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De Kroon, Arnhem
De Kroon ( en, The Crown) or the Klarendalse Molen is a tower mill in Arnhem, Gelderland, Netherlands which was built in 1870 and is in working order. The mill is listed as a Rijksmonument. History ''De Kroon'' was originally built in 1849 for Albertus Burgers. It stood at the junction of Amsterdamseweg and Rozenstraat, where it was known as ''De Hoop'' ( en, The Hope). The mill was demolished in 1870 and rebuilt in the Klarendseweg. Burgers owned the mill until 1886. The ''Menno van Coehoornkazerne'' (an army barracks) was built nearby in 1885 and provided good trade for the mill. The barracks started grinding its own meal in 1900 and the mill's business declined. The mill was now owned by the Reymes brothers. The stage collapsed on 13 July 1933, but it was soon replaced. The mill was restored in 1936, but still ran at a loss. In 1945 the sails were fitted with the Fok system on their leading edges. The mill did little work due to competition from power-driven mills. The mill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grist Mill
A gristmill (also: grist mill, corn mill, flour mill, feed mill or feedmill) grinds cereal grain into flour and Wheat middlings, middlings. The term can refer to either the Mill (grinding), grinding mechanism or the building that holds it. Grist is grain that has been separated from its chaff in preparation for grinding. History Early history The Greek geographer Strabo reports in his ''Geography'' a water-powered grain-mill to have existed near the palace of king Mithradates VI Eupator at Cabira, Asia Minor, before 71 BC. The early mills had horizontal paddle wheels, an arrangement which later became known as the "Water wheel#Vertical axis, Norse wheel", as many were found in Scandinavia. The paddle wheel was attached to a shaft which was, in turn, attached to the centre of the millstone called the "runner stone". The turning force produced by the water on the paddles was transferred directly to the runner stone, causing it to grind against a stationary "Mill machinery#Wat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Het Fortuyn, Arnhem
Het Fortuyn ( en, The Fortune) is a tower mill in the Netherlands Open Air Museum, located in Arnhem, Gelderland, Netherlands which was built in 1920 and is in working order. History ''Het Fortuyn'' was originally built at Delft, South Holland in 1696. The first mill on that site was a post mill built in 1551 and demolished during the Eighty Years' War. Permission was granted in 1603 for a replacement mill to be erected. This was also a post mill, known as the ''Slikmolen''. It is shown in the painting ''Gezicht op Delft gezien vanuit het noorden'' by Hendrik Cornelisz Vroom. The painting is in the Museum Het Prinsenhof, Delft. ''Het Fortuyn'' was thus the third mill on this site. Circa 1800, the mill was still known as the ''Slikmolen'', gaining the name ''Het Fortuyn'' between 1807 and 1817. The mill drove four pairs of millstones. In 1873, a pair of millstones for the production of pearl barley was added. In the late 19th century the mill was owned by the Rossum family ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agricultural Buildings In The Netherlands
Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. The history of agriculture began thousands of years ago. After gathering wild grains beginning at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers began to plant them around 11,500 years ago. Sheep, goats, pigs and cattle were domesticated over 10,000 years ago. Plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions of the world. Industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture in the twentieth century came to dominate agricultural output, though about 2 billion people still depended on subsistence agriculture. The major agricultural products can be broadly grouped into foods, fibers, fuels, and raw materials (such as rubber). Food classes include cereals ( grains), vegetables, fruits, cooking oils, meat, mil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grinding Mills In The Netherlands
Grind is the cross-sectional shape of a blade. Grind, grinds, or grinding may also refer to: Grinding action * Grinding (abrasive cutting), a method of crafting * Grinding (dance), suggestive club dancing * Grinding (video gaming), repetitive and uninteresting gameplay * Bruxism, grinding of the teeth * Grind (sport), a sliding stance usually performed in extreme sports such as aggressive skating and boardsports; Grinds (skateboarding) * Grind (whaling), pilot whale hunting in the Faroe Islands * Grinds, private tutoring, in Ireland * Mill (grinding) * Grinding, the operation of the winches on a yacht; the work done by a grinder (sailing position) Geography * Grind, a village in Lăpugiu de Jos Commune, Hunedoara County, Romania * Grind (Unirea), a tributary of the Unirea in Cluj and Alba Counties, Romania Film and TV * ''Grind'' (2003 film), about amateur skaters * ''The Grind'' (1915 film), a silent movie * ''Grind'' (1997 film), starring Billy Crudup and Adrienne Shell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tower Mills In The Netherlands
A tower is a tall structure, taller than it is wide, often by a significant factor. Towers are distinguished from masts by their lack of guy-wires and are therefore, along with tall buildings, self-supporting structures. Towers are specifically distinguished from buildings in that they are built not to be habitable but to serve other functions using the height of the tower. For example, the height of a clock tower improves the visibility of the clock, and the height of a tower in a fortified building such as a castle increases the visibility of the surroundings for defensive purposes. Towers may also be built for observation, leisure, or telecommunication purposes. A tower can stand alone or be supported by adjacent buildings, or it may be a feature on top of a larger structure or building. Etymology Old English ''torr'' is from Latin ''turris'' via Old French ''tor''. The Latin term together with Greek τύρσις was loaned from a pre-Indo-European Mediterranean language, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Windmills Completed In 1870
A windmill is a structure that converts wind power into rotational energy using vanes called sails or blades, specifically to mill grain (gristmills), but the term is also extended to windpumps, wind turbines, and other applications, in some parts of the English speaking world. The term wind engine is sometimes used to describe such devices. Windmills were used throughout the high medieval and early modern periods; the horizontal or panemone windmill first appeared in Persia during the 9th century, and the vertical windmill first appeared in northwestern Europe in the 12th century. Regarded as an icon of Dutch culture, there are approximately 1,000 windmills in the Netherlands today. Forerunners Wind-powered machines may have been known earlier, but there is no clear evidence of windmills before the 9th century. Hero of Alexandria (Heron) in first-century Roman Egypt described what appears to be a wind-driven wheel to power a machine.Dietrich Lohrmann, "Von der östlichen z ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buildings And Structures Demolished In 1870
