world's most popular DJs to its nightclubs. The islands' culture and cuisine are similar to those of the rest of Spain but have their own distinctive features. Etymology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Madrid , coordinates = , largest_city = Madrid , languages_type = Official language , languages = Spanish language, Spanish , ethnic_groups = , ethnic_groups_year = , ethnic_groups_ref = , religion = , religion_ref = , religion_year = 2020 , demonym = , government_type = Unitary state, Unitary Parliamentary system, parliamentary constitutional monarchy , leader_title1 = Monarchy of Spain, Monarch , leader_name1 = Felipe VI , leader_title2 = Prime Minister of Spain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
