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Eight Great Surnames Of Chinese Antiquity
The eight great surnames of Chinese antiquity were among the most important Chinese surnames in Chinese antiquity. They are all Chinese ancestral surnames, and as such have Chinese clan surnames branching off from them During the earliest Chinese antiquity, Chinese society focused on women. Family names often passed from women to their children. Because of this phenomenon, these eight surnames have a component of their hanzi representing the character woman (女). Today very few people have one of these surnames as a family name. An exception is the surnames Yao and Jiang. Of these, there are some well-known Chinese of modern times with these names today. One example is Yao Ming (姚明). The eight surnames 姞 is also sometimes considered one of the eight great surnames of Chinese antiquity. 姞 then replaces the surname 妊. See also * Eight surnames of Zhurong The Eight surnames of Zhurong are eight surnames derived from the descendants of the ancient Chinese leg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Surname
Chinese surnames are used by Han Chinese and Sinicized ethnic groups in China, Taiwan, Korea, Vietnam, and among overseas Chinese communities around the world such as Singapore and Malaysia. Written Chinese names begin with surnames, unlike the Western tradition in which surnames are written last. Around 2,000 Han Chinese surnames are currently in use, but the great proportion of Han Chinese people use only a relatively small number of these surnames; 19 surnames are used by around half of the Han Chinese people, while 100 surnames are used by around 87% of the population. A report in 2019 gives the most common Chinese surnames as Wang and Li, each shared by over 100 million people in China. The remaining top ten most common Chinese surnames are Zhang, Liu, Chen, Yang, Huang, Zhao, Wu and Zhou. Two distinct types of Chinese surnames existed in ancient China, namely ''xing'' () ancestral clan names and ''shi'' () branch lineage names. Later, the two terms began to be used i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ji (Zhou Dynasty Ancestral Surname)
''Jī'' () was the ancestral name of the Zhou dynasty which ruled China between the 11th and 3rd centuries BC. Thirty-nine members of the family ruled China during this period while many others ruled as local lords, lords who eventually gained great autonomy during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods. Ji is a relatively uncommon surname in modern China, largely because its bearers often adopted the names of their states and fiefs as new surnames. The character is composed of the radicals (Old Chinese: ''nra'', "woman") and (OC: ''ɢ(r)ə'', "chin").Baxter, Wm. H. & Sagart, Laurent. '' '', pp. 61, 106, & 175. 2011. Accessed 11 October 2011. It is most likely a phono-semantic compound, with ''nra'' common in the earliest Zhou-era family names and ''ɢ(r)ə'' marking a rhyme of (OC: ''K(r)ə''). The legendary and historical record shows the Zhou Ji clan closely entwined with the Jiang (), who seem to have provided many of the Ji lords' high-ranking spouses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese-language Surnames
Chinese (, especially when referring to written Chinese) is a group of languages spoken natively by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in Greater China. About 1.3 billion people (or approximately 16% of the world's population) speak a variety of Chinese as their first language. Chinese languages form the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan languages family. The spoken varieties of Chinese are usually considered by native speakers to be variants of a single language. However, their lack of mutual intelligibility means they are sometimes considered separate languages in a family. Investigation of the historical relationships among the varieties of Chinese is ongoing. Currently, most classifications posit 7 to 13 main regional groups based on phonetic developments from Middle Chinese, of which the most spoken by far is Mandarin (with about 800 million speakers, or 66%), followed by Min (75 million, e.g. Southern Min), Wu (74 million, e.g. Shanghai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eight Surnames Of Zhurong
The Eight surnames of Zhurong are eight surnames derived from the descendants of the ancient Chinese legendary figure Zhurong. The Eight surnames that came after the Zhurong tribe, according to the Guoyu, a historical Chinese text, are Ji, Dong, Peng, Tu, Wei, Cao, Zhen, and Mi. These eight surnames were said to have originated from the descendants of the Zhurong tribe. According to the Guoyu, the Ji surname was associated with the Kunwu and Su tribes, which were located in present-day Yuncheng in Shanxi province and Wen County in Henan province, respectively. The Dong surname was associated with the Zongyi and Hualong tribes, which were located in present-day Dingtao County in Shandong province and in present-day Henan province. The Peng surname was associated with the Pengzu and Shiwei tribes, which were located in present-day Tongshan County in Jiangsu province and Puyang County in Hebei province, respectively. The Tu surname was associated with the Zhuren tribe, which was l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gui (ancestral Surname)
Gui () is an ancient Chinese surname. It was the ''xing'' surname of the rulers of the State of Chen and of Tian Qi. The Gui (媯) clan was said to have descended from the legendary sage king Emperor Shun. After King Wu of Zhou conquered the Shang dynasty to establish the Zhou dynasty in 1046/45 BC, he enfeoffed Gui Man (媯滿) at the State of Chen, in modern Huaiyang County, Henan. In 614 BC, the Chen prince Chen Wan (陳完) emigrated to the state of Qi. The Gui clan branched to various surnames, including Chen, Tian, Sun, Wen, Xue, and Wang, in the state of Qi. In modern times, it is shared by less than 1000 people, and is the 3159th-most common name. It is one of the Eight Great Surnames of Chinese Antiquity The eight great surnames of Chinese antiquity were among the most important Chinese surnames in Chinese antiquity. They are all Chinese ancestral surnames, and as such have Chinese clan surnames branching off from them During the earliest Chin ... References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ji (surname 姞)
