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Edinburgh Formation
The Edinburg Formation is an Ordovician-age geological formation in Virginia. It is primarily composed of basinal (deep sea) limestone and shale, and is one of the younger units in the "Middle Ordovician" sequence of the Shenandoah Valley. However, fossils have shown that it actually was deposited in the early part of the Late Ordovician. There are two major facies encompassed by the Edinburg Formation. The more abundant Liberty Hall facies consist of evenly bedded black limestone and shale. In a few areas, the Liberty Hall facies intertongue with the Lantz Mill Lantz Mill, also known as Lantz Roller Mill, is a historic grist mill located at Lantz Mills, near the town of Edinburg in Shenandoah County, Virginia. It was rebuilt in 1865, after being destroyed by Union troops in 1864 during "The Burning", an A ... facies. The Lantz Mill facies are grainy or cobbly wackestone which weathers to a buff brown color. Fossils are diverse, including graptolites, brachiopods, and tril ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lincolnshire Formation
The Lincolnshire Formation, often known as the Lincolnshire Limestone, is an Ordovician-age geological formation in the Appalachia Appalachia () is a cultural region in the Eastern United States that stretches from the Southern Tier of New York State to northern Alabama and Georgia. While the Appalachian Mountains stretch from Belle Isle in Newfoundland and Labrador, Ca ...n region of the Eastern United States. References Ordovician geology of Virginia {{Virginia-geologic-formation-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shenandoah Valley
The Shenandoah Valley () is a geographic valley and cultural region of western Virginia and the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia. The valley is bounded to the east by the Blue Ridge Mountains, to the west by the eastern front of the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians (excluding Massanutten Mountain), to the north by the Potomac River and to the south by the James River. The cultural region covers a larger area that includes all of the valley plus the Virginia highlands to the west, and the Roanoke Valley to the south. It is physiographically located within the Ridge and Valley province and is a portion of the Great Appalachian Valley. Geography Named for the river that stretches much of its length, the Shenandoah Valley encompasses eight counties in Virginia and two counties in West Virginia. * Augusta County, Virginia *Clarke County, Virginia *Frederick County, Virginia *Page County, Virginia *Rockbridge County, Virginia *Rockingham County, Virginia * Shenandoah County, Virg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brachiopod
Brachiopods (), phylum Brachiopoda, are a phylum of trochozoan animals that have hard "valves" (shells) on the upper and lower surfaces, unlike the left and right arrangement in bivalve molluscs. Brachiopod valves are hinged at the rear end, while the front can be opened for feeding or closed for protection. Two major categories are traditionally recognized, articulate and inarticulate brachiopods. The word "articulate" is used to describe the tooth-and-groove structures of the valve-hinge which is present in the articulate group, and absent from the inarticulate group. This is the leading diagnostic skeletal feature, by which the two main groups can be readily distinguished as fossils. Articulate brachiopods have toothed hinges and simple, vertically-oriented opening and closing muscles. Conversely, inarticulate brachiopods have weak, untoothed hinges and a more complex system of vertical and oblique (diagonal) muscles used to keep the two valves aligned. In many brachiopods, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wackestone
Under the Dunham classification (Dunham, 1962Dunham, R.J., 1962. Classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture. In: W.E. Ham (Ed.), Classification of Carbonate Rocks. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, Oklahoma, pp. 108–121.) system of limestones, a wackestone is defined as a mud-supported carbonate rock that contains greater than 10% grains. Most recently, this definition has been clarified as ''a carbonate-dominated rock in which the carbonate mud (2 mm)''. The identification of wackestone A study of the adoption and use of carbonate classification systems by Lokier and Al Junaibi (2016) highlighted that the most common problem encountered when describing a wackestone is to incorrectly estimate the volume of 'grains' in the sample – in consequence, misidentifying wackestone as mudstone Mudstone, a type of mudrock, is a fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lantz Mill
Lantz Mill, also known as Lantz Roller Mill, is a historic grist mill located at Lantz Mills, near the town of Edinburg in Shenandoah County, Virginia. It was rebuilt in 1865, after being destroyed by Union troops in 1864 during "The Burning", an American Civil War military action conducted by General Philip Sheridan in the Valley Campaigns of 1864. It is a 2 1/2-story frame building erected with post-and-beam construction. It sits on an eight foot high limestone foundation and has a steep standing seam metal gable roof. Four additions were made to the mill in the early 20th century. The mill foundation, mill race (contributing), and mill-dam were constructed some time before 1813. The mill closed in the late-1970s. an''Accompanying four photos''/ref> It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the United States federal government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures and objects deemed w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberty Hall Site
