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Etheostoma Sagitta
The arrow darter (''Etheostoma sagitta'') is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perch Perch is a common name for fish of the genus ''Perca'', freshwater gamefish belonging to the family Percidae. The perch, of which three species occur in different geographical areas, lend their name to a large order of vertebrates: the Percif ...es, ruffes and pikeperches. It is found in parts of Kentucky and Tennessee, particularly in the Cumberland and Kentucky Rivers. These small fish are part of the perch family. They grow to be about in length. Their opercle, breast, and cheek are all unscaled. They have a vertical black bar at the base of their caudal fin. Six to nine vertical banded bars run down the side of the fish. The dorsal side of the fish is olive green in color, and the ventral side is a yellow to white pattern. The first dorsal fin has a black base, followed by green co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Starr Jordan
David Starr Jordan (January 19, 1851 – September 19, 1931) was the founding president of Stanford University, serving from 1891 to 1913. He was an ichthyologist during his research career. Prior to serving as president of Stanford University, he had served as president of Indiana University from 1884 to 1891. Starr was also a strong supporter of eugenics, and his published views expressed a fear of "race-degeneration" and asserted that cattle and human beings are "governed by the same laws of selection". He was an antimilitarist since he believed that war killed off the best members of the gene pool, and he initially opposed American involvement in World War I. Early life and career Jordan was born in Gainesville, New York, and grew up on a farm in upstate New York. His parents made the unorthodox decision to educate him at a local girls' high school. His middle name, Starr, does not appear in early census records, and was apparently self-selected; he had begun using ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Swain (academic)
Joseph Swain (June 16, 1857 – May 19, 1927) served as the ninth president of Indiana University and also as the sixth president of Swarthmore College. Summary Education * Indiana University (B.L. 1883, M.S. 1885) * Wabash College (LL.D. 1893) Career * Professor of mathematics and biology at Indiana University (1883–1891) * Professor of mathematics at Stanford University (1891–1893) * President of Indiana University (1893-1902) * President of Swarthmore College (1902-1921) Biography Joseph Swain was IU's first Indiana-born president. He was born in Pendleton, Indiana, to Woolston and Mary A. Swain. Swain attended IU as an undergraduate and graduate student. He matriculated in 1879 and graduated with a B.L. degree in 1883. From 1883-1885, he was an instructor of mathematics and biology at IU while he completed his graduate education and graduated with a M.S. degree in 1885. Starting in 1885, Swain was an associate professor of mathematics until 1886, where ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ray-finned Fish
Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fishes, is a class of bony fish. They comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. The ray-finned fishes are so called because their fins are webs of skin supported by bony or horny spines (rays), as opposed to the fleshy, lobed fins that characterize the class Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish). These actinopterygian fin rays attach directly to the proximal or basal skeletal elements, the radials, which represent the link or connection between these fins and the internal skeleton (e.g., pelvic and pectoral girdles). By species count, actinopterygians dominate the vertebrates, and they constitute nearly 99% of the over 30,000 species of fish. They are ubiquitous throughout freshwater and marine environments from the deep sea to the highest mountain streams. Extant species can range in size from ''Paedocypris'', at , to the massive ocean sunfish, at , and the long-bodied oarfish, at . The vast majority of Actinoptery ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoological names with "-inae". See also * International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants * International Code of Zoological Nomenclature * Rank (botany) * Rank (zoology) In biological classification, taxonomic rank is the relative level of a group of organisms (a taxon) in an ancestral or hereditary hierarchy. A common system consists of species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain. While ... Sources {{biology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Etheostomatinae
Etheosomatidae is a species rich subfamily of freshwater ray-finned fish, the members of which are commonly known as the darters. The subfamily is part of the family Percidae which also includes the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. The family is endemic to North America. It consists of 3-5 different genera and well over 200 species. Characteristics Species within the Etheostomatinae are all small fish, mostly less than in length and their bodies are slightly compressed or fusiform in shape. They have two pterygiophores between the first and second dorsal fins which do not have spines and a reduced swimbladder which may be completely lacking. The name darter becomes because these fish are seen to dart around in their habitat and these fish have benthic habits. They are sexually dimorphic and most species have males with bright colours and patterning, particularly when breeding and these colours and patterns are used to attract females and allow for recognition of species as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family (biology)
Family ( la, familia, plural ') is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". What belongs to a family—or if a described family should be recognized at all—are proposed and determined by practicing taxonomists. There are no hard rules for describing or recognizing a family, but in plants, they can be characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species. Taxonomists often take different positions about descriptions, and there may be no broad consensus across the scientific community for some time. The publishing of new data and opini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Percidae
