Erma Vizenor
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Erma Vizenor
Erma Jean Vizenor is an Ojibwe politician and educator. She served as the tribal chair of the White Earth Nation from 2004 to 2016. Under her leadership, White Earth adopted a new tribal constitution. She served as an educator in the White Earth Indian Reservation for 20 years. Vizenor was president of Leech Lake Tribal College in 2016. Vizenor earned her doctoral education degree from Harvard University. She also earned degrees from North Dakota State University and Minnesota State University Moorhead. Early life and education Erma Jean Vizenor was born in 1944 in Cass Lake, Minnesota. Her traditional Ojibwe name, given to her by her grandmother, is ''Esh-quay-gah-bowah-e-quay'' and means "the last standing woman". She was the first member of her family to complete high school, graduating from Park Rapids High School in 1964. She started attending Minnesota State University Moorhead in 1968. She earned a Bachelor of Science degree in elementary education at Moorhead, graduating ...
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Ojibwe
The Ojibwe, Ojibwa, Chippewa, or Saulteaux are an Anishinaabe people in what is currently southern Canada, the northern Midwestern United States, and Northern Plains. According to the U.S. census, in the United States Ojibwe people are one of the largest tribal populations among Native American peoples. In Canada, they are the second-largest First Nations population, surpassed only by the Cree. They are one of the most numerous Indigenous Peoples north of the Rio Grande. The Ojibwe population is approximately 320,000 people, with 170,742 living in the United States , and approximately 160,000 living in Canada. In the United States, there are 77,940 mainline Ojibwe; 76,760 Saulteaux; and 8,770 Mississauga, organized in 125 bands. In Canada, they live from western Quebec to eastern British Columbia. The Ojibwe language is Anishinaabemowin, a branch of the Algonquian language family. They are part of the Council of Three Fires (which also include the Odawa and Potawatomi) and ...
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