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Ernest Michaud
Ernest François Michaud (5 December 1884 – 8 August 1939) was a French trade union leader. Born in Breloux-la-Crèche, Michaud trained as a carpenter, then found work on the railways. In 1910, he joined the local railway workers' union, becoming its assistant secretary in 1911. In 1913, he moved to Paris, to work on the railways there, and in 1915, he became the secretary of the Parisian railway workers' union. In 1918, he became the administrator of the railway workers' orphanage. In 1920, Michaud was sacked for taking part in a strike. He instead found work as the town hall secretary in Gassicourt. This led him to join the National Federation of Public Service Employees and Workers, and in 1925, he was elected as its full-time general secretary. From 1927 until 1937, Michaud served on the National Economic Council. In 1932, he stood unsuccessfully for the French Section of the Workers' International in the 3rd district of the 11th arrondissement of Paris. In 1933, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French People
The French people (french: Français) are an ethnic group and nation primarily located in Western Europe that share a common French culture, history, and language, identified with the country of France. The French people, especially the native speakers of langues d'oïl from northern and central France, are primarily the descendants of Gauls (including the Belgae) and Romans (or Gallo-Romans, western European Celtic and Italic peoples), as well as Germanic peoples such as the Franks, the Visigoths, the Suebi and the Burgundians who settled in Gaul from east of the Rhine after the fall of the Roman Empire, as well as various later waves of lower-level irregular migration that have continued to the present day. The Norse also settled in Normandy in the 10th century and contributed significantly to the ancestry of the Normans. Furthermore, regional ethnic minorities also exist within France that have distinct lineages, languages and cultures such as Bretons in Brittany, Occi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mantes-la-Jolie
Mantes-la-Jolie (, often informally called Mantes) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region of north-central France. It is located to the west of Paris, from the centre of the capital. Mantes-la-Jolie is a subprefecture; in 2016, it had a population of 44,231. History Mantes was halfway between the centres of power of the dukes of Normandy at Rouen and the Kings of France at Paris. Along with most of northern France, it changed hands frequently in the Hundred Years' War. Philip Augustus died at Mantes, 14 July 1223. Louis XIV instituted the manufacture of musical instruments in Mantes, and it was chosen as the centre of brass and woodwind instrument manufacture. In the 19th century, painters were attracted to the town, particularly Corot, whose paintings of the bridge and the cathedral are celebrated. Prokofiev spent the summer of 1920 there orchestrating the ballet '' Chout''. Originally officially called Mantes-sur-Seine (meaning "Mantes upon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Section Of The Workers' International
The French Section of the Workers' International (french: Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière, SFIO) was a political party in France that was founded in 1905 and succeeded in 1969 by the modern-day Socialist Party. The SFIO was founded during the 1905 Globe Congress in Paris as a merger between the French Socialist Party and the Socialist Party of France in order to create the French section of the Second International, designated as the party of the workers' movement. The SFIO was led by Jules Guesde, Jean Jaurès (who quickly became its most influential figure), Édouard Vaillant and Paul Lafargue (Karl Marx's son in law), and united the Marxist tendency represented by Guesde with the social-democratic tendency represented by Jaurès. The SFIO opposed itself to colonialism and to militarism, although the party abandoned its anti-militarist views and supported the national union government (french: link=no, Union nationale) facing Germany's declaration of war on F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
11th Arrondissement Of Paris
The 11th arrondissement of Paris (''XIe arrondissement'') is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, this arrondissement is referred to as ''onzième''. The arrondissement, called Popincourt, is situated on the right bank of the River Seine. The arrondissement is one of the most densely populated urban districts of any European city. Description The eleventh arrondissement is a varied and engaging area. To the west lies the Place de la République, which is linked to the Place de la Bastille, in the east, by the sweeping, tree-lined Boulevard Richard-Lenoir, with its large markets and children's parks. The Place de la Bastille and the rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine are full of fashionable cafés, restaurants, and nightlife, and they also contain a range of boutiques and galleries. The Oberkampf district to the north is another popular area for nightlife. The east is more residential, with more wholesale commerce, while the areas around the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Federation Of Employees In Public Services
Public Services International (PSI) is the global union federation for workers in public services, including those who work in social services, health care, municipal services, central government and public utilities. , PSI has 700 affiliated trade unions from 154 countries representing over 30 million workers. History In March 1907, the executive of the German Union of Municipal and State Workers, based in Berlin, issued a call to "workers employed in municipal and state undertakings, in power stations, in gas and waterworks, in all countries" to attend an international conference in August 1907, in Stuttgart. Four Danes, two Dutchmen, eight Germans, a Hungarian, a Swede and a Swiss met in the Stuttgart trade union building for the First Congress of Public Services International, representing 44,479 workers, and they founded the International Secretariat of the Workers in Public Services. This grew rapidly, and by 1913 represented more than 100,000 workers, enabling a part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Federation Of Civil Servants
