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Enhydrictis
''Enhydrictis'' is a genus of extinct mustelid, belonging to the subfamily Galictinae. The type species, and best known, is ''Enhydrictis galictoides'' from the Pleistocene of Sardinia and Corsica. Taxonomy The exact number of species of ''Enhydrictis'' has been a matter of debate. One species, ''Pannonictis'' ''pilgrimi'' has been classified as a belonging to ''Enhydictis'' (as ''Enydrictis ardea''), although this is unlikely. A 2019 study also suggests that the genus '' Oriensictis'' of Asia should be considered a synonym of ''Enhydrictis'' as well. In 2016, a new species from Algeria was described. Known as ''Enhydrictis hoffstetteri'', it is the first member of the genus known from Africa. Other scholars have considered the attribution of this species to ''Enhydrictis'' doubtful, and that the species should be placed in ''Pannonictis'' instead. In 2018 a new species, ''Enhydrictis praegalictoides'' was described from Middle Pleistocene aged sites on Sardinia, which is likely ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mammuthus Lamarmorai
''Mammuthus lamarmorai'' is a species of mammoth which lived during the late Middle and Upper Pleistocene (between 450,000 and perhaps 40,000 years) on the island of Sardinia. ''M. lamarmorai'' is a dwarf species, as it is estimated to have reached a shoulder height of only 1.4 m and weighed about 550 kg. This pygmy mammoth has been found mostly in the fine-grained sediments of the western part of the island. Features There is a great deal of fossil material known for ''M. lamarmorai'', which includes cranial, dental, and post-cranial findings. Despite this wealth of material, no complete skeleton is known. Of the few known molars only one represents the rearmost tooth, which is 13 cm long and 6.9 cm wide, with at least eleven ridges on the enamel.Maria Rita Palombo: ''Elephants in miniature.'' In: Harald Meller (ed.): ''Elefantenreich – Eine Fossilwelt in Europa.'' Halle/Saale, 2010, pp. 275–295 The humerus reaches a length of 45 cm. The few discov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corsica
Corsica ( , Upper , Southern ; it, Corsica; ; french: Corse ; lij, Còrsega; sc, Còssiga) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 18 regions of France. It is the fourth-largest island in the Mediterranean and lies southeast of the French mainland, west of the Italian Peninsula and immediately north of the Italian island of Sardinia, which is the land mass nearest to it. A single chain of mountains makes up two-thirds of the island. , it had a population of 349,465. The island is a territorial collectivity of France. The regional capital is Ajaccio. Although the region is divided into two administrative departments, Haute-Corse and Corse-du-Sud, their respective regional and departmental territorial collectivities were merged on 1 January 2018 to form the single territorial collectivity of Corsica. As such, Corsica enjoys a greater degree of autonomy than other French regional collectivities; for example, the Corsican Assembly is permitted to exercise limit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prolagus Sardus
The Sardinian pika (''Prolagus sardus'') is an extinct species of pika that was endemic to the islands of Sardinia, Corsica and neighbouring Mediterranean islands until its extinction likely in Ancient Rome, Roman times. Unlike living pikas, which all belong to the genus ''Ochotona,'' the Sardinian pika was the last surviving member of the genus ''Prolagus,'' a genus of pika once widespread throughout western Eurasia and North Africa during the Miocene and Pliocene epochs. Anatomy The full skeletal structure of the Sardinian pika was reconstructed in 1967, thanks to the numerous finds of bones in Corbeddu Cave, which is near Oliena, Sardinia. Some years later, from these remains, the same researchers led by paleontologist Mary R. Dawson from the US were able to create a plaster reconstruction with good accuracy. The Sardinian pika was probably much stockier and more robust than extant species of pikas, and it probably resembled a sort of cross between a large wild rabbit and a pi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhagamys Orthodon
