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Enlil-bani
Enlil-bāni,Inscribed d''En-líl-dù'' or d''En-líl-ba-ni''. ca. 1798 BC – 1775 BC (short chronology) or 1860 – 1837 BC (middle chronology), was the 10th king of the 1st Dynasty of Isin and reigned 24 years according to the ''Ur-Isin kinglist''.''Ur-Isin kinglist'' line 15. He is best known for the legendary and perhaps apocryphal manner of his ascendancy. Biography A certain Ikūn-pî-Ištar''I-k -unpi-Iš''8''-tár''. is recorded as having ruled for 6 months or a year, between the reigns of Erra-imittī and Enlil-bāni according to two variant copies of a chronicle. Glassner’s manuscript’s C and D. Another chronicleThe Babylonian chronicle fragment 1 B ii 1-8. which might have shed further light on his origins is too broken to translate. A lengthy inscription proclaims: Hegemony over Nippur was fleeting, with control of the city passing back and forth between Isin and Larsa several times. Uruk, too, seceded during his reign and, as his power crumbled, he may have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dynasty Of Isin
The Dynasty of Isin refers to the final ruling dynasty listed on the ''Sumerian King List'' (''SKL''). The list of the Kings Isin with the length of their reigns, also appears on a cuneiform document listing the kings of Ur and Isin, the ''List of Reigns of Kings of Ur and Isin'' (MS 1686). The dynasty was situated within the ancient city of Isin (today known as the archaeological site of Isin, Ishan al-Bahriyat). It is believed to have flourished circa 1953—1717 BCE according to the short chronology timeline of the ancient Near East. It was preceded on the ''Sumerian King List'' by the Third Dynasty of Ur. The Dynasty of Isin is often associated with the nearby and contemporary dynasty of Larsa (1961-1674 BC), and they are often regrouped for periodization purposes under the name "Isin-Larsa period". Both dynasties were succeeded by the First Dynasty of Babylon, First Babylonian Empire. History Reign of Ishbi-Erra Ishbi-Erra (''fl.'' ''c.'' 1953—1920 BCE by the short chrono ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isin
Isin (, modern Arabic: Ishan al-Bahriyat) is an archaeological site in Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate, Iraq. Excavations have shown that it was an important city-state in the past. History of archaeological research Ishan al-Bahriyat was visited by Stephen Herbert Langdon for a day to conduct a sounding, while he was excavating at Kish in 1924. Most of the major archaeological work at Isin was accomplished in 11 seasons between 1973 and 1989 by a team of German archaeologists led by Barthel Hrouda. However, as was the case at many sites in Iraq, research was interrupted by the Gulf War (1990-1) and the Iraq War (2003 to 2011). Since the end of excavations, extensive looting is reported to have occurred at the site. Even when the German team began their work, the site had already been heavily looted. Isin and its environment Isin is located approximately south of Nippur. It is a tell, or settlement mound, about across and with a maximum height of . History The site of Isin wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ninisina
Ninisina ( Sumerian: "Mistress of Isin") was a Mesopotamian goddess who served as the tutelary deity of the city of Isin. She was considered a healing deity. She was believed to be skilled in the medical arts, and could be described as a divine physician or midwife. As an extension of her medical role, she was also believed to be capable of expelling various demons. Her symbols included dogs, commonly associated with healing goddesses in Mesopotamia, as well as tools and garments associated with practitioners of medicine. While Ninisina was initially considered to be an unmarried and childless goddess, the god Pabilsag eventually came to be viewed as her husband. Her children were Damu and Gunura, like her considered to be healing deities, as well as Šumaḫ, who also served as her sukkal, a type of divine attendant. Further members of her court included Ninarali, a goddess associated with the underworld, harpist goddesses Ninigizibara and Ninḫinuna, and sometimes Ninshubur. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ninlil
