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Diet Of Speyer (1542)
Diet of Speyer or Diet of Spires refers to any of the sessions of the imperial diets of the Holy Roman Empire, of which 50 took place between 838 and 1570 in the city of Speyer (Spires), now in Germany. The most famous sessions occurred in 1526 and 1529. An incomplete lists of Diets of Speyer includes: * Diet of Speyer (838) * Diet of Speyer (1126) * Diet of Speyer (1146)-Bernard of Clairvaux convinces Holy Roman Emperor Conrad III and many nobles to join 2nd crusade * Diet of Speyer (1178) * Diet of Speyer (1193) * Diet of Speyer (1205) * Diet of Speyer (1213) * Diet of Speyer (1273) * Diet of Speyer (1309) * Diet of Speyer (1384) * Diet of Speyer (1414) * Diet of Speyer (1444) * Diet of Speyer (1487) * Diet of Speyer (1526) (Speyer I) * Diet of Speyer (1529) (Speyer II) * Diet of Speyer (1542) * Diet of Speyer (1544) * Diet of Speyer (1570) (Speyer V) See also * Treaty of Speyer (other) *Protestation at Speyer {{Set index article Speyer Speyer (, older spelling '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)
The Imperial Diet ( la, Dieta Imperii Comitium Imperiale; german: Reichstag) was the deliberative body of the Holy Roman Empire. It was not a legislative body in the contemporary sense; its members envisioned it more like a central forum where it was more important to negotiate than to decide. Its members were the Imperial Estates, divided into three colleges. The diet as a permanent, regularized institution evolved from the ''Hoftage'' (court assemblies) of the Middle Ages. From 1663 until the end of the empire in 1806, it was in permanent session at Regensburg. All Imperial Estates enjoyed immediacy and, therefore, they had no authority above them besides the Holy Roman Emperor himself. While all the estates were entitled to a seat and vote, only the higher temporal and spiritual princes of the College of Princes enjoyed an individual vote (''Virilstimme''), while lesser estates such as imperial counts and imperial abbots, were merely entitled to a collective vote (''Kuriats ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a Polity, political entity in Western Europe, Western, Central Europe, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. From the accession of Otto I in 962 until the twelfth century, the Empire was the most powerful monarchy in Europe. Andrew Holt characterizes it as "perhaps the most powerful European state of the Middle Ages". The functioning of government depended on the harmonic cooperation (dubbed ''consensual rulership'' by Bernd Schneidmüller) between monarch and vassals but this harmony was disturbed during the Salian Dynasty, Salian period. The empire reached the apex of territorial expansion and power under the House of Hohenstaufen in the mid-thirteenth century, but overextending led to partial collapse. On 25 December 800, Pope Leo III crowned the List of Frankish kings, Frankish king Charlemagne as Carolingi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Speyer
Speyer (, older spelling ''Speier'', French: ''Spire,'' historical English: ''Spires''; pfl, Schbaija) is a city in Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany with approximately 50,000 inhabitants. Located on the left bank of the river Rhine, Speyer lies south of Ludwigshafen and Mannheim, and south-west of Heidelberg. Founded by the Romans, it is one of Germany's oldest cities. Speyer Cathedral, a number of other churches, and the Altpörtel (''old gate'') dominate the Speyer landscape. In the cathedral, beneath the high altar, are the tombs of eight Holy Roman Emperors and German kings. The city is famous for the 1529 Protestation at Speyer. One of the ShUM-cities which formed the cultural center of Jewish life in Europe during the Middle Ages, Speyer and its Jewish courtyard was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2021. History The first known names were ''Noviomagus'' and ''Civitas Nemetum'', after the Teutonic tribe, Nemetes, settled in the area. The name ''Spi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernard Of Clairvaux
Bernard of Clairvaux, O. Cist. ( la, Bernardus Claraevallensis; 109020 August 1153), venerated as Saint Bernard, was an abbot, mystic, co-founder of the Knights Templars, and a major leader in the reformation of the Benedictine Order through the nascent Cistercian Order. He was sent to found Clairvaux Abbey at an isolated clearing in a glen known as the ''Val d'Absinthe'', about southeast of Bar-sur-Aube. In the year 1128, Bernard attended the Council of Troyes, at which he traced the outlines of the Rule of the Knights Templar, which soon became an ideal of Christian nobility. On the death of Pope Honorius II in 1130, a schism arose in the church. Bernard was a major proponent of Pope Innocent II, arguing effectively for his legitimacy over the Antipope Anacletus II. In 1139, Bernard attended the Second Council of the Lateran and criticized Peter Abelard vocally. Bernard advocated crusades in general and convinced many to participate in the unsuccessful Second Crusade, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diet Of Speyer (1526)
The Diet of Speyer or the Diet of Spires (sometimes referred to as Speyer I) was an Imperial Diet of the Holy Roman Empire in 1526 in the Imperial City of Speyer in present-day Germany. The Diet's ambiguous edict resulted in a temporary suspension of the Edict of Worms and aided the expansion of Protestantism. Those results were repudiated in the Diet of Speyer (1529). Cause As the reform movement advanced, the execution of the Edict of Worms (1521), an edict by Charles V outlawing Martin Luther and all his writings with death sentences and confiscatory penalties for anyone, such as a printer, who was found with them in their possession, became less and less practicable. Attempts had been made to enforce the Edict of Worms by two Diets of Nuremberg in 1522 and 1524, but both failed. That was also manifest at the imperial Diet of Speyer, held in the summer of 1526. Although the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, had originally intended to attend this meeting, commitments in the rest o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diet Of Speyer (1529)