The Percidae are a family of ray-finned fish, part of the order Perciformes, which are found in fresh and brackish waters of the Northern Hemisphere. The majority are Nearctic, but there are also Palearctic species. The family contains more than 200 species in 11 genera. The perches, and their relatives are in this family; well-known species include the walleye, sauger, ruffe, and three species of perch. However, small fish known as darters are also a part of this family. Characteristics The family is characterised by having the dorsal fin split into two which are normally separated or have a narrow connection, although this is wider in the genus ''Zingel'', the front section contains the spines and the rear section contains the soft rays. The anal fin contains 1 or 2 spines, if there is a second spine it is typically weak. The pelvic fins are placed on the thorax and have a single spine and 5 soft rays. They also have skeletal synapomorphies. The maximum size attained in in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perch
Perch is a common name for fish of the genus ''Perca'', freshwater gamefish belonging to the family Percidae. The perch, of which three species occur in different geographical areas, lend their name to a large order of vertebrates: the Perciformes, from the el, πέρκη (), simply meaning perch, and the Latin ''forma'' meaning shape. Many species of freshwater gamefish more or less resemble perch, but belong to different genera. In fact, the exclusively saltwater-dwelling red drum is often referred to as a red perch, though by definition perch are freshwater fish. Though many fish are referred to as perch as a common name, to be considered a true perch, the fish must be of the family Percidae. The type species for this genus is the European perch, ''P. fluviatilis''. Species Most authorities recognize three species within the perch genus: * The European perch (''P. fluviatilis'') is primarily found in Europe, but a few can also be found in South Africa, and even as far ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gymnocephalus
''Gymnocephalus'' is a genus of ray-finned fishes from the family Percidae, which includes the perches, pike-perches and darters. They are from the Western Palearctic area, although one species, ''Gymnocephalus cernua'' has been accidentally introduced to the Great Lakes region where it is regarded as an invasive species. They have the common name "ruffe" and resemble the true perches in the genus ''Perca'', but are usually smaller and have a different pattern. Characteristics The species within the genus ''Gymnocephalus'' have a number of characters in common including that their dorsal fins are not completely separate, they have enlarged canals extending from the lateral line on their heads, the preorbital bone covers the maxillary bone, presence of setiform or bristle-like teeth, having very few or no vomerine and palatine teeth and the possession of three paired bones in the neck, known as extrascapulars, in their lateral line system, of which, two are simple tubes. Species T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sander (fish)
''Sander'' (formerly known as ''Stizostedion'') is a genus of predatory ray-finned fish in the family Percidae, which also includes the perches, ruffes, and darters. They are also known as "pike-perch" because of their resemblance to fish in the unrelated Esocidae (pike) family. They are the only genus in the monotypic tribe Luciopercini, which is one of two tribes in the subfamily Luciopercinae, Characteristics ''Sander'' species have elongated and laterally compressed bodies and they range in total length from in the Volga pikeperch (''S. volgensis'') to in the zander (''S. lucioperca''). The species within the genus share canine-like teeth that are at their largest in the zander, and although they are not present in adult Volga pikeperches, they do possess them as juveniles. in addition, they have thin rows of teeth on their jaws, vomer, and palatines, the preopercle shows strong serrations along its edges, a continuous lateral line reaches all the way from the head to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuptial Tubercles
Nuptial tubercles (also called nuptial efflorescences, breeding tubercles or pearl organs) are dermal structures present in 15 families of fish belonging to 4 orders of Actinopterygii – Salmoniformes, Gonorhynchiformes, Cypriniformes and Perciformes – used in the courtship and reproduction process. They consist of partially or fully keratinised cells that form a perceptible protrusion in certain regions, used to stimulate females during courtship. Their development is stimulated by hormones secreted by the pituitary and adrenal glands, and is induced shortly before the breeding season and discarded after. In some species, at least, there is a correlation between the level of androgens present in the endocrine system and the volume and complexity of tubercle growth. Use and description Nuptial tubercles are skin nodules made of keratin, the same material as hair, hooves, and fingernails. They normally form on the heads of male fish, often covering the whole of the top part o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Etheostoma
''Etheostoma'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Percidae native to North America. Most are restricted to the United States, but species are also found in Canada and Mexico. They are commonly known as darters, although the term "darter" is shared by several other genera. Many can produce alarm pheromones that serve to warn nearby fish in case of an attack.Smith, R.J.F. (1992): Alarm signals in fishes. ''Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2 (1): 33-63.'' Species The 157 recognized species in this genus are: * ''Etheostoma acuticeps'' R. M. Bailey, 1959 (sharphead darter) * ''Etheostoma akatulo'' Layman & Mayden, 2009 (bluemask darter) * '' Etheostoma artesiae'' ( O. P. Hay, 1881) (redspot darter) * '' Etheostoma asprigene'' ( S. A. Forbes, 1878) (mud darter) * '' Etheostoma atripinne'' ( D. S. Jordan, 1877) (Cumberland snubnose darter) * '' Etheostoma australe'' D. S. Jordan, 1889 (Conchos darter) * '' Etheostoma autumnale'' Mayden, 2010 (autumn darter) * '' E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
