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Engelschalk II
Engelschalk II was the margrave (''comes terminalis'', "frontier count") of the March of Pannonia in the late ninth century in opposition to Aribo. In his day, the ''march orientalis'' corresponded to a front along the Danube from the Traungau to the Szombathely and Raba rivers and including the Vienna basin. Engelschalk was the son of Engelschalk I and nephew of William II, sons of William I (the Wilhelminers). He led his brothers and cousins in rebellion against the new margrave Aribo when they were not accorded the succession to their fathers in 871. They displaced Aribo off and on until the Wilhelminer War of 882 – 884, when they were defeated by Aribo and Svatopluk of Moravia, aided by the emperor Charles the Fat. They fled to Arnulf of Carinthia, who refused to hand them over to Svatopluk. When Arnulf became king in 887, Engelschalk probably expected to receive his support, but Aribo was so strongly entrenched by then that the new king did not dare upset the balance ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
March Of Pannonia
The March of Pannonia or Eastern March ( la, marcha orientalis) was a frontier march of the Carolingian Empire, named after the former Roman province of ''Pannonia'' and carved out of the preceding and larger Avar march. It was referred to in some documents as ''terminum regni Baioariorum in Oriente'' or "the end of the kingdom of the Bavarians in the east", and from this is sometimes called the Bavarian Eastern March of the wider Bavarian eastern marches, a term used for any such territory, though today most commonly used to refer to the later Margraviate of Austria, established in 976 as a sort of late successor state. It was erected in the mid-ninth century in the lands of the former Avar Khaganate against the threat of Great Moravia and lasted only as long as the strength of that state. The East Frankish rulers appointed margraves (prefects) to govern the March. History Charlemagne, temporarily allied with Khan Krum of Bulgaria, from 791 onwards had launched several military ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilhelminer War
Wilhelminer War was a minor war fought in the March of Pannonia (later Austria) from 882 to 884. It was initially a rebellion of the sons of the margraves William II and Engelschalk I, led by Engelschalk II, against the new margrave Aribo. Svatopluk I of Great Moravia intervened as an ally of Aribo because he had been at war with William and Engelschalk when the two died in 871. The "Wilhelminers" were the descendants of William I of the Traungau, father of the two late margraves. At first, the rebels were successful, but Aribo appealed to not only Moravia, but also the Emperor Charles the Fat, who confirmed Aribo in his post, to which he had been appointed by Charles' father, Louis the German, back in 871. Svatopluk invaded Pannonia and, capturing one of the Wilhelminer sons, mutilated him. The remaining sons then withdrew from Charles' suzerainty and did homage to Arnulf of Carinthia, Charles' bastard nephew, who thus estranged himself from his uncle. The war between Arnulf and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilhelminer Dynasty
The Wilhelminers were a noble Bavarian family of the 9th century. They rose to prominence mid-century under the brothers William (marcha orientalis), William and Engelschalk I, sons of William I of Traungau, William I, the founder of the family. The family held the March of Pannonia until 871, but their possession of it was the cause of a dispute, the Wilhelminer War, with the Aribonids. In the dispute the Wilhelminers had the support of Arnulf of Carinthia and Svatopluk of Moravia. The Wilhelminers regained some of their lost importance after Arnulf became king in 887. In 893, however, they came into the hatred of the Bavarian aristocracy, who summarily blinded Engelschalk II without royal approval. The subsequent years saw some Wilhelminers fleeing to Moravia and others expelled from court. They soon disappear from view. Sources *Reuter, Timothy. ''Germany in the Early Middle Ages 800–1056''. New York: Longman, 1991. *MacLean, Simon. ''Kingship and Politics in the Late Nin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reuter, Timothy
