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Dolby Vision
Dolby Vision is a set of technologies developed by Dolby Laboratories for high dynamic range (HDR) video. It covers content creation, distribution, and playback. It includes dynamic metadata that are used to adjust and optimize each frame of the HDR video to the consumer display's capabilities in a way specified by the content creator. Dolby Vision was introduced in 2014, making it the first available consumer-oriented HDR format. HDR10+ is a competitor HDR format that also uses dynamic metadata. Dolby Vision IQ is an update designed to optimize Dolby Vision content according to the ambient light. Dolby Cinema uses Dolby Vision too; it uses 108 nits, compared to SDR cinemas' use of 48 nits and 2.6 gamma. Description HDR videos can sometimes contain brightness and color values that cannot be rendered by the consumer's display. Dolby Vision's dynamic metadata defines how each frame of the original HDR video should be adjusted to match the display's capabilities (i.e. black l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dolby Laboratories
Dolby Laboratories, Inc. (often shortened to Dolby Labs and known simply as Dolby) is an American company specializing in Noise reduction#In audio, audio noise reduction, Audio data compression, audio encoding/compression, spatial audio, and High-dynamic-range television, HDR imaging. Dolby licenses its technologies to consumer electronics manufacturers. History Dolby Labs was founded by Ray Dolby (1933–2013) in London, England, in 1965. In the same year, he invented the Dolby noise-reduction system, Dolby Noise Reduction system, a form of audio signal processing for reducing the background hissing sound on audio tape recordings. His first U.S. patent on the technology was filed in 1969, four years later. The method was first used by Decca Records in the UK. He moved the company headquarters to the United States (San Francisco, California) in 1976. The first product Dolby Labs produced was the Dolby 301 unit which incorporated Type A Dolby Noise Reduction, a compander-based ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Candela Per Square Metre
The candela per square metre (symbol: cd/m2) is the unit of luminance in the International System of Units (SI). The unit is based on the candela, the SI unit of luminous intensity, and the square metre, the SI unit of area. The nit (symbol: nt) is a non-SI name also used for this unit (1 nt = 1 cd/m2). The term ''nit'' is believed to come from the Latin word , "to shine". As a measure of light emitted per unit area, this unit is frequently used to specify the brightness of a display device. The sRGB spec for monitors targets . Typically, monitors calibrated for SDR broadcast or studio color grading should have a brightness of . Most consumer desktop liquid crystal displays have luminances of 200 to 300 cd/m2. HDR displays range from 450 to above 1600 cd/m2. Comparison with other units of luminance One candela per square metre is equal to: *10−4 stilbs (the CGS unit of luminance) *π×10−4 lamberts *π apostilbs *0.292 foot-lamberts *π×103 skots ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Digital Entertainment Content Ecosystem
The Digital Entertainment Content Ecosystem (DECE, LLC.) was a consortium of major film studios, consumer electronics manufacturers and retailers, networking hardware vendors, systems integrators, and Digital Rights Management (DRM) vendors listed below. The consortium was announced in September 2008 by its president, Mitch Singer, who was also the chief technology officer (CTO) of Sony Pictures Entertainment at the time. DECE was chartered to develop a set of standards for the digital distribution of premium Hollywood content. The consortium created a set of rules and a back-end system for the management of those rules that enabled consumers to share purchased digital content among a domain of registered consumer electronics devices. DECE's digital locker system was named UltraViolet. Amazon, Apple, Disney, and Google were not members of DECE. In February 2014, Disney launched its own digital locker system named Keychest and an associated streaming platform named Disney Movies A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ISO Base Media File Format
The ISO base media file format (ISOBMFF) is a container file format that defines a general structure for files that contain time-based multimedia data such as video and audio. It is standardized in ISO/IEC 14496-12, a.k.a. MPEG-4 Part 12, and was formerly also published as ISO/IEC 15444-12, a.k.a. JPEG 2000 Part 12. It is designed as a flexible, extensible format that facilitates interchange, management, editing and presentation of the media. The presentation may be local, or via a network or other stream delivery mechanism. The file format is designed to be independent of any particular network protocol while enabling support for them in general. The format has become very widely used for media file storage and as the basis for various other media file formats (e.g. the MP4 and 3GP container formats), and its widespread use was recognized by a Technology & Engineering Emmy Award presented on 4 November 2021 by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. Histo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Advanced Video Coding
Advanced Video Coding (AVC), also referred to as H.264 or MPEG-4 Part 10, is a video compression standard based on block-oriented, motion-compensated coding. It is by far the most commonly used format for the recording, compression, and distribution of video content, used by 91% of video industry developers . It supports resolutions up to and including 8K UHD. The intent of the H.264/AVC project was to create a standard capable of providing good video quality at substantially lower bit rates than previous standards (i.e., half or less the bit rate of MPEG-2, H.263, or MPEG-4 Part 2), without increasing the complexity of design so much that it would be impractical or excessively expensive to implement. This was achieved with features such as a reduced-complexity integer discrete cosine transform (integer DCT), variable block-size segmentation, and multi-picture inter-picture prediction. An additional goal was to provide enough flexibility to allow the standard to be applied ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hybrid Log–gamma
