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Emilio Alonso Manglano
Emilio Alonso Manglano (Valencia, 13 April 1926 - Madrid, 8 July 2013) was a Spanish military officer who reached the rank of Lieutenant General. Of aristocratic origin and monarchist orientation, he headed the Spanish Intelligence Service, the Centro Superior de Información de la Defensa (CESID, later CNI), between 1981 and 1995. His main achievement was the transformation of the Francoist army into a democratic army. He also achieved the professionalisation of the intelligence services, allowing the entry of civilians and women, and the modernisation of the facilities with the creation of the Centre located in the A6, the headquarters of the CNI. Biography A son of Major General Luis Alonso de Orduña, he entered the General Military Academy on 24 July 1944, and was promoted in the following years. He graduated as number one of the 57th Army General Staff promotion. He participated in the Ifni War and was chief of staff of the Paratroopers Brigade. In 1981, following Tejero's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valencia
Valencia ( va, València) is the capital of the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Valencian Community, Valencia and the Municipalities of Spain, third-most populated municipality in Spain, with 791,413 inhabitants. It is also the capital of the Province of Valencia, province of the same name. The wider urban area also comprising the neighbouring municipalities has a population of around 1.6 million, constituting one of the List of coastal settlements of the Mediterranean Sea, major urban areas on the European side of the Mediterranean Sea. It is located on the banks of the Turia (river), Turia, on the east coast of the Iberian Peninsula, at the Gulf of Valencia, north of the Albufera lagoon. Valencia was founded as a Roman Republic, Roman colony in 138 BC. Al-Andalus, Islamic rule and acculturation ensued in the 8th century, together with the introduction of new irrigation systems and crops. Crown of Aragon, Aragonese Christian conquest took place in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madrid
Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), and its monocentric metropolitan area is the third-largest in the EU.United Nations Department of Economic and Social AffairWorld Urbanization Prospects (2007 revision), (United Nations, 2008), Table A.12. Data for 2007. The municipality covers geographical area. Madrid lies on the River Manzanares in the central part of the Iberian Peninsula. Capital city of both Spain (almost without interruption since 1561) and the surrounding autonomous community of Madrid (since 1983), it is also the political, economic and cultural centre of the country. The city is situated on an elevated plain about from the closest seaside location. The climate of Madrid features hot summers and cool winters. The Madrid urban agglomeration has the second-large ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lieutenant General
Lieutenant general (Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second-in-command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a captain general. In modern armies, lieutenant general normally ranks immediately below general and above major general; it is equivalent to the navy rank of vice admiral, and in air forces with a separate rank structure, it is equivalent to air marshal. A lieutenant general commands an army corps, made up of typically three army divisions, and consisting of around 60 000 to 70 000 soldiers (U.S.). The seeming incongruity that a lieutenant general outranks a major general (whereas a major outranks a lieutenant) is due to the derivation of major general from sergeant major general, which was a rank subordinate to lieutenant general (as a lieutenant outranks a sergeant major). In contrast, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centro Superior De Información De La Defensa
The Centro Superior de Información de la Defensa ( en, Superior Center of Defense Information; CESID) was the Spanish intelligence agency before the current Centro Nacional de Inteligencia (CNI) took over as its successor in 2002. History Following the dissolution of the Information Service and Military Police, ''Servicio de Información y Policía Militar (SIPM)'' at the end of the civil war, the intelligence organizations of the Francoist period were the Central Documentation Service, ''Servicio Central de Documentación (SECED)'', the Political-Social Brigade, ''Brigada Político-Social'' (BPS)—a special branch of the plainclothes corps later renamed ''Brigada de Investigación Social'' (BIS) (Social Investigation Brigade)—and the Intelligence Service of the Civil Guard. Keeping files on the rural and urban population of every part of Spain, these bodies carried on close surveillance and political intimidation on behalf of the Francoist government. But the most notab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Intelligence Centre (Spain)
The National Intelligence Centre ( es, Centro Nacional de Inteligencia, CNI) is the Spanish official intelligence agency, acting as both its foreign and domestic intelligence agency. Its headquarters are located next to the A-6 motorway near Madrid. The CNI is the successor of the Centro Superior de Información de la Defensa, the Higher Centre for Defence Intelligence. Its main target areas are North Africa and South America and it operates in more than 80 countries. CNI's official budget for 2021 is approximately 300 million euros (the CNI can get further resources from the classified funds). The Secretary of State-Director of the CNI is currently Esperanza Casteleiro. Goals and operation The centre's essential goal is to provide the Spanish Government all the necessary information to prevent and avoid any risk or menace that affects the independence or integrity of Spain, its national interests, institutions and rule of law. In the same way, the law states that the spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Military Academy
The General Military Academy (in Spanish: Academia General Militar) is a higher training center of the Spanish Army, responsible for the initial training for officers of the Arms and Corps of the Army, and for the officers of the Civil Guard. It is currently located in Zaragoza. History First era The General Military Academy was founded under the reign of Alfonso XII, on February 20, 1882. The first training center was located in Alcázar de Toledo. The first head of the Academy was the General Méndez ''The Great''. The Academy was dissolved in 1893, and later, the Armed Forces and Corps had their own separate training centers. Second era In 1927, during the reign of Alfonso XIII, and under the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera, the center was reestablished in Zaragoza. Primo de Rivera came to the conclusion that one of the reasons of the dissents between the Armed Forces on the promotion system based on seniority or merits of war was based on the lack of an academy in which all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ifni War
The Ifni War, sometimes called the Forgotten War in Spain (''la Guerra Olvidada''), was a series of armed incursions into Spanish West Africa by Moroccan insurgents that began in October 1957 and culminated with the abortive siege of Sidi Ifni. The war, which may be seen as part of the general movement of decolonization that swept Africa throughout the latter half of the 20th century, was conducted primarily by elements of the Moroccan Army of Liberation which, no longer tied down in conflicts with the French, committed a significant portion of its resources and manpower to gain independence from Spain. Causes The city of Sidi Ifni was incorporated into the Spanish Empire in 1860. The following decades of Franco-Spanish collaboration resulted in the establishment and extension of Spanish protectorates south of the city. Spanish influence obtained international recognition at the Berlin Conference of 1884. In 1946, the region's various coastal and inland colonies were cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paratroopers Brigade "Almogávares" VI
The Paratroopers Brigade "Almogávares" VI ( es, Brigada "Almogávares" VI de Paracaidistas - BOP PAC VI) is an :es:Brigada Orgánica Polivalente, Multipurpose Organic Brigade ( es, Brigada Orgánica Polivalente - BOP) of the Spanish Army assigned to the Division "San Marcial". The brigade is named after the Almogavars, a class of light infantry soldier originating in the Crown of Aragon in the latter phase of the Reconquista. The brigade was called the Paratroopers Light Infantry Brigade "Almogávares" VI es, Brigada de Infantería Ligera Paracaidista "Almogávares" VI until 2015. History Raised in 1953 as one of the most elite units of the Army, the brigade's battalions were named ''Bandera'' (Flag/lit. "banner" - an archaic 16th century term) as Spanish Legion personnel formed part of the brigade's first units. The unit's first combat jump took place on 25 November 1957 when 75 troopers landed in Tiliun from five Junkers Ju 52 transports during the Ifni War with Morocco. Form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