Ninlil ( D NIN.LÍL; meaning uncertain) was a Mesopotamian goddess regarded as the wife of Enlil. She shared many of his functions, especially the responsibility for declaring destinies, and like him was regarded as a senior deity and head of the pantheon. She is also well attested as the mother of his children, such as the underworld god Nergal, the moon god Nanna or the warrior god Ninurta. She was chiefly worshiped in Nippur and nearby Tummal alongside Enlil, and multiple temples and shrines dedicated to her are attested from these cities. In the first millennium BCE she was also introduced to Ḫursaĝkalamma near Kish, where she was worshiped alongside the goddess Bizilla, who was likely her sukkal (attendant deity). At an early date Ninlil was identified with the goddess Sud from Shuruppak, like her associated with Enlil, and eventually fully absorbed her. In the myth ''Enlil and Sud'', Ninlil is the name Sud received after marrying Enlil. Nisaba, the goddess of writing, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erra-imitti
Erra-Imittī, (cuneiform: d''èr-ra-i-mit-ti''''Ur-Isin King List'' 14. or ''èr-ra-''ZAG.LU''Chronicle of Early Kings'' (ABC 20) A 31 to 36 and repeated as B 1 to 7. meaning “Support of Erra”) ca. 1805–1799 BC (short chronology) or ca. 1868–1861 BC (middle chronology), was king of Isin, modern Ishan al-Bahriyat, and according to the ''Sumerian King List'' ruled for eight years. He succeeded Lipit-Enlil, with whom his relationship is uncertain and was a contemporary and rival of Sūmû-El and Nūr-Adad of the parallel dynasty of Larsa. He is best known for the legendary tale of his demise, Shaffer’s “gastronomic mishap”. Biography He seems to have recovered control of Nippur from Larsa early in his reign but perhaps lost it again, as its recovery is celebrated again by his successor. The later regnal year-names offer some glimmer of events, for example “the year following the year Erra-Imittī seized Kisurra"BM 85348: mu ús-sa ki-sur-raki dÌr-ra-i-mi-ti ba-an-d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zambiya
Zambīia, d''za-am-bi-ia'', c. 1774 – 1772 BC (short chronology) or c. 1836 – 1834 BC (middle chronology), was the 11th king of the 1st Dynasty of Isin. He is best known for his defeat at the hands of Sin-iqišam, king of Larsa. Biography According to the ''Sumerian King List'',The ''Sumerian King List'', WB 444, Ash. 1923.444, the Weld-Blundell prism. Zambīia reigned for 3 years. He was a contemporary of Sin-iqišam king of Larsa, whose fifth and final year-name celebrates his victory over Zambīia: “year the army of (the land of) Elam (and Zambīia (the king of Isin),) was/were defeated by arms,” suggesting a confederation between Isin and Elam against Larsa. The city of Nippur was hotly contested between the city-states. If Zambīia survived this battle, he may have possibly gone on to be contemporary with Sin-iqišam’s successors, Ṣilli-Adad and Warad-Sin. A single inscription is known for this king, on cone fragments,A 7557, IM 77073. which reads: A votive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ikūn-pî-Ištar
Ikūn-pî-Ištar, meaning “Ištar's word has come true” and inscribed 'i-k'''u-un-pi''4''-eš''4''-tár'', was a Mesopotamian king (ca. 1825–1799 BC short chronology) of uncertain jurisdiction, Jakobson suggested Uruk, presumably preceding Sîn-kāšid, contemporary with the latter part of the 1st Dynasty of Isin. History He appears on two variant Sumerian King List fragments, one of which has him followed by Sumu-abum (ca. 1830—1817 BC) of Babylon, the other sandwiched between the reigns of Erra-Imittī (ca. 1805–1799 BC) and Enlil-bāni (ca. 1798 BC – 1775 BC) the kings of Isin. This gives his reign as six months or a year depending on which variant is cited. Glassner’s manuscript’s C and D. Sūmû-El, the king of Larsa’s fifth year name (ca 1825 BC) celebrates a victory over the forces of Uruk during a time when it was independent. A haematite cylinderCylinder seal BM 121209. seal in the British Museum attests to a servant of pî-Ištar, which may be an a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iddin-Dagan
Iddin-Dagan ( akk, , dingir, Di-din-dingir, Dda-gan), ''Floruit, fl.'' ''c.'' 1910 BC — ''c.'' 1890 BC by the short chronology or ''c.'' 1975 BC — ''c.'' 1954 BC by the middle chronology) was the 3rd king of the dynasty of Isin. Iddin-Dagan was preceded by his father Shu-Ilishu. Ishme-Dagan, Išme-Dagān then succeeded Iddin-Dagan. Iddin-Dagan reigned for 21 years (according to the ''Sumerian King List''.)''Sumerian King List'' extant in 16 copies. He is best known for his participation in the sacred marriage rite and the sexually-explicit hymn that described it. Biography His titles included: “Mighty King” — “King of Isin” — “King of Ur” — “King of the Land of Sumer and Akkad (region), Akkad.”''lugal-kala-ga'', ''lugal-i-si-in-''KI''-ga'' (''lugal-''KI''-úri-ma''), ''lugal-''KI''-en-gi-''KI''-uri-ke''4. The first year name recorded on a receipt for flour and datesTablet UM 55-21-102, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chronicle Of Early Kings
