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Echat
''Echat'' (Amharic: ኢጭአት, acronym for የኢትዮጵያ ጭቁኖች አብዮታዊ ትግል, 'Ethiopian Oppressed People's Revolutionary Struggle') was a communist organization in Ethiopia.Clapham Christopher. Transformation and Continuity in Revolutionary Ethiopia'. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. p. 55 The organization was active between 1975 and 1978. The organization emerged from a split away from the All-Ethiopian Socialist Movement (MEISON). Echat was initially allied with the Derg military junta, but later turned against it. Structure and background Echat was led by Baro Tumsa. Tesfaye Habiso was the secretary of Echat. The organization consisted of groups representing different oppressed nationalities. Echat portrayed itself as a pan-Ethiopian movement. Its membership was largely Oromo, it found its following amongst urban Oromo population.Eide, Oeyvind. Revolution and Religion in Ethiopia: Growth and Persecution of the Mekane Yesus Church, 1974-85 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Provisional Office For Mass Organizational Affairs
The Provisional Office for Mass Organizational Affairs ( am, የሕዝብ ጽሕፈት ጊዜያዊ ጽሕፌት ቤት, abbreviated POMOA) was a political organization in Ethiopia active between 1975 and 1979. POMOA functioned as a forum to involve different Marxist-Leninist organizations in the revolutionary process and to politicize and organize the masses.Tiruneh, Andargachew. The Ethiopian Revolution 1974–1987 : a Transformation from an Aristocratic to a Totalitarian'. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, 1995. p. 181Haile-Selassie, Teferra. The Ethiopian Revolution, 1974–1991: From a Monarchical Autocracy to a Military Oligarchy'. London .a. Kegan Paul Internat, 1997. p. 230 Foundation POMOA was set up through a decree of the Derg military junta in December 1975.Clapham Christopher. Transformation and Continuity in Revolutionary Ethiopia'. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. p. 53 The existence of POMOA was publicly revealed on April 21, 1976 following the announ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Union Of Ethiopian Marxist–Leninist Organizations
The Union of Ethiopian Marxist–Leninist Organizations (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ማርክሲስት ሌኒኒስት ድርጅቶች ኅብረት), known by its Amharic acronym ''Imaledih'' or ''Emaledh'' (Amharic: ኢማሌድኅ), was a coalition of communist organizations in Ethiopia active between 1977 and 1979.Milkias, Paulos. Ethiopia'. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO, 2011. p. 427 Imaledih was intended as a pre-party formation, Imaledih was supposed function as the nucleus of new proletarian party. Through Imaledih, the constituent parties of the coalition would merge.Makonen Getu. Socialism, Participation, and Agricultural Development in Post-Revolutionary Ethiopia: A Study of Constraints'. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell International, 1987. p. 115 The formation of Imaledih was actively supported by the ruling Derg military junta. History Imaledih was founded on February 26, 1977, by five organizations: All-Ethiopia Socialist Movement (Meison), Ethiopian Oppressed People's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baro Tumsa
Baro Tumsa (1938–1978) was a pharmacist, lawyer and Oromo nationalist and political activist in Ethiopia. He was the younger brother of Reverend Gudina Tumsa and mainly responsible for the formation of the Oromo Liberation Front.Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C (pg 483) Early life Baro Tumsa was born in 1938 at Bodji Karkaro/Bila in the Wallaga Zome of Oromia. His father, Tumsa Silga, and his mother, Nasise Chiracho, died while he was very young and so he was raised by his elder brother, Gudina Tumsa. He had one sister, Rahel, and two brothers, Gudina and Nagassa. Education and political activism Education Tumsa completed primary education and part of his secondary education in the town of Nekemte, Wallaga, and later in Bishoftu, East Shewa. Subsequently, he joined the then Haile Selassie I University in Addis Ababa (Finfinne) and graduated with BSc in Pharmacy, in 1966. Tumsa was mentored and encouraged to study Law by the likes of Dhinsa Lepisa, and Baqala Nadhi (both ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
All-Ethiopia Socialist Movement
The All-Ethiopia Socialist Movement ( am, መላ ኢትዮጵያ ሶሻሊስት ንቅናቄ, Mela Ītyōṗṗyā Soshalīsit Nik’inak’ē, native acronym: MEISON) is a political party in Ethiopia. A Marxist-Leninist organization, MEISON played an active role in Ethiopian politics during the 1970s. Both it and the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party (EPRP) were enthusiastic supporters of the revolution that toppled Emperor Haile Selassie. However, as Mengistu Haile Mariam rose to power as leader of the ruling Derg government, conflict began to develop between the two groups. MEISON initially aligned itself with the Derg, but fell out with Mengistu as the Red Terror progressed and was repressed from mid-1977 onwards. History MEISON was formed as a clandestine organization during the 8th ESUE (Ethiopian Student Union in Europe) congress in August 1968 by some of the most senior of the exiled radical Ethiopian students. Prominent founders include: Worku Ferede (elected ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communism
Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange which allocates products to everyone in the society.: "One widespread distinction was that socialism socialised production only while communism socialised production and consumption." Communist society also involves the absence of private property, social classes, money, and the state. Communists often seek a voluntary state of self-governance, but disagree on the means to this end. This reflects a distinction between a more libertarian approach of communization, revolutionary spontaneity, and workers' self-management, and a more vanguardist or communist party-driven approach through the development of a constitutional socialist st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethiopian Nationalism