The International Federation of Civil Servants was a global union federation bringing together trade unions representing civil servants. History Two international conferences of unions of civil servants were organised by the Austrian Association of Public Employees, and held in Vienna in 1923 and 1924. These led to the establishment of the International Federation of Civil Servants and Teachers in 1925, with headquarters in Paris. In 1927, the International Federation of Trade Unions sponsored the creation of a new Teachers' International Trade Secretariat, and the unions of teachers decided to leave the International Federation of Civil Servants and Teachers, to join the new organisation. As a result, the federation shortened its name to the "International Federation of Civil Servants". In 1935, the federation merged into the International Federation of Employees in Public Services, which renamed itself as the "International Federation of Employees in Public and Civil Services". ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nice
Nice ( , ; Niçard: , classical norm, or , nonstandard, ; it, Nizza ; lij, Nissa; grc, Νίκαια; la, Nicaea) is the prefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes department in France. The Nice agglomeration extends far beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of nearly 1 millionDemographia: World Urban Areas , Demographia.com, April 2016 on an area of . Located on the , the southeastern coast of France on the , at the foot of the |
National Federation Of Public Services
The Public Services Federation (french: Fédération des services publics) is a trade union representing public sector workers in France. The union was founded on 6 December 1903 at a meeting in Bourges, held on the initiative of the General Confederation of Labour (CGT). It was initially named the National Federation of Municipal and Departmental Workers. By 1914, the union had 33 affiliates, with a total of 14,000 members. In 1919, it became the National Federation of Public Services, representing workers employed by municipal government. It suffered a major split in 1922, when the United General Confederation of Labour (CGTU) left the CGT, but it rejoined in 1936, giving the union 180,000 members. By 1946, the union had grown further, to 300,000 members. Annie Lacroix-Riz, ''La CGT de la Libération à la scission de 1944-1947'', éditions sociales, 1983, p.91 In 1948, the right wing of the union left to form the Federation of Public Service and Health Service Staff, aff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Laurent
Charles Louis Laurent (18 March 1879 – 10 July 1965) was a French trade union leader. From 1899, Laurent worked for the Deposits and Consignments Fund, eventually rising to become office manager. He became interested in trade unionism, and in 1908 he established a loose federation of civil servants. It had 140,000 on its launch, and 228,000 the following year. It led a strike in the postal service that year, and this convinced Laurent to reform the body as the more formal Civil Servants' Federation, becoming its general secretary. The federation was able to sustain its membership, around half of whom were schoolteachers. In 1913, Laurent launched a union journal. Although the federation was forced to stop operations at the start of World War I, Laurent revived it in 1917. From 1915 to 1918, he served as a captain in the army, but remained based in Paris. In 1920, Laurent took the federation into the General Confederation of Labour (CGT). In 1922, he was laid off f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1884 Births
Events January–March * January 4 – The Fabian Society is founded in London. * January 5 – Gilbert and Sullivan's ''Princess Ida'' premières at the Savoy Theatre, London. * January 18 – Dr. William Price attempts to cremate his dead baby son, Iesu Grist, in Wales. Later tried and acquitted on the grounds that cremation is not contrary to English law, he is thus able to carry out the ceremony (the first in the United Kingdom in modern times) on March 14, setting a legal precedent. * February 1 – ''A New English Dictionary on historical principles, part 1'' (edited by James A. H. Murray), the first fascicle of what will become ''The Oxford English Dictionary'', is published in England. * February 5 – Derby County Football Club is founded in England. * March 13 – The siege of Khartoum, Sudan, begins (ends on January 26, 1885). * March 28 – Prince Leopold, the youngest son and the eighth child of Queen Victoria and Pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1939 Deaths
This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 ** Third Reich *** Jews are forbidden to work with Germans. *** The Youth Protection Act was passed on April 30, 1938 and the Working Hours Regulations came into effect. *** The Jews name change decree has gone into effect. ** The rest of the world *** In Spain, it becomes a duty of all young women under 25 to complete compulsory work service for one year. *** First edition of the Vienna New Year's Concert. *** The company of technology and manufacturing scientific instruments Hewlett-Packard, was founded in a garage in Palo Alto, California, by William (Bill) Hewlett and David Packard. This garage is now considered the birthplace of Silicon Valley. *** Sydney, in Australia, records temperature of 45 ˚C, the highest record for the city. *** Philipp Etter took over as Swi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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