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Epicenity
Epicenity is the lack of gender distinction, often reducing the emphasis on the masculine to allow the feminine. It includes androgyny – having both masculine and feminine characteristics. The adjective '' gender-neutral'' may describe epicenity (and both terms are associated with the terms ''gender-neutral language'', ''gender-neutral pronoun'', ''gender-blind'', and ''unisex''). Specialized uses In linguistics, an ''epicene'' word has the same form for male and for female referents. In some cases, the term ''common gender'' is also used, but should not be confused with ''common'' or ''appellative'' as a contrary to ''proper'' (as in ''proper noun''). In English, for example, the epicene (or common) nouns ''cousin'' and ''violinist'' can refer to a man or a woman, and so can the epicene (or common) pronoun ''one''. The noun ''stewardess'' and the third-person singular pronoun ''she'' on the other hand are not epicene (or common). [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ambiguous Gender
In Spanish, grammatical gender is a linguistic feature that affects different types of words and how they agree with each other. It applies to nouns, adjectives, determiners, and pronouns. Every Spanish noun has a specific gender, either masculine or feminine, in the context of a sentence. Generally, nouns referring to males or male animals are masculine, while those referring to females are feminine. In terms of importance, the masculine gender is the default or ''unmarked'', while the feminine gender is ''marked'' or distinct. Many gender-related features are common across Romance languages. However, Spanish differs from other Romance languages, like French and Italian, in its kinship terms. For instance, the Spanish words for "uncle" and "aunt" are ' and ' respectively, while in French, they are ' and '. Similarly, the Spanish words for "brother" and "sister" are ' and ', whereas in Italian, they are ' and '. Another unique aspect of Spanish is that personal pronouns have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gender-neutral Pronoun
A third-person pronoun is a pronoun that refers to an entity other than the speaker or listener. Some languages, such as Slavic, with gender-specific pronouns have them as part of a grammatical gender system, a system of agreement where most or all nouns have a value for this grammatical category. A few languages with gender-specific pronouns, such as English, Afrikaans, Defaka, Khmu, Malayalam, Tamil, and Yazgulyam, lack grammatical gender; in such languages, gender usually adheres to " natural gender", which is often based on biological sex. Other languages, including most Austronesian languages, lack gender distinctions in personal pronouns entirely, as well as any system of grammatical gender. In languages with pronominal gender, problems of usage may arise in contexts where a person of unspecified or unknown social gender is being referred to but commonly available pronouns are gender-specific. Different solutions to this issue have been proposed and used in various l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gender
Gender is the range of social, psychological, cultural, and behavioral aspects of being a man (or boy), woman (or girl), or third gender. Although gender often corresponds to sex, a transgender person may identify with a gender other than their sex assigned at birth. Most cultures use a gender binary, in which gender is divided into two categories, and people are considered part of one or the other;Kevin L. Nadal, ''The Sage Encyclopedia of Psychology and Gender'' (2017, ), p. 401: "Most cultures currently construct their societies based on the understanding of gender binary—the two gender categorizations (male and female). Such societies divide their population based on biological sex assigned to individuals at birth to begin the process of gender socialization." those who are outside these groups may fall under the umbrella term '' non-binary''. Some societies have ''third genders'' (and ''fourth genders'', etc.) such as the hijras of South Asia and two-spirit per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Generic Antecedent
Generic antecedents are representatives of classes, referred to in ordinary language by another word (most often a pronoun), in a situation in which gender is typically unknown or irrelevant. These mostly arise in generalizations and are particularly common in abstract, theoretical or strategic discourse. Examples (with the antecedent in boldface and the referring pronoun in ''italics'') include "readers of Wikipedia appreciate ''their'' encyclopedia", "the customer ''who'' spends in this market". The question of appropriate style for using pronouns to refer to such generic antecedents in the English language became politicized in the 1970s, and remains a matter of substantial dispute. Treatment in various languages Many languages share the following issue with English: the generic antecedent is a representative individual of a class, whose gender is unknown or irrelevant, but pronouns are gender-specific. In languages such as English that distinguish natural gender in pron ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Androgyny
Androgyny is the possession of both masculine and feminine characteristics. Androgyny may be expressed with regard to Sex, biological sex or gender expression. When ''androgyny'' refers to mixed biological sex characteristics in humans, it often refers to conditions in which characteristics of both sexes are expressed in a single individual. These are known as intersex people, or those who are born with congenital variations that complicate Sex assignment, assigning their sex at birth, as they do not correspond entirely to the male or female sexes. A subsection of intersex people, those who have fully developed sexual organs of both sexes, are called hermaphrodites, though the term is considered highly offensive by the intersex community. Etymology The term derives from , from , Word stem, stem - (''anér, andro-'', meaning man) and (''gunē, gyné'', meaning woman) through the . History Androgyny is attested from earliest history and across world cultures. In ancient Sume ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gender-neutral
