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Esayi Abu-Muse
Esayi Abu-Musa ( or ; in Arabic sources: ''Isa ibn-Istifanus'') was an Armenian prince of southern Artsakh who ruled over a significant part of Arran (called Ałuankʻ in Armenian sources) in the mid-9th century and is considered the founder of the Principality of Dizak. Arakel Babakhanian (Leo). ''Երկերի ժողովածու'' (''Collected Works''). vol. ii. Yerevan, Armenian SSR: Sovetakan Grogh, 1967, pp. 446–49. Name and Origins ''Abu-Musa'' means "father of Musa" (Moses) in Arabic, in Armenian sources he is surnamed "the Priest's son". Arabic sources also call him ''Isa ibn-Yusuf'' (son of Hovsep) or ''Isa ibn-ukht-Istifanus'' (nephew of Stepanos), the latter being a reference to his maternal uncle Stepanos-Ablasad, who according to the historian Leo was a Mihranid whose fiefs succeeded to Esayi Abu-Muse after his murder in 831. Leo identifies Esayi Abu-Muse as a member of the local Arran dynasty of Aranshahik. Reign Esayi's succession took place in ca. 841 and he rem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston, 2011. Having emerged in the 1st century, it is named after the Arabs, Arab people; the term "Arab" was initially used to describe those living in the Arabian Peninsula, as perceived by geographers from ancient Greece. Since the 7th century, Arabic has been characterized by diglossia, with an opposition between a standard Prestige (sociolinguistics), prestige language—i.e., Literary Arabic: Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) or Classical Arabic—and diverse vernacular varieties, which serve as First language, mother tongues. Colloquial dialects vary significantly from MSA, impeding mutual intelligibility. MSA is only acquired through formal education and is not spoken natively. It is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenian Academy Of Sciences
The National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia (NAS RA) ( hy, Հայաստանի Հանրապետության գիտությունների ազգային ակադեմիա, ՀՀ ԳԱԱ, ''Hayastani Hanrapetut’yan gitut’yunneri azgayin akademia'') is the Armenian national academy, functioning as the primary body that conducts research and coordinates activities in the fields of science and social sciences in Armenia. It is a member of the International Science Council. History The Academy of Sciences of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic was founded on 10 November 1943, on the basis of the Armenian Branch of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, which was established almost 10 years earlier, in 1935. Among its founders were Joseph Orbeli, Stepan Malkhasyants, Ivan Gevorkian and Victor Ambartsumian; Orbeli became the first president of the academy. Presidents *Joseph Orbeli (1943–1947) *Victor Ambartsumian (1947–1993) *Fadey Sargsyan (1993–2006) * Radik Martiro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John V The Historian
Hovhannes Draskhanakerttsi ( hy, Յովհաննէս Դրասխանակերտցի, John of Drasxanakert, various spellings exist), also called John V the Historian, was Catholicos of Armenia from 897 to 925, and a noted chronicler and historian. He is known for his ''History of Armenia.'' He is also the author of a list of Armenian Catholicoi titled ''Shar Hayrapetatsʻn Hayotsʻ''.Yovhannes Drasxanakertc'i/John Katholikos (1987). '' History of Armenia by John Katholikos''. Translated by Maksoudian, Krikor H. Atlanta, Georgia: Scholars Press. p. 8–23. What little is known about Catholicos Hovhannes's life comes from his own written works. He gives his own birthplace as Draskhkert (Draskhanakert), which has been variously identified with modern Ashtarak or placed near the historical canton of Shirak in Ayrarat province (later medieval Armenian historians claimed he was from Garni or Dvin). He was related to his predecessor as catholicos, Mashtots I, under whom he studied. Ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gardman
Gardman ( hy, Գարդման), also known as Gardmank, was one of the eight cantons of the ancient province of Utik in the Kingdom of Armenia and simultaneously, together with the canton of Tuchkatak, an Armenian principality. It roughly corresponded within the Gazakh, Shamkir, Aghstafa, Dashkasan, Goygol, Tovuz, Gadabay districts of modern-day Azerbaijan and the original Tavush Region of Armenia. Gardman was also the name of the central fortress of the canton. History In prehistoric times Gardman was the homeland of the proto-Armenian tribe Gardman. Contemporary Armenian authors referred to the historical area of Gardman as Northern Artsakh. During the reign of the Arshakuni kings of Armenia (66–428 A.D.), Gardman was the seat of the ''nakharars'' of Utik'. For this reason, it was sometimes called "Gardmantsvots ishkhanutyun", or the principality of Gardman. Gardman was acquired by Caucasian Albania in 387 following the partition of Armenia. In the seventh century the l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Principality Of Khachen
