The smock mill at the Netherlands Open Air Museum, Arnhem,

Gelderland Gelderland (), also known as Guelders () in English, is a province of the Netherlands, occupying the centre-east of the country. With a total area of of which is water, it is the largest province of the Netherlands by land area, and second by ...

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

was originally built at Noordlaren,

Groningen Groningen (; gos, Grunn or ) is the capital city and main municipality of Groningen province in the Netherlands. The ''capital of the north'', Groningen is the largest place as well as the economic and cultural centre of the northern part of t ...

, Netherlands in 1862. It was dismantled in 1953 and re-erected at the museum in 1960. The mill has been restored to working order.

History

The mill was originally built to drain the Oosterpolder at Noordlaren,

in 1862, replacing an earlier mill. In 1895, the upper part of the wooden upright shaft was replaced by one of

cast iron Cast iron is a class of iron–carbon alloys with a carbon content more than 2%. Its usefulness derives from its relatively low melting temperature. The alloy constituents affect its color when fractured: white cast iron has carbide impuriti ...

, made by the IJzergieterij De Prins van Oranje,

The Hague The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital of ...

South Holland South Holland ( nl, Zuid-Holland ) is a province of the Netherlands with a population of over 3.7 million as of October 2021 and a population density of about , making it the country's most populous province and one of the world's most densely ...

. At that time, one pair of

Common sails Common may refer to: Places * Common, a townland in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland * Boston Common, a central public park in Boston, Massachusetts * Cambridge Common, common land area in Cambridge, Massachusetts * Clapham Common, originally com ...

were replaced by

Patent sails Windmills are powered by their sails. Sails are found in different designs, from primitive common sails to the advanced patent sails. Jib sails The jib sail is found in Mediterranean countries and consists of a simple triangle of cloth wound rou ...

. Later, the mill ran with four Patent sails. In 1913, a steam-powered pumping station was constructed to assist the drainage of the polder during periods of calm. Electricity replaced steam in 1939. In 1942, it was proposed to demolish the mill, but this was postponed due to

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

. Post-war, the polder board and the Gemeente Haren disagreed over the proposal to demolish the mill. A licence to demolish was issued on 17 January 1951. The mill was dismantled in 1953 and moved to Arnhem. The mill was rebuilt in 1960, incorporating the base of a demolished windmill from Spijkerboor. The Patent sails were replaced with Common sails, but the mill was not returned to working order. This did not occur until 1995 when the mill was restored. The sails were fitted with the Fok system on their leading edges.

Description

The mill is what the Dutch describe as a ''Grondzeiler''. It is a two-storey smock mill on a single-storey base. There is no stage, the sails reaching almost to ground level. The mill is winded by tailpole and winch. The smock and cap are thatched. The sails are

, fitted with the Fok system on their leading edges. They have a span of . The sails are carried on a cast-iron ''windshaft'' which was cast by the IJzergieterij De Prins van Oranje,

in 1960. The ''windshaft'' carries the wooden ''brake wheel'' which has 48 cogs. This drives the ''wallower'' (29 cogs) at the top of the ''upright shaft''. At the bottom of the ''upright shaft'' there are two ''crown wheels''. The upper ''crown wheel'', which has 40 cogs drives an

Archimedes' screw The Archimedes screw, also known as the Archimedean screw, hydrodynamic screw, water screw or Egyptian screw, is one of the earliest hydraulic machines. Using Archimedes screws as water pumps (Archimedes screw pump (ASP) or screw pump) dates back ...

via a ''crown wheel''. The lower ''crown wheel'', which has 35 cogs is carried on the axle of the Archimedes' screw.

Public access

The mill is open during museum opening hours.

References

External links

Openluchtmuseum webpage about the mill
{{DEFAULTSORT:Arnhem smock mill Windmills in Gelderland Windmills completed in 1960 Smock mills in the Netherlands Windpumps in the Netherlands Agricultural buildings in the Netherlands Octagonal buildings in the Netherlands Buildings and structures in Arnhem

History

Description

Public access

See also

References

External links