Enriqueta Lozano
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Enriqueta Lozano
Enriqueta Lozano y Velázquez de Vilchez (Granada, 18 August 1829/30 – Granada, 5 May 1895) was a Spanish writer, novelist, poet, dramatic author, and publicist of the late Romanticism period, with traditional features. Deeply religious, Lozano's writing stemmed from a conservative, traditional, moralizing, and sensibility point of view. Writing more than two hundred works, she published as "Enriqueta Lozano" before marriage and as "Enriqueta Lozano de Vilchez" afterward. Early life and education Enriqueta Lozano y Velázquez was born on 18 August 1829 in Granada, Spain. She was the daughter of Infantry Lieutenant Francisco de Paula Lozano and María Rosario Velázquez. Enriqueta's mother died when the child was six years old, and after her father's remarriage, the stepmother when Enriqueta was eight. Her father was disabled by war wounds in 1836. At the age of seven, she entered the Beguinage of Santo Domingo in Granada, the center where the Empress Eugénie de Montijo was edu ...
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Granada
Granada ( ; ) is the capital city of the province of Granada, in the autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Granada is located at the foot of the Sierra Nevada (Spain), Sierra Nevada mountains, at the confluence of four rivers, the Darro (river), Darro, the Genil, the Monachil (river), Monachil and the Beiro. Ascribed to the Vega de Granada ''comarca'', the city sits at an average elevation of Above mean sea level, above sea level, yet is only one hour by car from the Mediterranean coast, the Costa Tropical. Nearby is the Sierra Nevada Ski Station, where the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1996 were held. In the 2021 national census, the population of the city of Granada proper was 227,383, and the population of the entire municipal area was estimated to be 231,775, ranking as the Ranked lists of Spanish municipalities, 20th-largest urban area of Spain. About 3.3% of the population did not hold Spanish citizenship, the largest number of these ...
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Madrid
Madrid ( ; ) is the capital and List of largest cities in Spain, most populous municipality of Spain. It has almost 3.5 million inhabitants and a Madrid metropolitan area, metropolitan area population of approximately 7 million. It is the Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits, second-largest city in the European Union (EU), and its wikt:monocentric, monocentric Madrid metropolitan area, metropolitan area is the List of metropolitan areas in Europe by population, second-largest in the EU.United Nations Department of Economic and Social AffairWorld Urbanization Prospects (2007 revision), (United Nations, 2008), Table A.12. Data for 2007. The municipality covers geographical area. Madrid lies on the Manzanares (river), River Manzanares in the central part of the Iberian Peninsula at about above mean sea level. The capital city of both Spain and the surrounding Community of Madrid, autonomous community of Madrid (since 1983), it is also th ...
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1895 Deaths
Events January * January 5 – Dreyfus affair: French officer Alfred Dreyfus is stripped of his army rank and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island (off French Guiana) on what is much later admitted to be a false charge of treason. * January 6 – The Wilcox rebellion, an attempt led by Robert Wilcox to overthrow the Republic of Hawaii and restore the Kingdom of Hawaii, begins with royalist troops landing at Waikiki Beach in O'ahu and clashing with republican defenders. The rebellion ends after three days and the remaining 190 royalists are taken prisoners of war. * January 12 – Britain's National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty is founded by Octavia Hill, Robert Hunter and Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley. * January 13 – First Italo-Ethiopian War: Battle of Coatit – Italian forces defeat the Ethiopians. * January 15 – A warehouse fire and dynamite explosion kills 57 people, including 13 firefighters in B ...
