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Duminil-Copin
Hugo Duminil-Copin (born 26 August 1985) is a French mathematician specializing in probability theory. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 2022. Biography The son of a middle school sports teacher and a former female dancer who became a primary school teacher, Duminil-Copin grew up in the outer suburbs of Paris, where he played a lot of sports as a child, and initially considered attending a sports-oriented high school to pursue his interest in handball. He decided to attend a school focused on mathematics and science, and enrolled at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris, then at the École normale supérieure (Paris) and the University Paris-Sud. He decided to focus on math instead of physics, because he found the rigour of mathematical proof more satisfying, but developed an interest in percolation theory, which is used in mathematical physics to address issues in statistical mechanics. In 2008, he moved to the University of Geneva to write a PhD thesis under Stanislav Smirnov. D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potts Model
In statistical mechanics, the Potts model, a generalization of the Ising model, is a model of interacting spins on a crystalline lattice. By studying the Potts model, one may gain insight into the behaviour of ferromagnets and certain other phenomena of solid-state physics. The strength of the Potts model is not so much that it models these physical systems well; it is rather that the one-dimensional case is exactly solvable, and that it has a rich mathematical formulation that has been studied extensively. The model is named after Renfrey Potts, who described the model near the end of his 1951 Ph.D. thesis. The model was related to the "planar Potts" or " clock model", which was suggested to him by his advisor, Cyril Domb. The four-state Potts model is sometimes known as the Ashkin–Teller model, after Julius Ashkin and Edward Teller, who considered an equivalent model in 1943. The Potts model is related to, and generalized by, several other models, including the XY model, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conformal Invariance
In mathematical physics, the conformal symmetry of spacetime is expressed by an extension of the Poincaré group. The extension includes special conformal transformations and dilations. In three spatial plus one time dimensions, conformal symmetry has 15 degrees of freedom: ten for the Poincaré group, four for special conformal transformations, and one for a dilation. Harry Bateman and Ebenezer Cunningham were the first to study the conformal symmetry of Maxwell's equations. They called a generic expression of conformal symmetry a spherical wave transformation. General relativity in two spacetime dimensions also enjoys conformal symmetry. Generators The conformal group has the following representation: : \begin & M_ \equiv i(x_\mu\partial_\nu-x_\nu\partial_\mu) \,, \\ &P_\mu \equiv-i\partial_\mu \,, \\ &D \equiv-ix_\mu\partial^\mu \,, \\ &K_\mu \equiv i(x^2\partial_\mu-2x_\mu x_\nu\partial^\nu) \,, \end where M_ are the Lorentz generators, P_\mu generates translations, D gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ising Model
The Ising model () (or Lenz-Ising model or Ising-Lenz model), named after the physicists Ernst Ising and Wilhelm Lenz, is a mathematical model of ferromagnetism in statistical mechanics. The model consists of discrete variables that represent magnetic dipole moments of atomic "spins" that can be in one of two states (+1 or −1). The spins are arranged in a graph, usually a lattice (where the local structure repeats periodically in all directions), allowing each spin to interact with its neighbors. Neighboring spins that agree have a lower energy than those that disagree; the system tends to the lowest energy but heat disturbs this tendency, thus creating the possibility of different structural phases. The model allows the identification of phase transitions as a simplified model of reality. The two-dimensional square-lattice Ising model is one of the simplest statistical models to show a phase transition. The Ising model was invented by the physicist , who gave it as a prob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fields Medal
The Fields Medal is a prize awarded to two, three, or four mathematicians under 40 years of age at the International Congress of the International Mathematical Union (IMU), a meeting that takes place every four years. The name of the award honours the Canadian mathematician John Charles Fields. The Fields Medal is regarded as one of the highest honors a mathematician can receive, and has been described as the Nobel Prize of Mathematics, although there are several major differences, including frequency of award, number of awards, age limits, monetary value, and award criteria. According to the annual Academic Excellence Survey by ARWU, the Fields Medal is consistently regarded as the top award in the field of mathematics worldwide, and in another reputation survey conducted by IREG in 2013–14, the Fields Medal came closely after the Abel Prize as the second most prestigious international award in mathematics. The prize includes a monetary award which, since 2006, has bee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Châtenay-Malabry
Châtenay-Malabry () is a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris. It is located 10.8 km (6.7 mi) from the center of Paris. The French writer Chateaubriand lived in the estate ''Vallée-aux-Loups'' at Châtenay-Malabry. The Garden City in the Butte Rouge, the ''Cité Jardins'', is one of the earliest examples of housing at moderated rents (''HLM''). Châtenay is the location of ''École Centrale Paris'', of the Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Paris-Sud and of French national laboratory of doping detection. It is also the home of the Arboretum de la Vallée-aux-Loups. The high-speed LGV Atlantique crosses the city through a tunnel covered by a park called ''Coulée verte'' (greenway). From 31 December 2002, it was part of the Agglomeration community of Hauts de Bièvre, which merged into the Métropole du Grand Paris in January 2016. Geography Châtenay-Malabry is situated near the Parc de Sceaux. It borders the department of Essonne which borders ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rollo Davidson Prize