A building, or edifice, is an enclosed structure with a roof and walls standing more or less permanently in one place, such as a house or factory (although there's also portable buildings). Buildings come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and functions, and have been adapted throughout history for a wide number of factors, from building materials available, to weather conditions, land prices, ground conditions, specific uses, prestige, and aesthetic reasons. To better understand the term ''building'' compare the list of nonbuilding structures. Buildings serve several societal needs – primarily as shelter from weather, security, living space, privacy, to store belongings, and to comfortably live and work. A building as a shelter represents a physical division of the human habitat (a place of comfort and safety) and the ''outside'' (a place that at times may be harsh and harmful). Ever since the first cave paintings, buildings have also become objects or canvasses of much artistic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Windmills Completed In 1849
A windmill is a structure that converts wind power into rotational energy using vanes called windmill sail, sails or blades, specifically to mill (grinding), mill grain (gristmills), but the term is also extended to windpumps, wind turbines, and other applications, in some parts of the English speaking world. The term wind engine is sometimes used to describe such devices. Windmills were used throughout the High Middle Ages, high medieval and early modern periods; the horizontal or panemone windmill first appeared in Persia during the 9th century, and the vertical windmill first appeared in northwestern Europe in the 12th century. Regarded as an icon of Culture of the Netherlands, Dutch culture, there are approximately 1,000 windmills in the Netherlands today. Forerunners Wind-powered machines may have been known earlier, but there is no clear evidence of windmills before the 9th century. Hero of Alexandria (Heron) in first-century Roman Egypt described what appears to be a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Windmills In Gelderland
A windmill is a structure that converts wind power into rotational energy using vanes called sails or blades, specifically to mill grain (gristmills), but the term is also extended to windpumps, wind turbines, and other applications, in some parts of the English speaking world. The term wind engine is sometimes used to describe such devices. Windmills were used throughout the high medieval and early modern periods; the horizontal or panemone windmill first appeared in Persia during the 9th century, and the vertical windmill first appeared in northwestern Europe in the 12th century. Regarded as an icon of Dutch culture, there are approximately 1,000 windmills in the Netherlands today. Forerunners Wind-powered machines may have been known earlier, but there is no clear evidence of windmills before the 9th century. Hero of Alexandria (Heron) in first-century Roman Egypt described what appears to be a wind-driven wheel to power a machine.Dietrich Lohrmann, "Von der östlichen z ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arnhem Smock Mill (1960)
The smock mill at the Netherlands Open Air Museum, Arnhem, Gelderland, Netherlands was originally built at Noordlaren, Groningen, Netherlands in 1862. It was dismantled in 1953 and re-erected at the museum in 1960. The mill has been restored to working order. History The mill was originally built to drain the Oosterpolder at Noordlaren, Groningen in 1862, replacing an earlier mill. In 1895, the upper part of the wooden upright shaft was replaced by one of cast iron, made by the IJzergieterij De Prins van Oranje, The Hague, South Holland. At that time, one pair of Common sails were replaced by Patent sails. Later, the mill ran with four Patent sails. In 1913, a steam-powered pumping station was constructed to assist the drainage of the polder during periods of calm. Electricity replaced steam in 1939. In 1942, it was proposed to demolish the mill, but this was postponed due to World War II. Post-war, the polder board and the Gemeente Haren disagreed over the proposal to demolis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arnhem Post Mill (1989)
A hollow post mill at the Netherlands Open Air Museum, Arnhem, Gelderland, Netherlands was originally built at Wormer, North Holland, Netherlands. During World War I, it was moved to Langweer, Friesland. It was dismantled in 1960 and re-erected at the museum in 1989. The mill has been restored to working order. History The mill was originally built at Wormer, North Holland, Netherlands. During World War I, it was moved to Langweer, Friesland. It was dismantled in 1960 and re-erected at the Netherlands Open Air Museum, Arnhem, Gelderland in 1989. The mill was severely damaged in a snowstorm in 2000. It was restored in 2003. Description The mill is what the Dutch describe as a ''Weidemolen'' ( en, Meadow mill). It is a small hollow post mill on a roundhouse. The mill is winded by tail vane. The buck and roundhouse are covered in boards. The sails are Common sails. They have a span of . The sails are carried on a wooden ''windshaft''. The ''windshaft'' carries the ''brake whe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arnhem Post Mill (1946)
A hollow post mill at the Netherlands Open Air Museum, Arnhem, Gelderland, Netherlands was originally built at Gouda, South Holland, Netherlands. It was dismantled in 1946 and re-erected at the museum. The mill has been restored to working order. History The mill was originally built to drain the Oude en Nieuwe Goudse Polder at Gouda, South Holland. It was dismantled in 1946 and re-erected at the Netherlands Open Air Museum, Arnhem, Gelderland. The mill was restored to working order in 2009. Description The mill is what the Dutch describe as a ''Weidemolen'' ( en, Meadow mill). It is a small hollow post mill on a roundhouse. The mill is winded by tail vane. The buck and roundhouse are covered in boards. The sails are Common sails. They have a span of . The sails are carried on a wooden ''windshaft''. The ''windshaft'' carries the ''brake wheel'' which has 32 cogs. This drives the ''wallower'' (9 cogs) at the top of the ''upright shaft''. At the bottom of the ''upright shaft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