Ethiopian nationalism, also referred to as Ethiopianism or Ethiopianness ( am, ኢትዮጵያዊነት, ''Ityop̣p̣yawinnät''), is a political principle centered on the unification of Ethiopian identity. Originated from throughout ancient history, the Aksumite Empire was the first kingdom for their unified civilization and social integration to adopt the name "Ethiopia" under Ezana's reign in 4th century. For more than a century, Amhara ruling elite used the ideology to pursue an assimilation policy and consolidate power. Moreover, the notion of Ethiopian integrity was reinforced by Battle of Adwa, an important event where Ethiopia defied European colonization by defeating Italy in 1896. The Second Italo-Ethiopian War and subsequent Italian occupation of Ethiopia appeared to be foreign aggression and civil war that leads to ethnic faction expressed by student movements. Following the abolition of monarchy and overthrow of Haile Selassie by communist military junta Derg in 197 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amharic
Amharic ( or ; (Amharic: ), ', ) is an Ethiopian Semitic language, which is a subgrouping within the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages. It is spoken as a first language by the Amharas, and also serves as a lingua franca for all other populations residing in major cities and towns of Ethiopia. The language serves as the official working language of the Ethiopian federal government, and is also the official or working language of several of Ethiopia's federal regions. It has over 31,800,000 mother-tongue speakers, with more than 25,100,000 second language speakers. Amharic is the most widely spoken language in Ethiopia, and the second most spoken mother-tongue in Ethiopia (after Oromo). Amharic is also the second largest Semitic language in the world (after Arabic). Amharic is written left-to-right using a system that grew out of the Geʽez script. The segmental writing system in which consonant-vowel sequences are written as units is called an ''abugida'' (). The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethiopia
Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east and northeast, Kenya to the south, South Sudan to the west, and Sudan to the northwest. Ethiopia has a total area of . As of 2022, it is home to around 113.5 million inhabitants, making it the 13th-most populous country in the world and the 2nd-most populous in Africa after Nigeria. The national capital and largest city, Addis Ababa, lies several kilometres west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the African and Somali tectonic plates. Anatomically modern humans emerged from modern-day Ethiopia and set out to the Near East and elsewhere in the Middle Paleolithic period. Southwestern Ethiopia has been proposed as a possible homeland of the Afroasiatic langua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
All-Ethiopian Socialist Movement
The All-Ethiopia Socialist Movement ( am, መላ ኢትዮጵያ ሶሻሊስት ንቅናቄ, Mela Ītyōṗṗyā Soshalīsit Nik’inak’ē, native acronym: MEISON) is a political party in Ethiopia. A Marxist-Leninist organization, MEISON played an active role in Ethiopian politics during the 1970s. Both it and the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party (EPRP) were enthusiastic supporters of the revolution that toppled Emperor Haile Selassie. However, as Mengistu Haile Mariam rose to power as leader of the ruling Derg government, conflict began to develop between the two groups. MEISON initially aligned itself with the Derg, but fell out with Mengistu as the Red Terror progressed and was repressed from mid-1977 onwards. History MEISON was formed as a clandestine organization during the 8th ESUE (Ethiopian Student Union in Europe) congress in August 1968 by some of the most senior of the exiled radical Ethiopian students. Prominent founders include: Worku Ferede (elected chai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Derg
The Derg (also spelled Dergue; , ), officially the Provisional Military Administrative Council (PMAC), was the military junta that ruled Ethiopia, then including present-day Eritrea, from 1974 to 1987, when the military leadership formally " civilianized" the administration but stayed in power until 1991. The Derg was established in June 1974 as the Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces, Police and Territorial Army, by officers of the Ethiopian Army and Police led initially by chairman Mengistu Haile Mariam. On 12 September 1974, the Derg overthrew the government of the Ethiopian Empire and Emperor Haile Selassie during nationwide mass protests, and three days later formally renamed itself the Provisional Military Administrative Council. In March 1975 the Derg abolished the monarchy and established Ethiopia as a Marxist-Leninist state with itself as the vanguard party in a provisional government. The abolition of feudalism, increased literacy, nationalization, and swee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oromo People
The Oromo (pron. Oromo language, Oromo: ''Oromoo'') are a Cushitic people, Cushitic ethnic group native to the Oromia region of Ethiopia and parts of Northern Kenya, who speak the Oromo language (also called ''Afaan Oromoo'' or ''Oromiffa''), which is part of the Cushitic languages, Cushitic branch of the Afroasiatic language family. They are the largest List of ethnic groups in Ethiopia, ethnic group in Ethiopia and represent a large portion of Ethiopia's population. The Oromo people traditionally used the ''gadaa'' system as the primary form of governance.Harold G. MarcuA History of Ethiopia University of California Press (1994) pp. 55 Google Books A leader is elected by the ''gadaa'' system and their term lasts eight years, with an election taking place at the end of those eight years. Although most modern Oromos are Muslims and Christians, about 3% practice Waaqeffanna, the native ancient monotheistic religion of Oromos. Origins and nomenclature The Oromo people are one o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Union Of Ethiopian Marxist-Leninist Organizations
Union commonly refers to: * Trade union, an organization of workers * Union (set theory), in mathematics, a fundamental operation on sets Union may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Music * Union (band), an American rock group ** ''Union'' (Union album), 1998 * ''Union'' (Chara album), 2007 * ''Union'' (Toni Childs album), 1988 * ''Union'' (Cuff the Duke album), 2012 * ''Union'' (Paradoxical Frog album), 2011 * ''Union'', a 2001 album by Puya * ''Union'', a 2001 album by Rasa * ''Union'' (The Boxer Rebellion album), 2009 * ''Union'' (Yes album), 1991 * "Union" (Black Eyed Peas song), 2005 Other uses in arts and entertainment * ''Union'' (Star Wars), a Dark Horse comics limited series * Union, in the fictional Alliance–Union universe of C. J. Cherryh * '' Union (Horse with Two Discs)'', a bronze sculpture by Christopher Le Brun, 1999–2000 * The Union (Marvel Team), a Marvel Comics superhero team and comic series Education * Union Academy (other) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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