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Eriswil
Eriswil is a municipality in the Emmental administrative district in the Swiss canton of Bern. History Eriswil is first mentioned in 1256 as ''Erolzwile''. Very little is known about the early history of the village. By the High Middle Ages a local noble family, the von Eriswil family, were a Ministerialis (unfree knights in the service of a feudal overlord) family in service to the Counts of Kyburg. However, the family died out in the 14th century. In the last quarter of the 14th century the region was acquired by St. Gallen and incorporated into the Rohrbach district. Over the following century, Bernese expansion brought Rohrbach under Bern's control. In 1504 it bought the entire region and added Eriswil to the Trachselwald bailiwick in the Oberaargau District. The village church was originally under the authority of the Abbey of Saint Gall. It appears that the oldest part of the church is the bell tower which dates from around the 14th century. The current choi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wyssachen
Wyssachen is a municipality in the Oberaargau administrative district in the Swiss canton of Bern. History Wyssachen is first mentioned in 1349 as ''Wissachon''. Until 1908 it was officially known as ''Wyssachengraben'' or ''Grabengemeinde''. For much of its history, Wyssachen was part of the parish and municipality of Eriswil. In 1516 Eriswil became part of the Bernese district of Trachselwald. In 1755 Wyssachen began to care for the local poor independently of Eriswil. In 1796 they expanded their charitable operations and became increasingly independent of Eriswil. Finally in 1847 Wyssachen became an independent political municipality. The 334 inhabitants of Neuligen and Schwendi left Wyssachen to become part of Eriswil in 1888. A village church was built in 1946 and twenty years later became the parish church of the Wyssachen parish. Geography Wyssachen has an area of . As of the 2006 survey, a total of or 70.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 22. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huttwil
Huttwil is a municipality in the Oberaargau administrative district in the Swiss canton of Bern. History Early history Huttwil is first mentioned in the 9th Century as ''Huttiwilare''. The Huttwil area was probably first settled in the 7th or 8th century, though it first appears in historic records in the 9th century. Initially it was part of the Upper Aargau lands of the Adalgoze family, though by the 11th and 12th centuries the Counts of Rheinfelden and Fenis-Neuchâtel owned land and rights in Huttwil. In the 12th century Fenis-Neuchâtel donated their Huttwil lands to Erlach Abbey. The village church is first mentioned in 1093 or 1108 when Agnes von Rheinfelden and her husband Berchtold II von Zähringen donated the patronage rights to the Abbey of Saint Peter in the Black Forest. The remainder of the Rheinfelden rights passed to the Zähringens through Agnes' marriage. When the Zähringen family died out in 1218 the Counts of Kyburg acquired the growing town and su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luthern
Luthern is a municipality in the district of Willisau in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. History Luthern is first mentioned in 1275 as ''Lutrun''. Geography Luthern has an area, , of . Of this area, 47.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while 47.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 3.5% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (1.1%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains). , 47.49% of the total land area was forested. Of the agricultural land, 46.83% is used for farming or pastures, while 1.01% is used for orchards or vine crops. Of the settled areas, 1.56% is covered with buildings, 0.16% is industrial, 0.4% is classed as special developments, 0.03% is parks or greenbelts and 1.4% is transportation infrastructure. Of the unproductive areas, 0.61% is unproductive flowing water (rivers) and 0.53% is other unproductive land. The municipality is located in the upper Luthern valley, in the northern ''Napfgebiet''. It consists of the village ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sumiswald
Sumiswald is a municipality in the district of the Emmental administrative district in the canton of Bern, Switzerland. It is mostly known for being the manufacturing location of the Swiss railway clock. History Sumiswald is first mentioned in 1225 as ''Smoldeswalt''. The name either comes from the Germanic settler "Suomolt" or the Latin term ''summa vallis'' ("bank over the valley"). The von Sumiswald family is first mentioned in 1135. They probably took their name from a now vanished castle in the area. The last member of the family, Lütold, donated the village, land and churches in Sumiswald and Escholzmatt to the commandery of the Teutonic Knights of the "Ballei" Swabia-Alsace-Burgundy. In 1525, the town bought its way out of serfdom, but stayed a part of the Teutonic Knights even after the Protestant Reformation was introduced in 1528; Sumiswald was sold to the city of Bern for 36,000 Reichs thaler in 1698. The village Church of St. Mary was first mentioned in 1225 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ufhusen
Ufhusen is a municipality in the district of Willisau in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Geography Ufhusen has an area, , of . Of this area, 73.6% is used for agricultural purposes, while 20.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 5.6% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (0.2%) is non-productive land. , 20.65% of the total land area was forested. Of the agricultural land, 71.35% is used for farming or pastures, while 2.2% is used for orchards or vine crops. Of the settled areas, 1.71% is covered with buildings, 0.08% is industrial, 2.2% is classed as special developments, 0.16% is parks or greenbelts and 1.47% is transportation infrastructure. Demographics Ufhusen has a population (as of ) of . , 28 or about 3.3% are not Swiss citizens.LUSTAT-Canton Luc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emmental (administrative District)
