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Extractive Industries
Extractivism is the process of extracting natural resources from the Earth to sell on the world market. It exists in an economy that depends primarily on the extraction or removal of natural resources that are considered valuable for exportation worldwide. Some examples of resources that are obtained through extraction include gold, diamonds, lumber and oil. This economic model has become popular in many Latin American countries but is becoming increasingly prominent in other regions as well. Many factors are involved in the process of extractivism. These include but are not limited to community members, transnational corporations (TNCs) and the government. Trends have demonstrated that countries do not often extract their own resources; extraction is often led from abroad. These interactions have contributed to extractivism being rooted in the hegemonic order of global capitalism. Extractivism is controversial because it exists at the intersection where economic growth and environ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mirny In Yakutia
Mirny (masculine), Mirnaya (feminine), or Mirnoye (neuter) may refer to: People * Max Mirnyi (''Mirny'') (b. 1977), Belarusian tennis player Fictional characters * Mirny, a character in ''Alpha Scorpio'', an Australian children's sci-fi series Places * Mirny Urban Okrug, a municipal formation which the town of oblast significance of Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia is incorporated as * Mirny Urban Settlement, several municipal urban settlements in Russia * Mirny, Russia (''Mirnaya'', ''Mirnoye''), several inhabited localities in Russia *Mirny, Maykopsky District, Republic of Adygea * Myrnyi (''Mirny''), an urban-type settlement in Crimea * Mirny Airport, an airport in the Sakha Republic, Russia * Mirnyy Peak (''Mirny''), a peak in the north of Rothschild Island, Antarctica * Mirny Rupes, a list of geological features on Mercury, mountain chain on planet Mercury * Mirnyy (village), a small village located in Kostroma Oblast, Russia * Mirny (Kazakhstan), a mining town in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mining
Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth, usually from an ore body, lode, vein, seam, reef, or placer deposit. The exploitation of these deposits for raw material is based on the economic viability of investing in the equipment, labor, and energy required to extract, refine and transport the materials found at the mine to manufacturers who can use the material. Ores recovered by mining include metals, coal, oil shale, gemstones, limestone, chalk, dimension stone, rock salt, potash, gravel, and clay. Mining is required to obtain most materials that cannot be grown through agricultural processes, or feasibly created artificially in a laboratory or factory. Mining in a wider sense includes extraction of any non-renewable resource such as petroleum, natural gas, or even water. Modern mining processes involve prospecting for ore bodies, analysis of the profit potential of a proposed mine, extraction of the desired materials, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peru
, image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = Seal (emblem), National seal , national_motto = "Firm and Happy for the Union" , national_anthem = "National Anthem of Peru" , march = "March of Flags" , image_map = PER orthographic.svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Lima , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , official_languages = Peruvian Spanish, Spanish , languages_type = Co-official languages , languages = , ethnic_groups = , ethnic_groups_year = 2017 , demonym = Peruvians, Peruvian , government_type = Unitary state, Unitary Semi-presidential system, semi-presidential republic , leader_title1 = President of Peru, President ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cajamarca
Cajamarca (), also known by the Quechua name, ''Kashamarka'', is the capital and largest city of the Cajamarca Region as well as an important cultural and commercial center in the northern Andes. It is located in the northern highlands of Peru at approximately 2,750 m (8,900 ft) above sea level in the valley of the Mashcon river. Cajamarca had an estimated population of about 226,031 inhabitants in 2015, making it the 13th largest city in Peru. Cajamarca has a mild highland climate, and the area has a very fertile soil. The city is well known for its dairy products and mining activity in the surroundings. Among its tourist attractions, Cajamarca has numerous examples of Spanish colonial religious architecture, beautiful landscapes, pre-Hispanic archeological sites and hot springs at the nearby town of Baños del Inca (Baths of the Inca). The history of the city is highlighted by the Battle of Cajamarca, which marked the defeat of the Inca Empire by Spanish invaders ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yanacocha
Yanacocha ( Cajamarca Quechua: ''yana'' = "black, dark", ''qucha'' = "lake, puddle, pond, lagoon") is a gold mine in the Cajamarca region of the Northern Highlands of Peru. Considered to be the fourth largest gold mine in the world, it produced 0.97 million ounces of gold in 2014.Vladimir Basov (16 June 2015The world’s top 10 gold minesGold mining.com The 251-square kilometer open pit mine is situated about 30 kilometers (14 km straight line) north of Cajamarca, in high pampa, straddling the watershed. The operation is a joint venture between Newmont Goldcorp (51.35% ownership), Compañia de Minas Buenaventura (43.65%) and the International Finance Corporation (5%). Mercury spilled by the mining company has poisoned hundreds of people living near the mine and contaminated local water sources. Thousands of local residents have protested the mine in an environmental conflict that also includes ongoing lawsuits against the mining companies. Environmental defenders opposing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yanacocha Mine