''Rhagamys'' is an extinct genus of rodents in the subfamily Murinae, the Old World mice and rats. The genus was established by the Swiss zoologist Charles Immanuel Forsyth Major to accommodate ''Rhagamys orthodon'', commonly known as Hensel's field mouse or the Tyrrhenian field rat, which is the only species in the genus. It was endemic to the Mediterranean islands of Corsica and Sardinia, where it first appeared in the fossil record in the Late Pleistocene, and was relatively large in size, weighing up to 50 g. Its closest living relatives are of the genus ''Apodemus''. Taxonomy and evolution The ancestors of ''Rhagamys'', belonging the widespread genus ''Rhagapodemus'', first arrived in Corsica-Sardinia during the Early-Late Pliocene transition, around 3.6 million years ago. Three chronospecies of the lineage have been named, including "''Rhagapodemus''" ''azzarolii'' from the earliest Late Pliocene, followed by "''Rhagapodemus''" ''minor'' from the Early Pleistocene, succeeded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pannonictis
''Pannonictis'' is a genus of extinct mustelids. It is first known from the very Late Pliocene and survived until the end of the Villafranchian, and is most commonly recorded from deposits between 2.6 and 1.4 Ma. Remains of ''Pannonictis'' have been found throughout Eurasia, from the Iberian peninsula to eastern China. Taxonomy ''Pannonictis'' is closely related to another prehistoric genus, ''Enhydrictis''. At least three species are recognized; ''P. pliocaenica'', ''P. pachygnatha'' and ''P. nestii''. Another species known as ''P. pilgrimi'' is no longer valid, and most likely a synonym of ''P. pliocaenica''. Description As with many living mustelids, ''Pannonictis'' likely displayed pronounced sexual dimorphism. In fact, the small species known as ''P. pilgrimi'' is now often considered merely a female form of the larger ''P. pliocaenica''. ''P. nestii'' was the smallest and most slender species of the genus as well as the latest surviving member. ''P. pachygnatha'' is a more ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ictonychinae
Ictonychinae is a subfamily of the mammal family Mustelidae found mainly in the Neotropics (three species) and Africa (three species), with one Eurasian member. It includes the grisons, Patagonian weasel, striped polecats, African striped weasel, and marbled polecat. These genera were formerly included within a paraphyletic definition of the mustelid subfamily Mustelinae. Most members have a mask-like bar or larger dark marking across their faces; the African representatives of the group are striped. A defense mechanism common to the group is use of a chemical spray similar to (but not necessarily as strong as) that of skunks. Species Subfamily Ictonychinae Fossil genera *'' Cernictis'' *''Enhydrictis'' *'' Martellictis'' *'' Lutravus'' *'' Oriensictis'' *''Pannonictis'' *'' Sminthosinis'' *'' Stipanicicia'' *''Trigonictis ''Trigonictis'' is an extinct genus of mustelid related to the living grison. It lived in North America during the Pliocene to Pleistocene. Fossil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pleistocene Carnivorans
The Pleistocene ( , often referred to as the ''Ice age'') is the geological epoch that lasted from about 2,580,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Before a change was finally confirmed in 2009 by the International Union of Geological Sciences, the cutoff of the Pleistocene and the preceding Pliocene was regarded as being 1.806 million years Before Present (BP). Publications from earlier years may use either definition of the period. The end of the Pleistocene corresponds with the end of the last glacial period and also with the end of the Paleolithic age used in archaeology. The name is a combination of Ancient Greek grc, label=none, πλεῖστος, pleīstos, most and grc, label=none, καινός, kainós (latinized as ), 'new'. At the end of the preceding Pliocene, the previously isolated North and South American continents were joined by the Isthmus of Panama, causing a faunal interchange between the two reg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Praemegaceros