The Rollo Davidson Prize is a prize awarded annually to early-career probabilists by the Rollo Davidson trustees. It is named after English mathematician Rollo Davidson (1944–1970). Rollo Davidson Trust In 1970, Rollo Davidson, a Fellow-elect of Churchill College, Cambridge died on Piz Bernina, a mountain in Switzerland. In 1975, a trust fund was established at Churchill College in his memory, endowed initially through the publication in his honour of two volumes of papers, edited by E. F. Harding and D. G. Kendall. The Rollo Davidson Trust has awarded an annual prize to young probabilists since 1976, and has organized occasional lectures in honour of Davidson. Since 2012 the Trust has also awarded an annual Thomas Bond Sprague Prize.http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/reporter/2011-12/weekly/6273/section12.shtml#heading2-35 Cambridge University Reporter CLXII no 38 List of recipients of the Rollo Davidson Prize * 1976 – Brian D. Ripley * 1977 – Olav Kallenberg * 1978 – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EMS Prize
The European Mathematical Society (EMS) is a European organization dedicated to the development of mathematics in Europe. Its members are different mathematical societies in Europe, academic institutions and individual mathematicians. The current president is Volker Mehrmann, professor at the Institute for Mathematics at the Technical University of Berlin. Goals The Society seeks to serve all kinds of mathematicians in universities, research institutes and other forms of higher education. Its aims are to #Promote mathematical research, both pure and applied, #Assist and advise on problems of mathematical education, #Concern itself with the broader relations of mathematics to society, #Foster interaction between mathematicians of different countries, #Establish a sense of identity amongst European mathematicians, #Represent the mathematical community in supra-national institutions. The EMS is itself an Affiliate Member of the International Mathematical Union and an Associate Membe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oberwolfach Prize
The Oberwolfach Research Institute for Mathematics (german: Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach) is a center for mathematical research in Oberwolfach, Germany. It was founded by mathematician Wilhelm Süss in 1944. It organizes weekly workshops on diverse topics where mathematicians and scientists from all over the world come to do collaborative research. The Institute is a member of the Leibniz Association, funded mainly by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and by the state of Baden-Württemberg. It also receives substantial funding from the ''Friends of Oberwolfach'' foundation, from the ''Oberwolfach Foundation'' and from numerous donors. History The Oberwolfach Research Institute for Mathematics (MFO) was founded as the ''Reich Institute of Mathematics'' (German: ''Reichsinstitut für Mathematik'') on 1 September 1944. It was one of several research institutes founded by the Nazis in order to further the German war effort, which at that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
École Normale Supérieure (Paris)
The ''École normale supérieure - PSL'' (; also known as ''ENS'', ''Normale sup, ''Ulm'' or ''ENS Paris'') is a ''grande école'' university in Paris, France. It is one of the constituent members of Paris Sciences et Lettres University (PSL). Originally conceived during the French Revolution, the school was founded in 1794 to provide homogeneous training of high-school teachers in France but it later closed. The school was subsequently reestablished by Napoleon I as ''pensionnat normal'' from 1808 to 1822, before being recreated in 1826 and taking the name of ''École normale'' in 1830. When institutes for primary teachers training called é''coles normales'' were created in 1845, the word ''supérieure'' (meaning upper) was added to form the current name. It has since developed into an institution which has become a platform for French students to pursue careers in government and academia. The ENS has a highly competitive selection process consisting of written and oral exami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lycée Louis-le-Grand
The Lycée Louis-le-Grand (), also referred to simply as Louis-le-Grand or by its acronym LLG, is a public Lycée (French secondary school, also known as sixth form college) located on rue Saint-Jacques in central Paris. It was founded in the early 1560s by the Jesuits as the ''Collège de Clermont'', was renamed in 1682 after King Louis XIV ("Louis the Great"), and has remained at the apex of France's secondary education system despite its disruption in 1762 following the suppression of the Society of Jesus. It offers both a high school curriculum, and a Classes Préparatoires post-secondary-level curriculum in the sciences, business and humanities. The strict admission process is based on academic grades, drawing from middle schools (for entry into high school) and high schools (for entry into the preparatory classes) throughout France. Its educational standards are highly rated and the working conditions are considered optimal due to its demanding recruitment of teachers. L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institut Des Hautes Études Scientifiques
The Institut des hautes études scientifiques (IHÉS; English: Institute of Advanced Scientific Studies) is a French research institute supporting advanced research in mathematics and theoretical physics. It is located in Bures-sur-Yvette, just south of Paris. It is an independent research institute in a partnership with the University of Paris-Saclay. History The IHÉS was founded in 1958 by businessman and mathematical physicist Léon Motchane with the help of Robert Oppenheimer and Jean Dieudonné as a research centre in France, modeled on the renowned Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, United States. The strong personality of Alexander Grothendieck and the broad sweep of his revolutionizing theories were a dominating feature of the first ten years at the IHÉS. René Thom received an invitation from IHÉS in 1963 and after his appointment remained there until his death in 2002. Dennis Sullivan is remembered as one who had a special talent for encouraging fruitf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Self-avoiding Walk
In mathematics, a self-avoiding walk (SAW) is a sequence of moves on a lattice (a lattice path) that does not visit the same point more than once. This is a special case of the graph theoretical notion of a path. A self-avoiding polygon (SAP) is a closed self-avoiding walk on a lattice. Very little is known rigorously about the self-avoiding walk from a mathematical perspective, although physicists have provided numerous conjectures that are believed to be true and are strongly supported by numerical simulations. In computational physics, a self-avoiding walk is a chain-like path in or with a certain number of nodes, typically a fixed step length and has the property that it doesn't cross itself or another walk. A system of SAWs satisfies the so-called excluded volume condition. In higher dimensions, the SAW is believed to behave much like the ordinary random walk. SAWs and SAPs play a central role in the modeling of the topological and knot-theoretic behavior of thread- a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