Yanacocha ( Cajamarca Quechua: ''yana'' = "black, dark", ''qucha'' = "lake, puddle, pond, lagoon") is a gold mine in the Cajamarca region of the Northern Highlands of Peru. Considered to be the fourth largest gold mine in the world, it produced 0.97 million ounces of gold in 2014.Vladimir Basov (16 June 2015The world’s top 10 gold minesGold mining.com The 251-square kilometer open pit mine is situated about 30 kilometers (14 km straight line) north of Cajamarca, in high pampa, straddling the watershed. The operation is a joint venture between Newmont Goldcorp (51.35% ownership), Compañia de Minas Buenaventura (43.65%) and the International Finance Corporation (5%). Mercury spilled by the mining company has poisoned hundreds of people living near the mine and contaminated local water sources. Thousands of local residents have protested the mine in an environmental conflict that also includes ongoing lawsuits against the mining companies. Environmental defenders opposing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tribal Sovereignty In The United States
Tribal sovereignty in the United States is the concept of the inherent authority of tribe (Native American), indigenous tribes to govern themselves within the borders of the United States. Originally, the Federal government of the United States, U.S. federal government recognized American Indian tribes as independent nations, and came to policy agreements with them via Treaty, treaties. As the U.S. accelerated its Westward Expansion, westward expansion, internal political pressure grew for "Indian removal", but the pace of treaty-making grew nevertheless. The American Civil War, Civil War forged the U.S. into a more centralized and nationalistic country, fueling a "full bore assault on tribal culture and institutions", and pressure for Native Americans to assimilate. In the Indian Appropriations Act#1871 Act, Indian Appropriations Act of 1871, Congress prohibited any future treaties. This move was steadfastly opposed by Native Americans. Currently, the U.S. recognizes tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Keystone Pipeline
The Keystone Pipeline System is an oil pipeline system in Canada and the United States, commissioned in 2010 and owned by TC Energy and as of 31 March 2020 the Government of Alberta. It runs from the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin in Alberta to refineries in Illinois and Texas, and also to oil tank farms and an oil pipeline distribution center in Cushing, Oklahoma. TransCanada Keystone Pipeline GP Ltd, abbreviated here as Keystone, operates four phases of the project. In 2013, the first two phases had the capacity to deliver up to per day of oil into the Midwest refineries. Phase III has capacity to deliver up to per day to the Texas refineries. By comparison, production of petroleum in the United States averaged per day in first-half 2015, with gross exports of per day through July 2015. A proposed fourth pipeline, called Keystone XL (sometimes abbreviated KXL, with XL standing for "export limited") Pipeline, would have connected the Phase I-pipeline terminals in Hard ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Society
Civil society can be understood as the "third sector" of society, distinct from government and business, and including the family and the private sphere.''What is Civil Society'' civilsoc.org By other authors, ''civil society'' is used in the sense of 1) the aggregate of non-governmental organizations and institutions that advance the interests and will of citizens or 2) individuals and organizations in a society which are independent of the government. Sometimes the term ''civil society'' is used in the more general sense of "the elements such as freedom of speech, an independent judiciary, etc, that make up a democratic society" ('''' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quality Of Life
Quality of life (QOL) is defined by the World Health Organization as "an individual's perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns". Standard indicators of the quality of life include wealth, employment, the environment, physical and mental health, education, recreation and leisure time, social belonging, religious beliefs, safety, security and freedom. QOL has a wide range of contexts, including the fields of international development, healthcare, politics and employment. Health related QOL (HRQOL) is an evaluation of QOL and its relationship with health. Engaged theory One approach, called engaged theory, outlined in the journal of ''Applied Research in the Quality of Life'', posits four domains in assessing quality of life: ecology, economics, politics and culture. In the domain of culture, for example, it includes the following subdomains of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Environmental Issues
Environmental issues are effects of human activity on the biophysical environment, most often of which are harmful effects that cause environmental degradation. Environmental protection is the practice of protecting the natural environment on the individual, organizational or governmental levels, for the benefit of both the environment and humans. Environmentalism is a social and environmental movement that addresses environmental issues through advocacy, legislation education, and activism. Environment destruction caused by humans is a global, ongoing problem. Water pollution also cause problems to marine life. Most scholars think that the project peak global world population of between 9-10 billion people, could live sustainably within the earth's ecosystems if human society worked to live sustainably within planetary boundaries. The bulk of environmental impacts are caused by the most wealthy populations in the globe consuming too much industrial goods. The UN Environmental ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