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1829 Births
Events January–March * January 19 – Ernst August Friedrich Klingemann, August Klingemann's adaptation of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's ''Goethe's Faust, Faust'' premieres in Braunschweig. * February 27 – Battle of Tarqui: Troops of Gran Colombia and Peru battle to a draw. * March 11 – German composer Felix Mendelssohn conducts the first performance of Johann Sebastian Bach's ''St Matthew Passion'' since the latter's death in 1750, in Berlin; the success of this performance sparks a revival of interest in Bach. * March 21 – The bloodless Wellington–Winchilsea duel takes place at Battersea near London * March 22 – Greece receives autonomy from the Ottoman Empire in the London Protocol (1829), London Protocol, signed by Russian Empire, Russia, France and Britain, effectively ending the Greek War of Independence. Greece continues to seek full independence through diplomatic negotiations with the three Great Powers. * March 31 – Pope Pius VIII succeeds Pope Leo ...
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Occitans
The Occitans () are a Romance-speaking ethnic group originating in the historical region of Occitania (southern France, northeastern Spain, and northwestern Italy and Monaco). They have been also called Gascons, Provençals, and Auvergnats.The Occitan members of the Order of Malta were grouped into two tongues, of Provence and Auvergne. The Occitan language Occitan (; ), also known by its native speakers as (; ), sometimes also referred to as Provençal, is a Romance language spoken in Southern France, Monaco, Italy's Occitan Valleys, as well as Spain's Val d'Aran in Catalonia; collectively, ... is still used to varying levels by between 100,000 and 800,000 speakers in southern France and northern Italy. Since 2006, the Occitan language is recognized as one of the Languages of Spain, official languages in Catalonia, an autonomous region of Spain. The Occitans are concentrated in Occitania, but also in large urban centres in neighbouring regions: Lyon, Paris, Turin, an ...
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Atheism
Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the Existence of God, existence of Deity, deities. Less broadly, atheism is a rejection of the belief that any deities exist. In an even narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there no deities. Atheism is contrasted with theism, which is the belief that at least one deity exists. Historically, evidence of atheistic viewpoints can be traced back to classical antiquity and Nāstika, early Indian philosophy. In the Western world, atheism declined after Christianity gained prominence. The 16th century and the Age of Enlightenment marked the resurgence of atheistic thought in Europe. Atheism achieved a significant position worldwide in the 20th century. Estimates of those who have an absence of belief in a god range from 500 million to 1.1 billion people. Atheist organizations have defended the autonomy of science, freedom of thought, secularism, and secular ethics. Arguments for atheism range from p ...
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Religiosity
The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' defines religiosity as: "Religiousness; religious feeling or belief. ..Affected or excessive religiousness". Different scholars have seen this concept as broadly about religious orientations and degrees of involvement or commitment. The contrast between "religious" and "" (superficially religious) and the concept of "strengthening" faith suggest differences in the intensity of religiosity. Scholars attempt to measure religiosity at the levels of individuals or groups, but differ as to what behaviors constitute religiosity. Sociologists of religion have observed that an individual's experience, beliefs, sense of belonging, and general behavior often are not congruent with their religious behavior, since there is much diversity in how one can be religious or not. Problems arise in measuring religiosity. For instance, measures of variables such as church attendance produce different results when different methods are used, such as traditional ...
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Pedro Antonio De Alarcón
Pedro Antonio de Alarcón y Ariza (10 March 183319 July 1891) was a nineteenth-century Spanish novelist, known best for his novel '' El sombrero de tres picos'' (1874), an adaptation of popular traditions which provides a description of village life in Alarcón's native region of Andalusia. It was the basis for Hugo Wolf's opera '' Der Corregidor'' (1897); for Riccardo Zandonai's opera '' La farsa amorosa'' (1933); and Manuel de Falla's ballet '' The Three-Cornered Hat'' (1919). Alarcón wrote another popular short novel, ' ('Captain Poison', 1881). He produced four other full-length novels. One of these novels, '' El escándalo'' ('The Scandal', 1875), became noted for its keen psychological insights. Alarcón also wrote three travel books and many short stories and essays. Alarcón was born in Guadix, near Granada Granada ( ; ) is the capital city of the province of Granada, in the autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Granada is lo ...