Timothy Alan Reuter (25 January 1947 – 14 October 2002), grandson of the former mayor of Berlin Ernst Reuter, was a German-British historian who specialized in the study of medieval Germany, particularly the social, military and ecclesiastical institutions of the Ottonian and Salian periods (10th–12th centuries). Reuter received his D.Phil. from Oxford in medieval history under the supervision of Karl Leyser (d. 1992), another leading Anglophone scholar of German history. After a brief stint lecturing at the University of Exeter, Reuter spent more than a decade as a ''Mitarbeiter'' (academic staff member) at the Monumenta Germaniae Historica in Munich, where he worked on editing the letters of the twelfth-century abbot Wibald of Corvey and (with Dr. Gabriel Silagi) produced the database for a concordance to the work of the medieval canonist Gratian. In 1994, Reuter was appointed to a professorship at the University of Southampton , mottoeng = The Heights ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regensburg
Regensburg or is a city in eastern Bavaria, at the confluence of the Danube, Naab and Regen rivers. It is capital of the Upper Palatinate subregion of the state in the south of Germany. With more than 150,000 inhabitants, Regensburg is the fourth-largest city in the State of Bavaria after Munich, Nuremberg and Augsburg. From its foundation as an imperial Roman river fort, the city has been the political, economic and cultural centre of the surrounding region; it is still known in the Romance languages by a cognate of its Latin name of "Ratisbona" (the version "Ratisbon" was long current in English). Later, under the rule of the Holy Roman Empire, it housed the Perpetual Diet of Regensburg. The medieval centre of the city was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2006 because of its well-preserved architecture and the city's historical importance for assemblies during the Holy Roman Empire. In 2014, Regensburg was among the top sights and travel attractions in Germany. Histor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arnulf Of Carinthia
Arnulf of Carinthia ( 850 – 8 December 899) was the duke of Carinthia who overthrew his uncle Emperor Charles the Fat to become the Carolingian king of East Francia from 887, the disputed king of Italy from 894 and the disputed emperor from February 22, 896, until his death at Regensburg, Bavaria. Early life Illegitimacy and early life Arnulf was the illegitimate son of Carloman of Bavaria, and Liutswind, who may have been the sister of Ernst, Count of the Bavarian Nordgau Margraviate, in the area of the Upper Palatinate, or perhaps the burgrave of Passau, according to other sources. After Arnulf's birth, Carloman married, before 861, a daughter of that same Count Ernst, who died after 8 August 879. As it is mainly West-Franconian historiography that speaks of Arnulf's illegitimacy, it is quite possible that the two females are actually the same person and that Carloman married Arnulf's mother, thus legitimizing his son. Arnulf was granted the rule over the Duchy of Carinth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles The Fat
Charles III (839 – 13 January 888), also known as Charles the Fat, was the emperor of the Carolingian Empire from 881 to 888. A member of the Carolingian dynasty, Charles was the youngest son of Louis the German and Hemma, and a great-grandson of Charlemagne. He was the last Carolingian emperor of legitimate birth and the last to rule a united kingdom of the Franks. Over his lifetime, Charles became ruler of the various kingdoms of Charlemagne's former empire. Granted lordship over Alamannia in 876, following the division of East Francia, he succeeded to the Italian throne upon the abdication of his older brother Carloman of Bavaria who had been incapacitated by a stroke. Crowned emperor in 881 by Pope John VIII, his succession to the territories of his brother Louis the Younger (Saxony and Bavaria) the following year reunited the kingdom of East Francia. Upon the death of his cousin Carloman II in 884, he inherited all of West Francia, thus reuniting the entire Carolingian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Svatopluk Of Moravia
Svatopluk I or Svätopluk I, also known as Svatopluk the Great (Latin: ''Zuentepulc'', ''Zuentibald'', ''Sventopulch'', ''Zvataplug''; Old Church Slavic: Свѧтопълкъ and transliterated ''Svętopъłkъ''; Polish: ''Świętopełk''; Greek: Σφενδοπλόκος, ''Sphendoplókos''), was a ruler of Great Moravia, which attained its maximum territorial expansion during his reign (870–871, 871–894). Svatopluk's career started in the 860s, when he governed a principality within Moravia, the location of which is still a matter of debate among historians, under the suzerainty of his uncle, Rastislav. In 870 Svatopluk dethroned Rastislav, who was a vassal of Louis the German, and betrayed him to the Franks. Within a year, however, the Franks also imprisoned Svatopluk. After the Moravians rebelled against the Franks, Svatopluk was released and led the rebels to victory over the invaders. Although he was obliged to pay tribute to East Francia under the peace treaty co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilhelminers
