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Eurodroite
''Eurodroite'' (; en, Euroright) was an alliance of far-right political parties in Europe that took part in the 1979 European Parliament election. It did not operate as a political party or a group in the European Parliament because it only had 4 seats, all held by the neo-fascist Italian Social Movement. The Group of the European Right became its formal successor following the 1984 European Parliament election. History Giorgio Almirante, the president of the neo-fascist Italian Social Movement (MSI), envisioned to create an alliance of far-right political parties from Europe. Almirante said that the objective of the alliance would be to "prevent the European Parliament shifting to the left" and that it would be strongly anti-communist. At the founding congress of ''Eurodroite'' on 19 April 1978, Almirante's MSI was also joined by the French Party of New Forces (PFN) of Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour and New Force (FN) of Blas Piñar. Shortly before the formation of ''Eurod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Party Of New Forces
Parti des forces nouvelles (PFN) or Party of New Forces was a French far-right political party formed in November 1974 from the ''Comité faire front'', a group of anti-Jean-Marie Le Pen dissidents who had split from the National Front (FN). Development The group included amongst its early members most of the membership of Ordre Nouveau, which had dissolved not long before the formation of the PFN, Alain Robert (the founder of Occident and the Groupe Union Défense or GUD), the academic Pascal Gauchon, the journalists François Brigneau and Roland Gaucher and the draughtsman Jack Marchal. A youth movement, ''Front de la jeunesse'', was formed, although the party was also closely linked to GUD. The ON militants had formed a group called the ''Faire Front'' and in September 1973 merged into the Front National, isolating leader Jean-Marie le Pen by taking two-thirds of the seats on the party's national executive. However, in a court case that followed le Pen succeeded in gaining ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Party Of New Forces (Belgium)
Parti des forces nouvelles (PFN) or Party of New Forces was a Belgian far-right political party active in Wallonia. Although they share a name it is not directly connected to the Party of New Forces in France. Emergence The PFN first emerged in 1975 under the name ''Forces Nouvelles'', initially operating as a coalition of like-minded extremists rather than a political party.Christopher T. Husbands, "Belgium: Flemish Legions on the March", Paul Hainsworth (ed.), ''The Extreme Right in Europe & the USA'', Pinter, 1992, p. 133 Early members of the group had come from the '' Front de la Jeunesse''.Piero Ignazi, ''Extreme Right Parties in Western Europe'', Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 128 Its early years were dominated by internal struggles, resulting in the group doing little publicly between 1975 and 1980 due to this strife. In 1979 the group was instrumental in the formation of ''Eurodroite'', an alliance of European far-right political parties that also included the Italian S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giorgio Almirante
Giorgio Almirante (27 June 1914 – 22 May 1988) was an Italian politician, the founder and leader of neo-fascist Italian Social Movement until his retirement in 1987. Early life Almirante was born at Salsomaggiore Terme, in Emilia Romagna, but his parents were Molise, Molisian with Nobility, noble ancestry. His aunt was actress Italia Almirante Manzini. He spent his childhood following his parents, who worked in the theatre, in Turin and Rome. He graduated in Literature in 1937. Pre-war Fascism and role during World War II Almirante trained as a schoolteacher, but went to work writing for the Rome-based fascist paper ''Il Tevere''. He was influenced by the journalist Telesio Interlandi, who was his ideological mentor. A journalist by profession, Almirante wrote extensively for Interlandi's journal ''La Difesa della Razza'' (The defence of race). Almirante also helped to organise the Italian Social Republic (RSI) in which he was appointed Chief of Cabinet of the Minister of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blas Piñar
Blas Piñar López (22 November 1918 – 28 January 2014) was a Spanish far right politician. Having connections to Catholic organizations, during the Francoist dictatorship he directed the Institute of Hispanic Culture (''Instituto de Cultura Hispánica'') and served as ''procurador'' in the Cortes and as national councillor (1955–1977). He later became a member of the Congress of Deputies in 1979. Biography Piñar was born in Toledo. He was a law student in Madrid when the Spanish Civil War broke out and took refuge in the embassies of Finland and Paraguay, later doing work as a clandestine "fifth columnist" for the Nationalist forces. From 1957 to 1962, he was in charge of the Institute of Hispanic Culture that was dedicated to managing scholarships between Latin American and Spanish universities. After a trip to Latin America and the Philippines, Piñar wrote an article for the Madrid newspaper Diario ABC. The article, entitled "Hypocrites," harshly criticized the fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francoism
Francoist Spain ( es, España franquista), or the Francoist dictatorship (), was the period of Spanish history between 1939 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title . After his death in 1975, Spain transitioned into a democracy. During this time period, Spain was officially known as the Spanish State (). The nature of the regime evolved and changed during its existence. Months after the start of the Spanish Civil War in July 1936, Franco emerged as the dominant rebel military leader and was proclaimed head of state on 1 October 1936, ruling a dictatorship over the territory controlled by the Nationalist faction. The 1937 Unification Decree, which merged all parties supporting the rebel side, led to Nationalist Spain becoming a single-party regime under the FET y de las JONS. The end of the war in 1939 brought the extension of the Franco rule to the whole country and the exile of Republican institutions. The Francoist dictatorsh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greek Nationalism