Emmental District in the Canton of Bern was created on 1 January 2010. It is part of the Emmental-Oberaargau administrative region. It contains 40 municipalities with an area of and a population (as of ) of . Mergers and name changes *On 1 January 2016, the former municipalities of Oberösch and Niederösch merged into Ersigen. *On 1 January 2021 the former municipality of Mötschwil Mötschwil is a former municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2021 the former municipality of Mötschwil merged into Hindelbank. History Mötschwil was first mentioned in 1328 a ... merged into Hindelbank. References {{Authority control Districts of the canton of Bern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commons
The commons is the cultural and natural resources accessible to all members of a society, including natural materials such as air, water, and a habitable Earth. These resources are held in common even when owned privately or publicly. Commons can also be understood as natural resources that groups of people (communities, user groups) manage for individual and collective benefit. Characteristically, this involves a variety of informal norms and values (social practice) employed for a governance mechanism. Commons can also be defined as a social practice of governing a resource not by state or market but by a community of users that self-governs the resource through institutions that it creates. Definition and modern use The Digital Library of the Commons defines "commons" as "a general term for shared resources in which each stakeholder has an equal interest". The term "commons" derives from the traditional English legal term for common land, which are also known as "commons", ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protestant Reformation
The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and in particular to papal authority, arising from what were perceived to be errors, abuses, and discrepancies by the Catholic Church. The Reformation was the start of Protestantism and the split of the Western Church into Protestantism and what is now the Roman Catholic Church. It is also considered to be one of the events that signified the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the early modern period in Europe.Davies ''Europe'' pp. 291–293 Prior to Martin Luther, there were many earlier reform movements. Although the Reformation is usually considered to have started with the publication of the '' Ninety-five Theses'' by Martin Luther in 1517, he was not excommunicated by Pope Leo X until January 1521. The Diet of Worms of May 1521 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parish
A parish is a territorial entity in many Christian denominations, constituting a division within a diocese. A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a priest, often termed a parish priest, who might be assisted by one or more curates, and who operates from a parish church. Historically, a parish often covered the same geographical area as a manor. Its association with the parish church remains paramount. By extension the term ''parish'' refers not only to the territorial entity but to the people of its community or congregation as well as to church property within it. In England this church property was technically in ownership of the parish priest ''ex-officio'', vested in him on his institution to that parish. Etymology and use First attested in English in the late, 13th century, the word ''parish'' comes from the Old French ''paroisse'', in turn from la, paroecia, the latinisation of the grc, παροικία, paroikia, "sojourning in a foreign ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sharecroppers
Sharecropping is a legal arrangement with regard to agricultural land in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on that land. Sharecropping has a long history and there are a wide range of different situations and types of agreements that have used a form of the system. Some are governed by tradition, and others by law. The Italian ''mezzadria'', the French ''métayage'', the Catalan '' masoveria'', the Castilian ''mediero'', the Slavic ''połowcy'' and ''izdolshchina'', and the Islamic system of ''muzara‘a'' (المزارعة), are examples of legal systems that have supported sharecropping. Overview Sharecropping has benefits and costs for both the owners and the tenant. Under a sharecropping system, the landowner provided a share of land to be worked by the sharecropper, and usually provided other necessities such as housing, tools, seed, or working animals. Local merchants usually provided food and other supplies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cottage Industry
The putting-out system is a means of subcontracting work. Historically, it was also known as the workshop system and the domestic system. In putting-out, work is contracted by a central agent to subcontractors who complete the project via remote work. It was used in the English and American textile industries, in shoemaking, lock-making trades, and making parts for small firearms from the Industrial Revolution until the mid-19th century. After the invention of the sewing machine in 1846, the system lingered on for the making of ready-made men's clothing. The domestic system was suited to pre-urban times because workers did not have to travel from home to work, which was quite unfeasible due to the state of roads and footpaths, and members of the household spent many hours in farm or household tasks. Early factory owners sometimes had to build dormitories to house workers, especially girls and women. Putting-out workers had some flexibility to balance farm and household chores wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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