The Wilhelminers were a noble Bavarian family of the 9th century. They rose to prominence mid-century under the brothers William (marcha orientalis), William and Engelschalk I, sons of William I of Traungau, William I, the founder of the family. The family held the March of Pannonia until 871, but their possession of it was the cause of a dispute, the Wilhelminer War, with the Aribonids. In the dispute the Wilhelminers had the support of Arnulf of Carinthia and Svatopluk of Moravia. The Wilhelminers regained some of their lost importance after Arnulf became king in 887. In 893, however, they came into the hatred of the Bavarian aristocracy, who summarily blinded Engelschalk II without royal approval. The subsequent years saw some Wilhelminers fleeing to Moravia and others expelled from court. They soon disappear from view. Sources *Reuter, Timothy. ''Germany in the Early Middle Ages 800–1056''. New York: Longman, 1991. *MacLean, Simon. ''Kingship and Politics in the Late Nin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aribo Of Austria
Aribo (or Arbo; – after 909) was margrave (''comes terminalis'', "frontier count") of the Carolingian March of Pannonia from 871 until his death. He is recognised as a progenitor of the Aribonid dynasty. In his day, the Pannonian march, also called ''marcha orientalis'', corresponded to a front along the Danube river from the Bavarian Traungau up to Szombathely (''Savaria'') and the Rába river, including the Vienna Basin. Aribo was originally appointed by the East Frankish king Louis the German to succeed the Wilhelminer brothers William and Engelschalk I, after they died on campaign against the forces of the Great Moravian realm. This has been used to support the hypothesis that he was a brother-in-law of the two margraves. Aribo maintained peace with Prince Svatopluk of Moravia and it paid off when, in 882, the sons of the late margraves Engelschalk I and William, led by Engelschalk II, rebelled against him, claiming their rights to the march. The Carolingian emperor Charl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William (marcha Orientalis)
William (II) was the margrave (''comes terminalis'', "frontier count") of the March of Pannonia in the mid ninth century until his death on campaign against the Moravians in 871. In his day, the ''march orientalis'' corresponded to a front along the Danube from the Traungau to Szombathely and the Rába river and including the Vienna basin. It was a military frontier zone against Avaria. William co-ruled the march with his brother Engelschalk I and both died on the same campaign. They were replaced by Aribo, but Engelschalk's son Engelschalk II led their heirs in rebellion against Aribo in what became known as the Wilhelminer War from 882 to 884. The "Wilhelminers" were descendants of William's father, William I William I; ang, WillelmI (Bates ''William the Conqueror'' p. 33– 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first Norman king of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087 .... Sources *MacLean, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Engelschalk I
Engelschalk I was the margrave (''comes terminalis'', "frontier count") of the March of Pannonia in the mid ninth century until his death on campaign against the Moravians in 871. In his day, the ''march orientalis'' corresponded to a front along the Danube from the Traungau to the Szombathely and Raba rivers and including the Vienna basin. It was a military frontier zone against Great Moravia. Engelschalk co-ruled the march with his brother William and both died on the same campaign. They were replaced by Aribo, but Engelschalk's son Engelschalk II led their heirs in rebellion against Aribo in what became known as the Wilhelminer War from 882 to 884. The "Wilhelminers" were descendants of Engelschalk's father, William I William I; ang, WillelmI (Bates ''William the Conqueror'' p. 33– 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first Norman king of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087 .... Sources ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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