The Diet of Speyer or the Diet of Spires (sometimes referred to as Speyer II) was a Diet of the Holy Roman Empire held in 1529 in the Imperial City of Speyer (located in present-day Germany). The Diet condemned the results of the Diet of Speyer of 1526 and prohibited future reformation. It resulted in the Protestation at Speyer. Diet The Diet of Speyer was convened in March 1529, for action against the Turks, whose armies were pressing forward in Hungary, and would besiege Vienna later in the year, and against the further progress of Protestantism. The Diet opened on 15 March. The Catholic dignitaries appeared in full force, as did various princes and representatives of imperial cities who were leaning towards Luther and Zwingli's reforms. Ascendant Roman Catholic forces, particularly given Charles V's recent successes against the French in Italy, aimed to reverse the policy of religious tolerance adopted in 1526. The meeting was not attended by Charles. He sent instruction ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diet Of Speyer (1542)
Diet of Speyer or Diet of Spires refers to any of the sessions of the imperial diets of the Holy Roman Empire, of which 50 took place between 838 and 1570 in the city of Speyer (Spires), now in Germany. The most famous sessions occurred in 1526 and 1529. An incomplete lists of Diets of Speyer includes: * Diet of Speyer (838) * Diet of Speyer (1126) * Diet of Speyer (1146)-Bernard of Clairvaux convinces Holy Roman Emperor Conrad III and many nobles to join 2nd crusade * Diet of Speyer (1178) * Diet of Speyer (1193) * Diet of Speyer (1205) * Diet of Speyer (1213) * Diet of Speyer (1273) * Diet of Speyer (1309) * Diet of Speyer (1384) * Diet of Speyer (1414) * Diet of Speyer (1444) * Diet of Speyer (1487) * Diet of Speyer (1526) (Speyer I) * Diet of Speyer (1529) (Speyer II) * Diet of Speyer (1542) * Diet of Speyer (1544) * Diet of Speyer (1570) (Speyer V) See also * Treaty of Speyer (other) *Protestation at Speyer {{Set index article Speyer Speyer (, older spelling '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diet Of Speyer (1544)
The Fourth Imperial Diet of Speyer, also referred to as the Diet of 1544,Herzog, p. 46. was a Diet of the Holy Roman Empire, called together on February 20, 1544 by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Charles called the meeting because he wanted to fight a war against France, which he acknowledged required the support of the Lutheran princes, many of them members of the Schmalkaldic League. He received their support by granting them concessions and almost completely abandoning his Catholic position, disregarding the wishes of Pope Paul III. It was decided at this meeting that no formal action should be taken against the Lutherans until a free council met.Acton, p. 661. See also *Treaty of Speyer (1544) Notes Bibliography * * * Schmalkaldic League Speyer Speyer (, older spelling ''Speier'', French: ''Spire,'' historical English: ''Spires''; pfl, Schbaija) is a city in Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany with approximately 50,000 inhabitants. Located on the left bank of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diet Of Speyer (1570)
The Diet of Speyer or the Diet of Spires (sometimes referred to as Speyer V) was an Imperial Diet of the Holy Roman Empire which took place in 1570 in the Imperial City of Speyer (also known as ''Spires'', in present-day Germany). Diet The Diet decided to allow printing only in free imperial cities, residences and university towns. This was a measure to exert tighter control (censorship) in the struggle against the spread of the Protestant Reformation. The Diet also decided to return part of the land confiscated from Elector John Frederick II of Saxony to his children John Casimir (who received the Coburg area) and John Ernest (who received the Eisenach area). The Diet also agreed to the Treaty of Speyer (1570) in which King John II Sigismund Zápolya abdicated as King of Hungary in favor of Emperor Maximilian II. John became Prince of Transylvania. {{Germany-hist-stub Speyer Speyer Speyer (, older spelling ''Speier'', French: ''Spire,'' historical English: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Speyer (other)
{{disambiguation ...
The term Treaty of Speyer or Treaty of Spires refers to any of several treaties signed in the city of Speyer (Spires), now in Germany: * Treaty of Speyer (1209) *Treaty of Speyer (1544), or the Peace of Speyer *Treaty of Speyer (1570) See also * Diet of Speyer *Protestation at Speyer On April 19, 1529, six princes and representatives of 14 Imperial Free Cities petitioned the Imperial Diet at Speyer against an imperial ban of Martin Luther, as well as the proscription of his works and teachings, and called for the unhin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protestation At Speyer
On April 19, 1529, six princes and representatives of 14 Imperial Free Cities petitioned the Imperial Diet at Speyer against an imperial ban of Martin Luther, as well as the proscription of his works and teachings, and called for the unhindered spread of the evangelical faith. The "Protestants" The 6 Princes # John the Steadfast of Wettin, Elector of Saxony # George the Pious of Hohenzollern, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach # Ernest I the Confessor of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duke of Lüneburg-Celle and his brother #Francis, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duke of Gifhorn # Philip I the Magnanimous, Landgrave of Hesse # Wolfgang of Ascania, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen The 14 Imperial Free Cities #Strassburg #Augsburg #Ulm #Konstanz #Lindau #Memmingen #Kempten #Nördlingen # Heilbronn #Reutlingen # Isny #St. Gallen # Weissenburg #Windsheim The "Protestants" withdrawing their initial support #Cologne #Frankfurt am Main Cause Eight years earlier Martin Luther had been banned by t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