''Praemegaceros'' is an extinct genus of deer, known from the Pleistocene and Holocene of Western Eurasia. It contains the subgenera ''Praemegaceros,'' ''Orthogonoceros'' and ''Nesoleipoceros''. It has sometimes been synonymised with ''Megaloceros'' and ''Megaceroides'', however they have been found to be generically distinct. ''P. obscurus'' is the earliest known species from the Early Pleistocene of Europe, and had long, crooked antlers. ''P. verticornis'' is an Early to Mid-Pleistocene species, closely related to ''P. obscurus'', which lived throughout Southern Europe. The genus was widely distributed across Europe, West and Central Asia during the Early-Middle Pleistocene, with fossils having been discovered in France, Georgia, Germany, England, Greece, Israel, Italy, Romania, Russia Spain, Syria, and Tajikistan. The genus was extinct in mainland Europe and Asia by end of the Middle Pleistocene. An insular species, ''P. cazioti'' survived into the Late Pleistocene and Holocen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deer
Deer or true deer are hoofed ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae. The two main groups of deer are the Cervinae, including the muntjac, the elk (wapiti), the red deer, and the fallow deer; and the Capreolinae, including the reindeer (caribou), white-tailed deer, the roe deer, and the moose. Male deer of all species (except the water deer), as well as female reindeer, grow and shed new antlers each year. In this they differ from permanently horned antelope, which are part of a different family (Bovidae) within the same order of even-toed ungulates (Artiodactyla). The musk deer (Moschidae) of Asia and chevrotains (Tragulidae) of tropical African and Asian forests are separate families that are also in the ruminant clade Ruminantia; they are not especially closely related to Cervidae. Deer appear in art from Paleolithic cave paintings onwards, and they have played a role in mythology, religion, and literature throughout history, as well as in heraldry, such as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sardolutra
''Sardolutra ichnusae'' is an extinct species of otter from the Late Pleistocene of Sardinia. It was originally described as ''Nesolutra ichnusae''. It was a rather small species of otter, probably living in the sea. Among its characteristics is a relatively very large baculum, larger than in any living otter. The species probably evolved from a species of ''Lutra ''Lutra'' is a genus of otters, one of seven in the subfamily Lutrinae. Taxonomy and evolution The genus includes these species: Extant species Extinct species *†'' Lutra affinis'' *†'' Lutra bressana '' *†'' Lutra bravardi'' *†'' ...'', maybe '' L. castiglionis''. References Prehistoric mustelids Pleistocene carnivorans Otters Prehistoric mammals of Europe Prehistoric monotypic mammal genera Pleistocene genus extinctions Fossil taxa described in 1992 Prehistoric carnivoran genera {{Paleo-carnivora-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algarolutra Majori
''Algarolutra'' is an extinct endemic genus of otter from the Pleistocene of Corsica and Sardinia. The single species ''A. majori'' was originally attributed to the genus ''Cyrnaonyx'' and its type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ... ''C. antiqua'', which was based on fossils from Corsica and also from mainland France. From mainland Europe, only lower dentition was known, whereas from Corsica and Sardinia only upper dentition was known. When a ''Cyrnaonyx antiqua'' fossil with both upper and lower dentition was found in England, it became clear that the species ''majori'' was too different to keep even in the same genus and the genus ''Algarolutra'' was described. appearing to belong to separate genera. ''A. majori'' is known only from very sparse evidence. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otter
Otters are carnivorous mammals in the subfamily Lutrinae. The 13 extant otter species are all semiaquatic, aquatic, or marine, with diets based on fish and invertebrates. Lutrinae is a branch of the Mustelidae family, which also includes weasels, badgers, mink, and wolverines, among other animals. Etymology The word ''otter'' derives from the Old English word or . This, and cognate words in other Indo-European languages, ultimately stem from the Proto-Indo-European language root , which also gave rise to the English word "water". Terminology An otter's den is called a holt or couch. Male otters are called dogs or boars, females are called bitches or sows, and their offspring are called pups or cubs. The collective nouns for otters are bevy, family, lodge, romp (being descriptive of their often playful nature) or, when in water, raft. The feces of otters are typically identified by their distinctive aroma, the smell of which has been described as ranging from freshly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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