Duvalo
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Duvalo
Duvalo ( mk, Дувало) is an active geothermal surface feature situated close to the village of Kosel, near Lake Ohrid in the southwest of North Macedonia. Located at 740 metres above the sea level, it resembles a miniature crater with a diameter of 50 centimetres and a depth of 30 cm. Gaseous carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide are released from the hole (therefore making it both a fumarole and a mofetta Mofetta (Italian from Latin ''mephītis'', a pestilential exhalation) is a name applied to a volcanic discharge consisting chiefly of carbon dioxide, often associated with other vapours, representing the final phase of volcanic activity. The Oxfo ...), and the smell of sulfur is said to be felt in a 3 kilometre radius around it. It represents the last traces of the historically significant volcanic activity in the area. During the Ottoman Empire it was used to mine sulfur. On 28 May 2014 "significant amount of smoke" were emitted by the feature, a historic first. ...
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Geology Of North Macedonia
The geology of North Macedonia includes the study of rocks dating to the Precambrian and a wide array of volcanic, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks formed in the last 539 million years. Stratigraphy, tectonics and geological history Geologists have partitioned the country up into four distinct zones (ZMZ - Western Macedonian Zone, PM - Pelagonian Massif, VZ - Vardar Zone, SMM - Serbo-Macedonian Massif) with three major fault lines and pock-marked by two volcanic areas (CKZ - Cukali-Krasta Zone, KZ - Kraistide Zone). Generally, the fault lines strike NNW to S. Precambrian formations include highly metamorphosed crystalline rocks and are distinguished as Pelagonian Horst Anticlinorium (also known as the Pelagon, or the Pelagonian Massifhttp://eprints.ugd.edu.mk/4181/1/geologica_balcanica_v.mircovski.pdf ) together with some blocks in the Vardar Zone. They are widely distributed in the Serbian-Macedonian Massif. The lower part of the segment includes gneiss, biotite, muscovi ...
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Kosel, North Macedonia
Kosel ( mk, Косел) is a village in the municipality of Ohrid, North Macedonia. The village is known for its proximity to the extinct volcano Duvalo, which gives the village and its surroundings a permanent sulphuric scent. The population of Kosel Municipality, which merged with Ohrid Municipality in 2002, was 1,369. Demographics According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 586 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:Macedonian Census (2002) ''Book 5 - Total population according to the Ethnic Affiliation, Mother Tongue and Religion'' The State Statistical Office, Skopje, 2002, p. 117. * Macedonians 576 *Serbs 6 *Others 4 Sports Local football club FK Vulkan FK Vulkan Sport ( mk, ФК Вулкан Спорт) is a football club based in the village of Kosel near Ohrid, North Macedonia North Macedonia, ; sq, Maqedonia e Veriut, (Macedonia before February 2019), officially the Republic of No ... plays in the OFS Ohrid league. References ...
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Lake Ohrid
Lake Ohrid ( mk, Охридско Езеро , al, Liqeni i Ohrit , also referred as ''Liqeni i Pogradecit'';) is a lake which straddles the mountainous border between the southwestern part of North Macedonia and eastern Albania. It is one of Europe's deepest and oldest lakes, with a unique aquatic ecosystem of worldwide importance, with more than 200 endemic species. North Macedonia's side of Lake Ohrid was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1979, with the site being extended to also include the cultural and historic area of Ohrid in 1980. In 2010, NASA named one of Titan's lakes after it. In 2014, the Ohrid-Prespa Transboundary Reserve between Albania and North Macedonia was added to UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves. Albania's side of Lake Ohrid was also designated UNESCO world heritage status in 2019. North Macedonia's portion was designated as a protected Ramsar site in 2021, passing all nine criteria for proclamation.Ministry of Environment and Physical ...
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North Macedonia
North Macedonia, ; sq, Maqedonia e Veriut, (Macedonia before February 2019), officially the Republic of North Macedonia,, is a country in Southeast Europe. It gained independence in 1991 as one of the successor states of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia. It is a landlocked country bordering Kosovo to the northwest, Serbia to the north, Bulgaria to the east, Greece to the south, and Albania to the west. It constitutes approximately the northern third of the larger geographical Macedonia (region), region of Macedonia. Skopje, the capital and largest city, is home to a quarter of the country's 1.83 million people. The majority of the residents are ethnic Macedonians (ethnic group), Macedonians, a South Slavs, South Slavic people. Albanians in North Macedonia, Albanians form a significant minority at around 25%, followed by Turks in North Macedonia, Turks, Romani people in North Macedonia, Romani, Serbs in North Macedonia, Serbs, Bosniaks in North Mac ...
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Carbon Dioxide
Carbon dioxide (chemical formula ) is a chemical compound made up of molecules that each have one carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. It is found in the gas state at room temperature. In the air, carbon dioxide is transparent to visible light but absorbs infrared radiation, acting as a greenhouse gas. It is a trace gas in Earth's atmosphere at 421 parts per million (ppm), or about 0.04% by volume (as of May 2022), having risen from pre-industrial levels of 280 ppm. Burning fossil fuels is the primary cause of these increased CO2 concentrations and also the primary cause of climate change.IPCC (2022Summary for policy makersiClimate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA Carbon dioxide is soluble in water and is found in groundwater, lakes, ice caps, ...
