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Distantiella Theobroma
''Distantiella'' is a genus of African bugs, of the family Miridae or "capsids", named after William Lucas Distant. This genus is placed in the subtribe Odoniellina: which has been included in tribes Dicyphini or Monaloniini. Species The Global Biodiversity Information Facility lists: # ''Distantiella collarti'' (Schouteden, 1935) # '' Distantiella theobroma'' (Distant, 1909) - type species (as ''Sahlbergella theobroma'' Distant) Description, distribution and importance Species of Distantiella are very similar to each other externally and the genus is most similar to ''Sahlbergella'': the latter genus differs in hind tibia have "regular setation" as opposed to dense setatition in this genus.Namyatova AA, Cassis G (2016) Systematics of the tribe Monaloniini ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'', 176, 36–136. Both species are distributed in Tropical Africa and their host plants are known to include various species of Malvaceae and ''Citrus'' spp. ''D. theobroma'' i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Edward China
William Edward China (7 December 1895 – 17 September 1979) was an English entomologist who was a specialist on the bugs ( Hemiptera). He served as Keeper of Entomology at the British Museum (Natural History) from 1932 to 1955. China was born in London and was educated at Cambridge. His education was interrupted by the First World War, during which he served in the army in France and then in the Royal Air Force. He obtained a degree in zoology from Cambridge after the war and then joined the British Museum in 1922 and became keeper of entomology in 1955. He specialized in Hemipteran systematics, publishing nearly 265 papers, describing 98 genera and nearly 248 species. During World War II, he managed the movement of specimens out of London. He obtained a D.Sc. from Cambridge University The University of Cambridge is a Public university, public collegiate university, collegiate research university in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1209 and granted a royal charter by Henry III of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sahlbergella
''Sahlbergella'' is a genus of African bugs in the family Miridae and tribe Dicyphini (subtribe Odoniellina). Species are mostly distributed in Africa, where ''S. singularis'' is a major insect pest of cacao: causing damage similar to ''Distantiella'' in tropical Africa and '' Helopeltis'' spp. in SE Asia.Entwistle PF (1972) ''Pests of Cocoa'', Longmans, London, 779 pp Species The Global Biodiversity Information Facility The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) is an international organisation that focuses on making scientific data on biodiversity available via the Internet using web services. The data are provided by many institutions from around the ... lists: # '' Sahlbergella ghesquierei'' Schouteden, 1935 # '' Sahlbergella lais'' Linnavuori, 1973 # '' Sahlbergella maynei'' Schouteden, 1935 # '' Sahlbergella singularis'' Haglund, 1895 - type speciesNamyatova AA, Cassis G (2016) Systematics of the tribe Monaloniini ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helopeltis
The genus ''Helopeltis'', also known as mosquito bugs, is a group of Heteropterans in the family Miridae (capsid bugs) and tribe Dicyphini. They include important pests of various crops, including cacao, cashew, cotton and tea. Now in a different subgenus, a number of similar ''Afropeltis'' species are pests in Africa. Mosquito bugs have a characteristic spine on the scutellum, which is a diagnostic feature. Classification in the field is based on morphological characteristics, with considerable variations in colouration between insects of the same species (although for example, ''H. theivora'' is characteristically green and ''H. antonii'' red-brown). Damage and distribution With typical Hemipteran sucking mouthparts, they pierce plant tissues and cause damage ranging from leaf tattering and fruit blemishes, to complete death of shoots, branches or whole plants. There has been evident speciation along the islands of the Malay archipelago and there may be cryptic species in thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sahlbergella Singularis
''Sahlbergella'' is a genus of African bugs in the family Miridae and tribe Dicyphini (subtribe Odoniellina). Species are mostly distributed in Africa, where ''S. singularis'' is a major insect pest of cacao: causing damage similar to ''Distantiella'' in tropical Africa and '' Helopeltis'' spp. in SE Asia.Entwistle PF (1972) ''Pests of Cocoa'', Longmans, London, 779 pp Species The Global Biodiversity Information Facility lists: # ''Sahlbergella ghesquierei'' Schouteden, 1935 # ''Sahlbergella lais'' Linnavuori, 1973 # ''Sahlbergella maynei ''Sahlbergella'' is a genus of African bugs in the family Miridae and tribe Dicyphini (subtribe Odoniellina). Species are mostly distributed in Africa, where ''S. singularis'' is a major insect pest of cacao: causing damage similar to ''Distan ...'' Schouteden, 1935 # '' Sahlbergella singularis'' Haglund, 1895 - type speciesNamyatova AA, Cassis G (2016) Systematics of the tribe Monaloniini ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'', 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theobroma Cacao
''Theobroma cacao'', also called the cacao tree and the cocoa tree, is a small ( tall) evergreen tree in the family Malvaceae. Its seeds, cocoa beans, are used to make chocolate liquor, cocoa solids, cocoa butter and chocolate. The largest producer of cocoa beans in 2018 was Ivory Coast, 2.2 million tons. Description Its leaves are alternate, entire, unlobed, long and broad. Flowers The flowers are produced in clusters directly on the trunk and older branches; this is known as cauliflory. The flowers are small, diameter, with pink calyx. The floral formula, used to represent the structure of a flower using numbers, is ✶ K5 C5 A(5°+52) (5). While many of the world's flowers are pollinated by bees ( Hymenoptera) or butterflies/moths ( Lepidoptera), cacao flowers are pollinated by tiny flies, ''Forcipomyia'' midges in the subfamily Forcipomyiinae. Using the natural pollinator ''Forcipomyia'' midges for ''Theobroma cacao'' was shown to have more fruit production th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citrus