The hybrid log–gamma (HLG) transfer function is a transfer function jointly developed by the BBC and NHK for high dynamic range (HDR) display. It's backward compatible with the transfer function of SDR (the gamma curve). It was approved as ARIB STD-B67 by the Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB). It is also defined in ATSC 3.0, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) UHD-1 Phase 2, and International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Rec. 2100. HLG is an HDR format that uses the HLG transfer function, BT.2020 color primaries and a bitdepth of 10-bit. HLG was designed to be backward compatible with SDR UHDTV. However, HLG is not intended to be fully backward compatible with traditional SDR displays that cannot interpret BT.2020 colorimetry. Both HLG transfer function and the HLG format are royalty-free. The backward compatibility allows them to be used with existing transmission standards when the receiver is compatible with the BT.2020 colour container, reducing compl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ultra HD Blu-ray
Ultra HD Blu-ray (4K Ultra HD, UHD-BD, or 4K Blu-ray) is a digital optical disc data storage format that is an enhanced variant of Blu-ray. Ultra HD Blu-ray discs are incompatible with existing standard Blu-ray players, though a traditional Blu-ray and digital copy are often packaged with Ultra HD Blu-ray discs. Ultra HD Blu-ray supports 4K UHD (3840 × 2160 pixel resolution) video at frame rates up to 60 progressive frames per second, encoded using High-Efficiency Video Coding. The discs support both high dynamic range by increasing the color depth to 10-bit per color and a greater color gamut than supported by conventional Blu-ray video by using the Rec. 2020 color space. The format is supported on Microsoft's Xbox One X, One S, Series X, and Sony's PlayStation 5. Video games made for the Xbox Series X and the PlayStation 5 can use 100 GB UHD Blu-ray discs. To differentiate retail Ultra HD Blu-ray releases, the format usually uses a black opaque or slightly transparent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fullhd
1080p (1920×1080 progressively displayed pixels; also known as Full HD or FHD, and BT.709) is a set of HDTV high-definition video modes characterized by 1,920 pixels displayed across the screen horizontally and 1,080 pixels down the screen vertically; the ''p'' stands for progressive scan, ''i.e.'' non-interlaced. The term usually assumes a widescreen aspect ratio of 16:9, implying a resolution of 2.1 megapixels. It is often marketed as Full HD or FHD, to contrast 1080p with 720p resolution screens. Although 1080p is sometimes informally referred to as 2K, these terms reflect two distinct technical standards, with differences including resolution and aspect ratio. 1080p video signals are supported by ATSC standards in the United States and DVB standards in Europe. Applications of the 1080p standard include television broadcasts, Blu-ray Discs, smartphones, Internet content such as YouTube videos and Netflix TV shows and movies, consumer-grade televisions and projectors, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ultra-high-definition Television
Ultra-high-definition television (also known as Ultra HD television, Ultra HD, UHDTV, UHD and Super Hi-Vision) today includes 4K UHD and 8K UHD, which are two digital video formats with an aspect ratio of 16:9. These were first proposed by NHK Science & Technology Research Laboratories and later defined and approved by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The Consumer Electronics Association announced on October 17, 2012, that "Ultra High Definition", or "Ultra HD", would be used for displays that have an aspect ratio of 16:9 or wider and at least one digital input capable of carrying and presenting native video at a minimum resolution of . In 2015, the Ultra HD Forum was created to bring together the end-to-end video production ecosystem to ensure interoperability and produce industry guidelines so that adoption of ultra-high-definition television could accelerate. From just 30 in Q3 2015, the forum published a list up to 55 commercial services available aroun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ICtCp
''ICTCP'', ''ICtCp'', or ''ITP'' is a color representation format specified in the Rec. ITU-R BT.2100 standard that is used as a part of the color image pipeline in video and digital photography systems for high dynamic range (HDR) and wide color gamut (WCG) imagery. It was developed by Dolby Laboratories from the ''IPT'' color space by Ebner and Fairchild.F.Ebner, M.D.Fairchild, Development and testing of a color space (IPT) with improved hue uniformity. In: Proceedings of The Sixth Color Imaging Conference, 8-13, 1998 The format is derived from an associated ''RGB'' color space by a coordinate transformation that includes two matrix transformations and an intermediate nonlinear transfer function that is informally known as gamma pre-correction. The transformation produces three signals called ''I'', ''CT'', and ''CP''. The ''ICTCP'' transformation can be used with ''RGB'' signals derived from either the perceptual quantizer (PQ) or hybrid log–gamma (HLG) nonlinearity func ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standard-dynamic-range Video
Standard-dynamic-range (SDR) video is a video technology which represents light intensity based on the brightness, Contrast (vision), contrast and color characteristics and limitations of a cathode ray tube (CRT) display. SDR video is able to represent a video or picture's colors with a maximum luminance around 100 Candela per square metre, cd/m2, a black level around 0.1 Candela per square metre, cd/m2 and Rec. 709, Rec.709 / sRGB Gamut, color gamut. It uses the Gamma correction, gamma curve as its electro-optical transfer function. The first CRT television sets were manufactured in 1934 and the first color CRT television sets were manufactured in 1954. The term "standard-dynamic-range video" was adopted to distinguish SDR video from high-dynamic-range video, a new technology that was developed in the 2010s to overcome SDR's limits. Technical details Transfer function Conventional Gamma correction, gamma curves: * Opto-electronic transfer function (OETF): ** Rec. 601 (analog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High Efficiency Video Coding
High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), also known as H.265 and MPEG-H Part 2, is a video compression standard designed as part of the MPEG-H project as a successor to the widely used Advanced Video Coding (AVC, H.264, or MPEG-4 Part 10). In comparison to AVC, HEVC offers from 25% to 50% better data compression at the same level of video quality, or substantially improved video quality at the same bit rate. It supports resolutions up to 8192×4320, including 8K UHD, and unlike the primarily 8-bit AVC, HEVC's higher fidelity Main 10 profile has been incorporated into nearly all supporting hardware. While AVC uses the integer discrete cosine transform (DCT) with 4×4 and 8×8 block sizes, HEVC uses integer DCT and DST transforms with varied block sizes between 4×4 and 32×32. The High Efficiency Image Format (HEIF) is based on HEVC. , HEVC is used by 43% of video developers, and is the second most widely used video coding format after AVC. Concept In most ways, HEVC is an extensi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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