Greek nationalism (or Hellenic nationalism) refers to the nationalism of Greeks and Greek culture.. As an ideology, Greek nationalism originated and evolved in pre-modern times. It became a major political movement beginning in the 18th century, which culminated in the Greek War of Independence (1821–1829) against the Ottoman Empire. It became also a potent movement in Greece shortly prior to, and during World War I, when the Greeks, inspired by the Megali Idea, managed to liberate parts of Greece in the Balkan Wars and after World War I, briefly occupied the region of Smyrna before it was retaken by Turkey. Greek nationalism was also the main ideology of two dictatorial regimes in Greece during the 20th century: the 4th of August Regime (1936-41) and the Greek military junta (1967-74). Today Greek nationalism remains important in the Greco-Turkish dispute over Cyprus among other disputes ( Greek nationalism in Cyprus). History The establishment of Panhellenic sites se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metaxism
Metaxism ( el, Μεταξισμός) is an authoritarian nationalist ideology associated with Greek dictator Ioannis Metaxas. It called for the regeneration of the Greek nation and the establishment of a modern, culturally homogenous Greece.Gert Sørensen, Robert Mallett. International fascism, 1919-45. London, England, UK; Portland, Oregon, USA: Frank Cass Publishers, 2002. Pp. 159. Metaxism disparaged liberalism, and held individual interests to be subordinate to those of the nation, seeking to mobilize the Greek people as a disciplined mass in service to the creation of a "new Greece." Metaxas declared that his 4th of August Regime (1936–1941) represented a "Third Greek Civilization" which was committed to the creation of a culturally purified Greek nation based upon the militarist societies of ancient Macedonia and Sparta, which he held to constitute the "First Greek Civilization"; and the Orthodox Christian ethic of the Byzantine Empire, which he considered to represent th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neo-Nazism
Neo-Nazism comprises the post–World War II militant, social, and political movements that seek to revive and reinstate Nazism, Nazi ideology. Neo-Nazis employ their ideology to promote hatred and Supremacism#Racial, racial supremacy (often white supremacy), attack racial and ethnic minorities (often antisemitism and Islamophobia), and in some cases to create a fascist state. Neo-Nazism is a global phenomenon, with organized representation in many countries and international networks. It borrows elements from Nazi doctrine, including antisemitism, ultranationalism, racism, xenophobia, ableism, homophobia, anti-communism, and creating a "Fourth Reich". Holocaust denial is common in neo-Nazi circles. Neo-Nazis regularly display Nazi symbolism, Nazi symbols and express admiration for Adolf Hitler and other Nazi leaders. In some European and Latin American countries, laws prohibit the expression of pro-Nazi, racist, antisemitic, or homophobic views. Many Nazi-related symbols a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Nationalism
Italian nationalism is a movement which believes that the Italians are a nation with a single homogeneous identity, and therefrom seeks to promote the cultural unity of Italy as a country. From an Italian nationalist perspective, Italianness is defined as claiming cultural and ethnic descent from the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins, an Italic peoples, Italic tribe which originally dwelt in Latium and came to dominate the Italian peninsula and much of Europe. Because of that, Italian nationalism has also historically adhered to Imperialism, imperialist theories.Aaron Gillette. ''Racial theories in fascist Italy''. 2nd edition. London, England, UK; New York, New York, USA: Routledge, 2003. Pp. 17. The Romantic nationalism, romantic (or soft) version of such views is known as Italian patriotism, while their Integral nationalism, integral (or hard) version is known as Italian fascism. Italian nationalism is often thought to trace its origins to the Renaissance,Trafford R. Cole. ''Itali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurocommunism
Eurocommunism, also referred to as democratic communism or neocommunism, was a trend in the 1970s and 1980s within various Western European communist parties which said they had developed a theory and practice of social transformation more relevant for Western Europe. During the Cold War, they sought to reject the influence of the Soviet Union and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The trend was especially prominent in Italy, Spain, and France. Terminology The origin of the term Eurocommunism was subject to great debate in the mid-1970s, being attributed to Zbigniew Brzezinski and Arrigo Levi, among others. Jean-François Revel once wrote that "one of the favourite amusements of 'political scientists' is to search for the author of the term Eurocommunism". In April 1977, ''Deutschland Archiv'' decided that the word was first used in the summer of 1975 by Yugoslav journalist Frane Barbieri, former editor of Belgrade's '' NIN'' newsmagazine. Outside Western Europe, it is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgios Papadopoulos
Geórgios Papadopoulos (; el, Γεώργιος Παπαδόπουλος ; 5 May 1919 – 27 June 1999) was a Greeks, Greek military officer and political leader who ruled Greece as a military dictator from 1967 to 1973. He joined the Hellenic Army, Royal Hellenic Army during the Second World War and resisted the Greco-Italian War, 1940 Italian invasion. Later on, he allegedly became an active Collaboration with the Axis powers, Axis collaborator with the Security Battalions, although this claim has been disputed by historians. He remained in the army after the war and rose to the rank of colonel. In April 1967, Papadopoulos and a group of other mid-level army officers overthrew the democratic government and established a Greek junta, military junta that lasted until 1974. Assuming dictatorial powers, he led an Authoritarianism, authoritarian, Anti-communism, anti-communist and Ultranationalism, ultranationalist regime which eventually ended the Kingdom of Greece, Greek monarchy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Political Union (1984)
The National Political Union ( el, Εθνική Πολιτική Ένωσις (EΠΕΝ), ''Ethniki Politiki Enosis'' (EPEN)) was a far-right political party in Greece. The party was founded on January 30, 1984 by jailed former junta leader Georgios Papadopoulos. ''New York Times'', 30 January 1984. It participated (unsuccessfully) in the 1985 general election. In the 1984 elections to the European Parliament, the party polled 2.3% of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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