Jí is the Mandarin pinyin romanization of the Chinese surname written in Chinese character. It is romanized as Chi in Wade–Giles, and Gat in Cantonese. One of the Eight Great Surnames of Chinese Antiquity, Ji 姞 is an uncommon surname today. It is not listed in the Song dynasty classic text ''Hundred Family Surnames''. The Ji clan is said to have descended from the Yellow Emperor. Bo Tiao ( 伯儵), a leader of the clan, was enfeoffed at Southern Yan (南燕, in modern Weihui, Henan). His descendants later dropped the 女 radical from their surname, which became Ji 吉, which is now the 195th most common surname in China. Besides Southern Yan, branches of the Ji 姞 clan also established the minor states of Mixu (密须) and Bi (偪) during the Zhou dynasty The Zhou dynasty ( ; Old Chinese ( B&S): *''tiw'') was a royal dynasty of China that followed the Shang dynasty. Having lasted 789 years, the Zhou dynasty was the longest dynastic regime in Chinese history. The m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yun (ancient Surname)
The Yun surname is a Chinese Surname, and is one of the earliest surnames in China. Yun surname is one of the and the Eight Great Surnames of Chinese Antiquity. The , , and of the Zhou dynasty are all Yun surnames.《 世本》:“逼阳，妘姓，祝融之孙， 陆终第四子求言之后。” See also * Eight Great Surnames of Chinese Antiquity The eight great surnames of Chinese antiquity were among the most important Chinese surnames in Chinese antiquity. They are all Chinese ancestral surnames, and as such have Chinese clan surnames branching off from them During the earliest Chin ... References Eight Great Surnames of Chinese Antiquity Chinese-language surnames Articles containing Korean-language text Articles containing Vietnamese-language text {{surname-stub Eight surnames of Zhurong ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Si (surname 姒)
Si () was a Chinese surname during the Xia Dynasty. According to Records of the Grand Historian, the surname of the Xia Dynasty ruler was Si (姒). In general, the Chinese hold Xia founder Yu the Great (禹) to be a descendant of Emperor Yao (堯). It is one of the traditional description was what were known as the " Eight Great ''Xing''s of High Antiquity" (), along with Jiāng (), Jī (), Yáo (), Yíng (), Yún (), Guī () and Rèn (), though some sources quote Jí () as the last one instead of Rèn. Of these ''xing'', only Jiang and Yao have survived in their original form to modern days as frequently occurring surnames. The Song dynasty-era ''Hundred Family Surnames The ''Hundred Family Surnames'' (), commonly known as ''Bai Jia Xing'', also translated as ''Hundreds of Chinese Surnames'', is a classic Chinese text composed of common Chinese surnames. An unknown author compiled the book during the Song dy ...'' poem does not have Si. Although it exists in the moder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yíng
Yíng () is an ancient Chinese surname. It was the noble house name of the Qin state during the Eastern Zhou dynasty, and the royal name of the subsequent Qin dynasty. Yíng Zheng was the first emperor of the unified Chinese empire. Ying was one of the " Eight Great ''Xing''s of High Antiquity" (), along with Jī (), Yáo (), Sì (), Yún (), Gui () and Rèn (), though some sources quote Jí () as the last one instead of Rèn. Of these ''xing''s, only Jiang and Yao have survived in their original form to modern days as frequently occurring surnames, while Ji can still be seen occasionally. In the present day, the Ying surname is shared by less than 1000 people in Mainland China, and is overall the 1520th-most common surname. In 2019, it was found that only exactly two people in Taiwan still had this surname. There are however 14 clan names in China derived from the same ancestral name Yíng. Zhao, one of the most common Chinese surnames, is one such kind cadet surnames tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jyutping
Jyutping is a romanisation system for Cantonese developed by the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK), an academic group, in 1993. Its formal name is the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong Cantonese Romanization Scheme. The LSHK advocates for and promotes the use of this romanisation system. The name ''Jyutping'' (itself the Jyutping romanisation of its Chinese name, ) is a contraction consisting of the first Chinese characters of the terms ''Jyut6jyu5'' (, meaning " Yue language") and ''ping3jam1'' ( "phonetic alphabet", also pronounced as "pinyin" in Mandarin). Despite being intended as a romanisation system to indicate pronunciation, it has also been employed writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language, elevating it from its assistive status to a written language in effect. History The Jyutping system marks a departure from all previous Cantonese romanisation systems (approximately 12, including Robert Morrison's pioneering work of 1828, and the widely used Standard ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient China
The earliest known written records of the history of China date from as early as 1250 BC, from the Shang dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BC), during the reign of king Wu Ding. Ancient historical texts such as the '' Book of Documents'' (early chapters, 11th century BC), the '' Bamboo Annals'' (c. 296 BC) and the ''Records of the Grand Historian'' (c. 91 BC) describe a Xia dynasty before the Shang, but no writing is known from the period, and Shang writings do not indicate the existence of the Xia. The Shang ruled in the Yellow River valley, which is commonly held to be the cradle of Chinese civilization. However, Neolithic civilizations originated at various cultural centers along both the Yellow River and Yangtze River. These Yellow River and Yangtze civilizations arose millennia before the Shang. With thousands of years of continuous history, China is among the world's oldest civilizations and is regarded as one of the cradles of civilization. The Zhou dynasty (1046–256 BC) supp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinyin
Hanyu Pinyin (), often shortened to just pinyin, is the official romanization system for Standard Mandarin Chinese in China, and to some extent, in Singapore and Malaysia. It is often used to teach Mandarin, normally written in Chinese form, to learners already familiar with the Latin alphabet. The system includes four diacritics denoting tones, but pinyin without tone marks is used to spell Chinese names and words in languages written in the Latin script, and is also used in certain computer input methods to enter Chinese characters. The word ' () literally means "Han language" (i.e. Chinese language), while ' () means "spelled sounds". The pinyin system was developed in the 1950s by a group of Chinese linguists including Zhou Youguang and was based on earlier forms of romanizations of Chinese. It was published by the Chinese Government in 1958 and revised several times. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) adopted pinyin as an international standard ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