Gender neutrality (adjective form: gender-neutral), also known as gender-neutralism or the gender neutrality movement, is the idea that policies, Gender-neutral language, language, and other social institutions (social structures or gender roles) should avoid distinguishing roles according to people's sex or gender. This is in order to avoid gender discrimination, discrimination arising from the impression that there are Gender role, social roles for which one gender is more suited than another. The disparity in gender equality throughout history has had a significant impact on many aspects of society, including marketing, toys, education and parenting techniques. In order to increase gender neutrality in recent years, there has been a societal emphasis on utilizing Gender-neutral language, inclusive language and advocating for equality. In policy Proponents of gender neutrality may support public policies designed to eliminate gender distinctions. Gender neutrality in the law has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gender-neutral Language
Gender-neutral language or gender-inclusive language is language that avoids reference towards a particular sex or gender. In English, this includes use of nouns that are not gender-specific to refer to roles or professions, formation of phrases in a coequal manner, and discontinuing the collective use of male or female terms. For example, the words ''policeman'' and ''stewardess'' are gender-specific job titles; the corresponding gender-neutral terms are ''police officer'' and ''flight attendant''. Other gender-specific terms, such as ''actor'' and ''actress'', may be replaced by the originally male term; for example, ''actor'' used regardless of gender. Some terms, such as ''chairman'', that contain the component ''-man'' but have traditionally been used to refer to persons regardless of sex are now seen by some as gender-specific. An example of forming phrases in a coequal manner would be using ''husband and wife'' instead of ''man and wife''. Examples of discontinuing the coll ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gender Marking In Job Titles
A gender-specific job title is a name of a job that also specifies or implies the gender of the person performing that job. For example, in English, the job titles ''stewardess'' and ''seamstress'' imply that the person is female, whilst the corresponding job titles ''steward'' and ''seamster'' imply that the person is male. A gender-neutral job title, on the other hand, is one that does not specify or imply gender, such as ''firefighter'' or ''lawyer''. In some cases, it may be debatable whether a title is gender-specific; for example, ''chairman'' appears to denote a male (because of the ending ''-man''), but the title is also applied sometimes to women. Proponents of gender-neutral language generally advocate the use of gender-neutral job titles, particularly in contexts where the gender of the person in question is not known or not specified. For example, they prefer ''flight attendant'' to ''stewardess'' or ''steward'', and ''police officer'' to ''policeman'' or ''policewoman' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gender Neutrality In English
Gender-neutral language is language that avoids assumptions about the social gender or biological sex of people referred to in speech or writing. In contrast to most other Indo-European languages, English does not retain grammatical gender and most of its nouns, adjectives and pronouns are therefore not gender-specific. In most other Indo-European languages, nouns are grammatically masculine (as in Spanish ''el humano'') or grammatically feminine (as in French ''la personne''), or sometimes grammatically neuter (as in German ''das Mädchen''), regardless of the actual gender of the referent. In addressing natural gender, English speakers use linguistic strategies that may reflect the speaker's attitude to the issue or the perceived social acceptability of such strategies. Debate Supporters of gender-neutral language argue that making language less biased is not only laudable but also achievable. Some people find the use of non-neutral language to be offensive. here isa grow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gender Neutrality In Spanish
Feminist language reform has proposed gender neutrality in languages with grammatical gender, such as Spanish language, Spanish. Grammatical gender in Spanish refers to how Spanish nouns are categorized as either masculine (often ending in -o) or feminine (often ending in -a). As in other Romance languages—such as Portuguese language, Portuguese, to which Spanish Differences between Spanish and Portuguese, is very similar—a group of both men and women, or someone of unknown gender, is usually referred to by the masculine form of a noun and/or pronoun. Advocates of gender-neutral language modification consider this to be sexist, and exclusive of gender non-conforming people. They also stress the underlying sexism of words whose feminine form has a different, often less prestigious meaning. Some argue that a gender neutral Spanish can reduce gender stereotyping, deconstructing sexist gender roles and discrimination in the workplace. Grammatical background In Spanish, the masc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Episkyros
''Episkyros'', or ''episcyrus'' (, , ; also , , ) was an Ancient Greek ball game. The game was typically played between two teams of 12 to 14 players each, being highly teamwork-oriented. The game allowed full contact and usage of the hands. While it was typically men who played, women also occasionally participated. Although it was a ball game, it was quite violent (at least in Sparta). The game is comparable to rugby, American football, or '' calcio storico fiorentino'', at least in concept. The two teams would attempt to throw the ball over the heads of the other team. There was a white line called the between the teams, and another white line behind each team. The teams would change possession of the ball often, until one of the teams was forced behind their line. In Sparta, a form of ''episkyros'' was played during an annual city festival that included five teams of 14 players. The Greek game of ''episkyros'', or a similar game called () was later adopted by the Roma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