The Liberty Hall Site, near Lexington, Virginia, contains the remains of the early predecessor of Washington and Lee University. The Liberty Hall Academy was chartered as a degree-granting institution by the Virginia legislature in 1782, and was located in a wood-frame building. This building burned down in 1783, as did its replacement in 1790. In 1793 a new three-story stone building was constructed, as was a steward's house, and these buildings were followed in subsequent years by additional buildings. The roof of the main school building caught fire in 1802, and the ensuing blaze gutted the building's interior. It was declared unfit to restore, and the institution relocated into Lexington. The university conducted excavations of the site in the 1970s. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. See also *National Register of Historic Places listings in Rockbridge County, Virginia __NOTOC__ This is a list of the National Register of Historic Pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Facies
In geology, a facies ( , ; same pronunciation and spelling in the plural) is a body of rock with specified characteristics, which can be any observable attribute of rocks (such as their overall appearance, composition, or condition of formation), and the changes that may occur in those attributes over a geographic area. A facies encompasses all of the characteristics of a rock including its chemical, physical, and biological features that distinguish it from adjacent rock. The term facies was introduced by the Swiss geologist Amanz Gressly in 1838 and was part of his significant contribution to the foundations of modern stratigraphy, which replaced the earlier notions of Neptunism. Types of facies Sedimentary facies Ideally, a Sedimentary structures, sedimentary facies is a distinctive rock unit that forms under certain conditions of sedimentation, reflecting a particular process or environment. Sedimentary facies are either descriptive or interpretative. Sedimentary facies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geological Formation
A geological formation, or simply formation, is a body of rock having a consistent set of physical characteristics ( lithology) that distinguishes it from adjacent bodies of rock, and which occupies a particular position in the layers of rock exposed in a geographical region (the stratigraphic column). It is the fundamental unit of lithostratigraphy, the study of strata or rock layers. A formation must be large enough that it can be mapped at the surface or traced in the subsurface. Formations are otherwise not defined by the thickness of their rock strata, which can vary widely. They are usually, but not universally, tabular in form. They may consist of a single lithology (rock type), or of alternating beds of two or more lithologies, or even a heterogeneous mixture of lithologies, so long as this distinguishes them from adjacent bodies of rock. The concept of a geologic formation goes back to the beginnings of modern scientific geology. The term was used by Abraham Gottlob Wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oranda Formation
The Oranda Formation is a geologic formation in Virginia. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period. This nomenclature is not in current usage. It has been reallocated to Stickley Run Member of the Martinsburg Formation and Edinburg Formation in Virginia and West Virginia, and to the Martinsburg and Chambersburg Formation The Chambersburg Formation is a geologic formation in Virginia. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period. See also * List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Virginia * Paleontology in Virginia Paleontology in Virginia refe ... in Pennsylvania. USGS National Geologic Map Database, Geolex — Unit Summary. Last Modified: Wed 31 May 2023. See also *[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ordovician
The Ordovician ( ) is a geologic period and System (geology), system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era (geology), Era. The Ordovician spans 41.6 million years from the end of the Cambrian Period million years ago (Mya) to the start of the Silurian Period Mya. The Ordovician, named after the Celtic Britons, Welsh tribe of the Ordovices, was defined by Charles Lapworth in 1879 to resolve a dispute between followers of Adam Sedgwick and Roderick Murchison, who were placing the same Rock (geology), rock beds in North Wales in the Cambrian and Silurian systems, respectively. Lapworth recognized that the fossil fauna in the disputed Stratum, strata were different from those of either the Cambrian or the Silurian systems, and placed them in a system of their own. The Ordovician received international approval in 1960 (forty years after Lapworth's death), when it was adopted as an official period of the Paleozoic Era by the International Union of Geological Sciences, Intern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Formation (stratigraphy)
A geological formation, or simply formation, is a body of rock having a consistent set of physical characteristics (lithology) that distinguishes it from adjacent bodies of rock, and which occupies a particular position in the layers of rock exposed in a geographical region (the stratigraphic column). It is the fundamental unit of lithostratigraphy, the study of strata or rock layers. A formation must be large enough that it can be mapped at the surface or traced in the subsurface. Formations are otherwise not defined by the thickness (geology), thickness of their rock strata, which can vary widely. They are usually, but not universally, tabular in form. They may consist of a single lithology (rock type), or of alternating beds of two or more lithologies, or even a heterogeneous mixture of lithologies, so long as this distinguishes them from adjacent bodies of rock. The concept of a geologic formation goes back to the beginnings of modern scientific geology. The term was used by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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