''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering plant, flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as Orange (fruit), oranges, Lemon, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and lime (fruit), limes. The genus ''Citrus'' is native to South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Melanesia, and Australia (continent), Australia. Various citrus species have been used and domesticated by indigenous cultures in these areas since ancient times. From there its cultivation spread into Micronesia and Polynesia by the Austronesian expansion (c. 3000–1500 BCE); and to the Middle East and the Mediterranean (c. 1200 BCE) via the incense trade route, and onwards to Europe and the Americas. History Citrus plants are native to subtropical and tropical regions of Asia, Island Southeast Asia, Near Oceania, and northeastern Australia. Domestication of citrus species involved much hybridization and introgression, leaving much uncertainty ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malvaceae
Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as ''Alcea'' (hollyhock), ''Malva'' (mallow), and ''Tilia'' (lime or linden tree). The largest genera in terms of number of species include ''Hibiscus'' (300 species), ''Sterculia'' (250 species), ''Dombeya'' (250 species), '' Pavonia'' (200 species) and '' Sida'' (200 species). Taxonomy and nomenclature The circumscription of the Malvaceae is controversial. The traditional Malvaceae '' sensu stricto'' comprise a very homogeneous and cladistically monophyletic group. Another major circumscription, Malvaceae ''sensu lato'', has been more recently defined on the basis that genetics studies have shown the commonly recognised families Bombacaceae, Tiliaceae, and Sterculiaceae, which have always been considered closely allie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Setae
In biology, setae (singular seta ; from the Latin word for "bristle") are any of a number of different bristle- or hair-like structures on living organisms. Animal setae Protostomes Annelid setae are stiff bristles present on the body. They help, for example, earthworms to attach to the surface and prevent backsliding during peristaltic motion. These hairs make it difficult to pull a worm straight from the ground. Setae in oligochaetes (a group including earthworms) are largely composed of chitin. They are classified according to the limb to which they are attached; for instance, notosetae are attached to notopodia; neurosetae to neuropodia. Crustaceans have mechano- and chemosensory setae. Setae are especially present on the mouthparts of crustaceans and can also be found on grooming limbs. In some cases, setae are modified into scale like structures. Setae on the legs of krill and other small crustaceans help them to gather phytoplankton. It captures them and allows ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tibia (arthropod Leg)
The arthropod leg is a form of jointed appendage of arthropods, usually used for walking. Many of the terms used for arthropod leg segments (called podomeres) are of Latin origin, and may be confused with terms for bones: ''coxa'' (meaning hip, plural ''coxae''), ''trochanter'', ''femur'' (plural ''femora''), ''tibia'' (plural ''tibiae''), ''tarsus'' (plural ''tarsi''), ''ischium'' (plural ''ischia''), ''metatarsus'', ''carpus'', ''dactylus'' (meaning finger), ''patella'' (plural ''patellae''). Homologies of leg segments between groups are difficult to prove and are the source of much argument. Some authors posit up to eleven segments per leg for the most recent common ancestor of extant arthropods but modern arthropods have eight or fewer. It has been argued that the ancestral leg need not have been so complex, and that other events, such as successive loss of function of a ''Hox''-gene, could result in parallel gains of leg segments. In arthropods, each of the leg segments arti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Distantiella Theobroma
''Distantiella'' is a genus of African bugs, of the family Miridae or "capsids", named after William Lucas Distant. This genus is placed in the subtribe Odoniellina: which has been included in tribes Dicyphini or Monaloniini. Species The Global Biodiversity Information Facility lists: # ''Distantiella collarti'' (Schouteden, 1935) # '' Distantiella theobroma'' (Distant, 1909) - type species (as ''Sahlbergella theobroma'' Distant) Description, distribution and importance Species of Distantiella are very similar to each other externally and the genus is most similar to ''Sahlbergella'': the latter genus differs in hind tibia have "regular setation" as opposed to dense setatition in this genus.Namyatova AA, Cassis G (2016) Systematics of the tribe Monaloniini ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'', 176, 36–136. Both species are distributed in Tropical Africa and their host plants are known to include various species of Malvaceae and ''Citrus'' spp. ''D. theobroma'' i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heteroptera
The Heteroptera are a group of about 40,000 species of insects in the order Hemiptera. They are sometimes called "true bugs", though that name more commonly refers to the Hemiptera as a whole. "Typical bugs" might be used as a more unequivocal alternative, since the heteropterans are most consistently and universally termed "bugs" among the Hemiptera. "Heteroptera" is Greek for "different wings": most species have forewings with both membranous and hardened portions (called hemelytra); members of the primitive sub-group Enicocephalomorpha have completely membranous wings. The name "Heteroptera" is used in two very different ways in modern classifications. In Linnean nomenclature, it commonly appears as a suborder within the order Hemiptera, where it can be paraphyletic or monophyletic depending on its delimitation. In phylogenetic nomenclature, it is used as an unranked clade within the Prosorrhyncha clade, which in turn is in the Hemiptera clade. This results from the realiza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Distantiella Collarti
''Distantiella'' is a genus of African Heteroptera, bugs, of the family Miridae or "capsids", named after William Lucas Distant. This genus is placed in the subtribe Odoniellina: which has been included in Tribe (biology), tribes Dicyphini or Monaloniini. Species The Global Biodiversity Information Facility lists: # ''Distantiella collarti'' (Schouteden, 1935) # ''Distantiella theobroma'' (Distant, 1909) - type species (as ''Sahlbergella theobroma'' Distant) Description, distribution and importance Species of Distantiella are very similar to each other externally and the genus is most similar to ''Sahlbergella'': the latter genus differs in hind Tibia (arthropod leg), tibia have "regular setation" as opposed to dense setae, setatition in this genus.Namyatova AA, Cassis G (2016) Systematics of the tribe Monaloniini ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'', 176, 36–136. Both species are distributed in Tropical Africa and their host plants are known to include various speci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