The Principality of Khachen ( hy, Խաչենի իշխանություն, Khacheni ishkhanutyun) was a medieval Armenian principality on the territory of historical Artsakh (present-day Nagorno-Karabakh). The provinces of Artsakh and Utik were attached to the Kingdom of Armenia in antiquity. In the early medieval period, these provinces were under Sassanid or Arab suzerainty until the establishment of the Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia in the 9th century. From the 12th century the Armenian Principality of Khachen dominated the region. The Byzantine emperor Constantine VII addressed his letters to the prince of Khachen with the inscription "To Prince of Khachen, Armenia." According to Abū Dulaf, an Arab traveller of the time, Khachen was an Armenian principality immediately south of Barda'a (modern-day Barda, Azerbaijan).Abū-Dulaf Misʻar Ibn Muhalhil's Travels in Iran (circa A.D. 950) / Ed. and trans. by V. Minorsky. — Cairo University Press, 1955. — p. 74:"''Khajin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atrnerseh
Atrnerseh () (d. 870's) was an Armenian ruler of the Principality of Khachen. He was the son and successor of Sahl Smbatean. According to the 10th century Armenian historian Movses Kaghankatvatsi, Atrnerseh's family was descended from the Arranshahiks, the ancient ruling dynasty of Caucasian Albania, although the historian Robert H. Hewsen considers Atrnerseh and his father as members of a branch of the Armenian House of Syunik.Hewsen, Robert H., ''Armenia: A Historical Atlas''. The University of Chicago Press, 2001, pp. 119, 163. In 822, Atrnerseh married the last heir of Mihranid dynasty (which previously ruled Caucasian Albania), princess Spram. Subsequently, the princedom of Atrnerseh's father Sahl expanded to the east and included the territories of Artsakh and Gardman. Atrnerseh's possessions mainly covered the region of Upper Khachen, also known as Tsar. His residence was at Handaberd, a fortress he built in the second quarter of the 9th century. Together with his fath ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bugha Al-Kabir
Bugha al-Kabir (), also known as Bugha al-Turki (), was a 9th-century Khazar general who served the Abbasid Caliphate. He was of Khazar origin, and was acquired along with his sons as a military slave (''ghulam'') by al-Mu'tasim in 819/820.Gordon (2001), p. 19 He is first mentioned in 825, and then again in 835, when he led reinforcements in the fight against the Khurramite rebels of Babak Khorramdin. Bugha also participated in Mu'tasim's Amorium campaign in 838, where he led the rearguard, and later served as the Caliph's chamberlain.Pipes (1981), pp. 155–156 In 844/845, he suppressed a revolt of the Bedouin tribes of central Arabia.Sourdel (1960), p. 1287 Next he played an important role in crushing the Armenian revolt of 850–855: in 852 he was entrusted by the Caliph al-Mutawakkil with its suppression. Setting out from his base at Diyar Bakr, he first focused on the southern half of Armenia, i.e. the regions of Vaspurakan and Lake Van, before moving north to Dvin, Iberia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbasid Caliphate
The Abbasid Caliphate ( or ; ar, الْخِلَافَةُ الْعَبَّاسِيَّة, ') was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib (566–653 CE), from whom the dynasty takes its name. They ruled as caliphs for most of the caliphate from their capital in Baghdad in modern-day Iraq, after having overthrown the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid Revolution of 750 CE (132 AH). The Abbasid Caliphate first centered its government in Kufa, modern-day Iraq, but in 762 the caliph Al-Mansur founded the city of Baghdad, near the ancient Babylonian capital city of Babylon. Baghdad became the center of science, culture and invention in what became known as the Golden Age of Islam. This, in addition to housing several key academic institutions, including the House of Wisdom, as well as a multiethnic and multi-religious environment, garnered it a worldwide reputation as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Utik