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Sulfur Dioxide
Sulfur dioxide (IUPAC-recommended spelling) or sulphur dioxide (traditional Commonwealth English) is the chemical compound with the formula . It is a toxic gas responsible for the odor of burnt matches. It is released naturally by volcanic activity and is produced as a by-product of copper extraction and the burning of sulfur- bearing fossil fuels. Structure and bonding SO2 is a bent molecule with ''C''2v symmetry point group. A valence bond theory approach considering just ''s'' and ''p'' orbitals would describe the bonding in terms of resonance between two resonance structures. The sulfur–oxygen bond has a bond order of 1.5. There is support for this simple approach that does not invoke ''d'' orbital participation. In terms of electron-counting formalism, the sulfur atom has an oxidation state of +4 and a formal charge of +1. Occurrence Sulfur dioxide is found on Earth and exists in very small concentrations and in the atmosphere at about 1 ppm. On other planets, ...
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Fumarole
A fumarole (or fumerole) is a vent in the surface of the Earth or other rocky planet from which hot volcanic gases and vapors are emitted, without any accompanying liquids or solids. Fumaroles are characteristic of the late stages of volcanic activity, but fumarole activity can also precede a volcanic eruption and has been used for eruption prediction. Most fumaroles die down within a few days or weeks of the end of an eruption, but a few are persistent, lasting for decades or longer. An area containing fumaroles is known as a fumarole field. The predominant vapor emitted by fumaroles is steam, formed by the circulation of groundwater through heated rock. This is typically accompanied by volcanic gases given off by magma cooling deep below the surface. These volcanic gases include sulfur compounds, such as various sulfur oxides and hydrogen sulfide, and sometimes hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, and other gases. A fumarole that emits significant sulfur compounds is some ...
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Mofetta
Mofetta ( Italian from Latin ''mephītis'', a pestilential exhalation) is a name applied to a volcanic discharge consisting chiefly of carbon dioxide, often associated with other vapours, representing the final phase of volcanic activity. The Oxford Dictionary of English lists ''mofetta'' as an archaic term for the modern word fumarole. The word is used in the plural as ''mofette'', or, following the French fashion, ''mofettes''. The volcanic vents yielding the emanations are themselves called mofette. They are not uncommon in Auvergne and in the Eifel, notably on the shore of the Laacher See; whilst other examples are furnished by the Grotta del Cane, near Pozzuoli, the Valley of Death in Java, the Death Gulch in the Yellowstone Park and the series of mofette in Romania's Harghita and Covasna counties. Depending on the mineral content of the different vapours, mofette may be used for therapeutic purposes as well. As carbon dioxide is heavier than the air, patients c ...
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Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) // CITED: p. 36 (PDF p. 38/338) also known as the Turkish Empire, was an empire that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt (modern-day Bilecik Province) by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe and, with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed the Conqueror. Under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire marked the peak of its power and prosperity, as well a ...
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Lists Of Volcanoes
These lists cover volcanoes by type and by location. Type * List of extraterrestrial volcanoes * List of largest volcanic eruptions * List of shield volcanoes * List of stratovolcanoes * List of subglacial volcanoes * List of submarine volcanoes * List of volcanoes by elevation Location Africa * List of volcanoes in Algeria * List of volcanoes in Cameroon * List of volcanoes in Cape Verde *List of volcanoes in Chad * List of volcanoes in the Comoros *List of volcanoes in the Democratic Republic of the Congo * List of volcanoes in Djibouti *List of volcanoes in Equatorial Guinea * List of volcanoes in Eritrea *List of volcanoes in Ethiopia *List of volcanoes in Kenya * List of volcanoes in Libya *List of volcanoes in Madagascar *In Nigeria all the volcanoes are in the Biu Plateau *List of volcanoes in Réunion *List of volcanoes in Rwanda *São Tomé and Príncipe has only one volcano, Pico de São Tomé * List of volcanoes in South Africa *List of volcanoes in Sudan *List of ...
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Ohrid Municipality
The Municipality of Ohrid ( mk, Општина Охрид) is a municipality in the southwestern part of North Macedonia. ''Ohrid'' is also the name of the city where the municipal seat is found. Ohrid Municipality is in the Southwestern Statistical Region. Geography Ohrid Municipality borders * Debarca Municipality to the west and north, * Resen Municipality to the east, and * Demir Hisar Municipality to the northeast. Demographics *According to the national census of 2002, the municipality of Ohrid, before the attachment of Kosel Municipality, had 54,380 inhabitants; according to the census of 1994, it had 52,732. *The former Kosel Municipality had a population of 1,369 in 2002 and 1,759 in 1994. The present-day combined municipality has 51,428 residents. Inhabited places The municipality has 29 inhabited places, one town and 28 villages. Coat of arms The coat of arms of Ohrid (Macedonian language, Macedonian: Грб на Охрид) is the coat of arms of the Ohrid Munic ...
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