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Ayuntamiento De Granada
The Ayuntamiento de Granada is the institution charged with the government and administration of the Spanish municipality of Granada. History ;Early modern period Following the conquest of Granada in 1492, the offices of ''corregidor'' and ''regidor(es)'' were established in Granada. While the Constitutive Charter granted by the Catholic Monarchs on 20 September 1500 has been traditionally framed by most authors as the point of origin of the city's municipal regime, the document has been more recently argued to rather be a reform or restructuration of preexisting political realities. The latter royal stipulations established a municipal institutional structure consisting of 1 ''corregidor'', 24 regidores and 2 ordinary '' alcaldes'', remaining a ''corregimiento'' from then on for most of the Early Modern period. Throughout this period, the number of ''regidores'' ranged from 44 (1587) to 15 (1787), while a military background (''capa y espada'') prevailed vis-à-vis the extract ...
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Fernán Caballero
Fernán Caballero (24 December 1796 – 7 April 1877) was the pseudonym of Spanish novelist Cecilia Francisca Josefa Böhl de Faber y Ruiz de Larrea. She was daughter of German writer Johann Nikolaus Böhl von Faber and Spanish writer Frasquita Larrea. Her pen name was adopted from that of a village in the province of Ciudad Real. Life Born at Morges in Switzerland, Cecilia Francisca Josefa Böhl und Lütkens y Ruiz de Larrea was the daughter of Johann Nikolaus Böhl von Faber, a German merchant from Hamburg, who lived long in Spain, married Frasquita Larrea, a native of Cádiz, and he is creditably known to students of Spanish literature as the editor of the ''Floresta de rimas antiguas castellanas'' (1821–1825), and the ''Teatro español anterior a Lope de Vega'' (1832). She was educated principally at Hamburg, visited Spain in 1815, and in 1816 married Antonio Planells y Bardaxi, an infantry captain of bad character. In the following year Planells was killed in action, ...
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Carolina Coronado
Victoria Carolina Coronado y Romero de Tejada (12 December 1820 – 15 January 1911) was a Spanish writer, famous for her poetry, considered the equivalent of contemporary Romantic authors like Rosalía de Castro. As one of the most well-known poets writing in mid-19th-century Spain, she also played a diplomatic role (she was married to Horatio Perry, the American Secretary of the U.S. Legation in Madrid.) She both negotiated with the Spanish royal family in private and, through a series of widely published poems, promoted the aims of the Lincoln administration, especially abolition of slavery.Lisa Surwillo, "Poetic Diplomacy: Carolina Coronado and the American Civil War." ''Comparative American Studies An International Journal'' 5.4 (2007): 409-422. Youth Victoria Carolina Coronado y Romero de Tejada was born on 12 December 1820 in Almendralejo, Badajoz in the province of Extremadura. She was the daughter of Nicolás Coronado y Gallardo and María Antonia Romero de Tejada y Fa ...
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María Del Pilar Sinués
María del Pilar Sinués y Navarro de Marco (19 December 1835, Zaragoza, Aragon - 20 November 1893, Madrid), was a popular and prolific 19th-century Spanish writer of various genres including novels, poetry, and informative works. She used the pen name Laura for her journalistic articles in the magazine she directed. Sinues lived entirely off of her literary production. Her 1857 conduct book, ''El ángel del hogar'' (The angel of the house), was reprinted for at least thirty years, the last edition being published in 1881.Molina Puertos, Isabel. “La doble cara del discurso doméstico en la España liberal: El Ángel del hogar de Pilar Sinués”. ''Pasado y Memoria''. N. 8 (2009). ISSN 1579-3311, pp. 181-197 She was the founder and editor-in-chief of two popular women's magazines, ''El Angel del Hogar'' (1864-1869) and ''Flores y Perlas'' (1883-1884). Early life and education María del Pilar Sinués y Navarro was born on 19 December 1835 in Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. She was the ...
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