Utik ( hy, Ուտիք, also known as Uti, Utiq, or Outi) was a historic province of the Kingdom of Armenia. It was ceded to Caucasian Albania following the partition of Armenia between Sassanid Persia and the Eastern Roman Empire in 387 AD. Most of the region is located within present-day Azerbaijan immediately west of the Kura River, while a part of it lies within the Tavush province of present-day northeastern Armenia. History According to Strabo, in the 2nd century BC, Armenians conquered from the Medes the lands of Syunik and Caspiane, and the lands that lay between them, including Utik,Robert H. Hewsen. "Ethno-History and the Armenian Influence upon the Caucasian Albanians," in: Samuelian, Thomas J. (Hg.), Classical Armenian Culture. Influences and Creativity, Chicago: 1982, 27-40. that was populated by the people called Utis, after whom it received its name. Modern historians agree that "Utis" were a people of non-Armenian origin, and the modern ethnic group of Udi is th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aras (river)
, az, Araz, fa, ارس, tr, Aras The Aras (also known as the Araks, Arax, Araxes, or Araz) is a river in the Caucasus. It rises in eastern Turkey and flows along the borders between Turkey and Armenia, between Turkey and the Nakhchivan exclave of Azerbaijan, between Iran and both Azerbaijan and Armenia, and, finally, through Azerbaijan where it flows into the Kura river. It drains the south side of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains while the Kura drains the north side of the Lesser Caucasus. The river's total length is and its watershed covers an area of . The Aras is one of the longest rivers in the Caucasus. Names In classical antiquity, the river was known to the Greeks as Araxes ( gr, Ἀράξης). Its modern Armenian name is ''Arax'' or ''Araks'' ( hy, Արաքս). Historically it was also known as ''Yeraskh'' ( xcl, Երասխ) and its Old Georgian name is ''Rakhsi'' (). In Azerbaijani, the river's name is ''Araz''. In Persian and Kurdish its name is (''Aras''), an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martuni Province
Martuni Province ( hy, Մարտունու շրջան) is a province of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh, ''de jure'' part of the Republic of Azerbaijan. History The territory was formed from the Soviet-era raion of Martuni District within the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast. The eastern part of that district is under the control of the Azerbaijan. Martuni Province consists of the branch of the former Oblast which juts out farthest to the east, almost reaches Stepanakert on the west, and goes a little past Karmir Shuka on the south. The western half has many hills and small mountains, full of small villages, while the eastern half is very flat, with fewer villages, and the larger regional center of Martuni. Historically, this area was also known as ''Myus Haband'' and ''Varand''. The Martuni Province has 35 rural communities and one urban community. In 1991, the Azerbaijani parliament, with the Law on Abolishment of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast, abolished the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hadrut Region
Hadrut Province ( hy, Հադրութի շրջան) was a province of the Republic of Artsakh. The provincial capital was Hadrut city. The last governor was Valery Gevorkian. The province was captured by the armed forces of the Republic of Azerbaijan during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war. It consisted of most of the Jabrayil District, the western part of the Fuzuli District as well as the southwestern part of the Khojavend District. History More than 340 people of Hadrut Region fell victim during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. During the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, heavy fighting took place in and around the city of Hadrut. Independent sources confirmed that the Azerbaijani army took control of the city of Hadrut on either 14 or 15 October 2020. Following the Aras Valley campaign and the Battle of Shusha, all of Hadrut Province was captured by the Azerbaijan Army by 9 November 2020. A peacekeeping contingent of the Russian Federation was placed along the frontline. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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