The Chronicle of Early Kings, Chronicle 20 in Grayson’s ''Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles'' and Mesopotamian Chronicle 40 in Glassner’s ''Chroniques mésopotamiennes'' is preserved on two tablets, tablet ABM 26472 (98-5-14, 290) tablet A. is well preserved whereas tablet BBM 96152 (1902-4-12, 264) tablet B. is broken and the text fragmentary. Episodic in character, it seems to have been composed from linking together the apodoses of omen literature, excerpts of the Weidner Chronicle and year-names. It begins with events from the late third-millennium reign of Sargon of Akkad and ends, where the tablet is broken away, with that of Agum III, c.a 1500 BC. A third Babylonian Chronicle Fragment B, Mesopotamian Chronicle 41 deals with related subject matter and may be a variant tradition of the same type of work. The text Tablet A begins with a lengthy passage concerning the rise and eventual downfall of Sargon of Akkad, caused by his impious treatment of Babylon: This s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nintinugga
Nintinugga (also transcribed Nintinuga) was a Mesopotamian goddess associated with medicine and cleansing. She belonged to the local pantheon of Nippur. While she has been compared to other similar goddesses, such as Ninisina and Gula, and in a number of ancient texts they appear to be syncretised with each other or are treated as interchangeable, she was nonetheless a distinct deity in her own right. She was associated with Enlil and Ninlil, and was worshiped in their temples, though houses of worship dedicated only to her are also attested. Character Nintinugga's name is conventionally translated from Sumerian as "Mistress who revives the dead." However, Barbara Böck notes this interpretation might only reflect an "ancient scholarly etymology." It is possible it initially had a different meaning, with one proposal being "lady of the lofty wine," and only from the reign of Uruinimgina onward it started to be written with the cuneiform sign ''ug5'', "to die." An epithet someti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clay Nail
Used by Sumerians and other Mesopotamian cultures beginning in the third millennium BC, clay nails, also referred to as dedication or foundation pegs, cones, or nails, were cone-shaped nails made of clay, inscribed with cuneiform, baked, and stuck into the mudbrick walls to serve as evidence that the temple or building was the divine property of the god to whom it was dedicated. Versions were also made of metal, including castings with figurative designs, such as the Hurrian foundation pegs (Syria, c. 2300 – c. 2159 BCE). Additionally, uninscribed clay cones painted in different colors were used by Sumerians to create decorative mosaic patterns on walls and pillars of buildings, which also offered some protection against weathering. The similar funerary cones of ancient Egypt used the cone base as the major writing surface. Foundation nail examples As some of the oldest 'documents' in history, the sponsor, responsible for the construction, or dedication of a work, some of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
18th-century BC Sumerian Kings
The 18th century lasted from January 1, 1701 (Roman numerals, MDCCI) to December 31, 1800 (Roman numerals, MDCCC). During the 18th century, elements of Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment thinking culminated in the American Revolution, American, French Revolution, French, and Haitian Revolution, Haitian Revolutions. During the century, History of slavery, slave trading and human trafficking expanded across the shores of the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, while declining in Russian Empire, Russia, Qing dynasty, China, and Joseon, Korea. Revolutions began to challenge the legitimacy of monarchical and aristocratic power structures, including the structures and beliefs that Proslavery, supported slavery. The Industrial Revolution began during mid-century, leading to radical changes in Society, human society and the Natural environment, environment. Western historians have occasionally defined the 18th century otherwise for the purposes of their work. For example, the "short" 18th cen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
