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Duke Of Septimania
{{One source, date=December 2021 The title Prince of Gothia (''princeps Gothiæ'') or Prince of the Goths (''princeps Gothorum'') was a title of nobility, sometimes assumed by its holder as a sign of supremacy in the region of Gothia and sometimes bestowed by the sovereign of West Francia to the principal nobleman in the south of the realm, in the ninth and tenth centuries. Sometimes hereditary and sometimes not, the title has been rendered in English as Duke (or Margrave) of Septimania (''dux Septimaniæ'') or Duke (or Margrave) of Gothia (''Gothiæ marchio''). A similar or the same "office" was often held with the title ''comes marcæ Hispanicæ'': "Count (or Margrave) of the Spanish March." The title was also a chronicler's device and, as presented in some chronicles, may never have been used in any official capacity. The first employer of the title "Duke of Septimania" was William of Gellone, who acted as Charlemagne's chief official and ''missus'' in the region. He was succeed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Septimania
Septimania (french: Septimanie ; oc, Septimània ) is a historical region in modern-day Southern France. It referred to the western part of the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis that passed to the control of the Visigoths in 462, when Septimania was ceded to their king, Theodoric II. The region was also variously known as Gallia, Arbuna or Narbonensis. The territory of Septimania roughly corresponds with the modern French former administrative region of Languedoc-Roussillon that merged into the new administrative region of Occitania (administrative region), Occitanie. Septimania was conquered by the Muslims in the 8th century, when it was known as Arbuna and was made part of Al-Andalus. It passed briefly to the Emirate of Córdoba, which had been expanding from the south during the eighth century, before its subsequent conquest by the Franks, who by the end of the ninth century termed it Gothia or the Gothic March (''Marca Gothica''). Septimania became a March (territorial ent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humfrid
Humfrid was the count of Barcelona, Girona, Empúries, Roussillon, and Narbonne from 858 to 864. He also bore the title margrave of Gothia (''Gothiæ marchio''), as he held several frontier counties.The source for his famous title is the ''Annales Bertiniani''. He was a Hunfriding by birth, with no connection to Gothia. He was probably Hunfrid III, the second son of Hunfrid II, ''dux super Redicam'' (duke over Rhaetia). He rebelled against Louis the German, the king of East Francia, and was forced to flee to Charles the Bald, the king of West Francia, to whom he was one of the few to remain loyal during the vicissitudes of the 850s. He was appointed count and margrave of several counties in the '' Marca Hispanica'' by Charles, possibly as early as 854 and no later than 858. In 858, Humfrid negotiated a treaty of peace with Abd al-Rahman, the Moorish governor of Zaragoza, and marched into Gaul to the assistance of Charles. He arrived at Beaune in February and he did homage to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raymond IV Of Toulouse
Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse ( 1041 – 28 February 1105), sometimes called Raymond of Saint-Gilles or Raymond I of Tripoli, was a powerful noble in southern France and one of the leaders of the First Crusade (1096–1099). He was the Count of Toulouse, Duke of Narbonne and Margrave of Provence from 1094, and he spent the last five years of his life establishing the County of Tripoli in the Near East.Bréhier, Louis (1911). " Raymond IV, of Saint-Gilles". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). ''Catholic Encyclopedia''. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Early years Raymond was a son of Pons of Toulouse and Almodis de La Marche. He received Saint-Gilles with the title of "count" from his father and displaced his niece Philippa, Duchess of Aquitaine, his brother William IV's daughter, in 1094 from inheriting Toulouse. In 1094, William Bertrand of Provence died and his margravial title to Provence passed to Raymond. A bull of Urban's dated 22 July 1096 names Raymond ''comes Nimirum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raymond III Of Rouergue
Raymond III, sometimes numbered Raymond II (died in or about 1008), was the count of Rouergue and Quercy from 961 to his death. Raymond achieved a suzerainty over several neighbouring counties and successfully titled himself margrave of Septimania (Latin ''marchio'', or even ''dux'', duke). He was the son and successor of Raymond II. According to the ''Liber miraculorum Sancte Fidis'' (Book of the Miracles of Saint Faith), Raymond died while on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. Prior to his departure, he gave the Abbey Church of Saint Foy twenty-one gilt silver vessels, an expensive gilt saddle and an estate on the Mediterranean coast with its saltworks. According to the ''Liber'', he acquired the saddle as booty in a war against the Saracens. This probably refers to his participation in a defensive campaign against the Córdoban general al-Mansur prior to 987. Jean Dunbabin, ''France in the Making, 843–1180'' (Oxford University Press, 1985), 142. By his death, Raymond was suzerain ove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raymond III, Count Of Toulouse
Raymond III is the designation assigned to distinct or possibly-distinct counts of Toulouse in the mid-to-late 10th century. Recent scholarship has overturned the traditional account of the counts during this period without consensus arising for a new reconstruction. Traditional reconstruction Until recently, Raymond III was the numerical designation assigned Raymond Pons, who seems to have succeeded his father as the count of Toulouse before 926, and who is last seen in 944, apparently being dead by 969. In that year his widow, Garsenda, appears, acting alone. It was thought that she then acted as guardian for Raymond's successor and (supposed) son, William III, who appears along with his wife Emma in the early 11th century. This reconstruction was not without problems. Not only was the chronology of this single generation long, but it is at odds with a surviving apparently-contemporary pedigree found in the Códice de Roda. The surviving manuscript of this collection of genealog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raymond II Of Rouergue
Raymond II, sometimes numbered Raymond I (c. 904 – 961) was the count of Rouergue and Quercy from 937 to his death. He was the son of Ermengol of Rouergue and Adelaide. Under Raymond, Rouergue achieved a suzerainty over neighbouring counties and he successfully titled himself Margrave (''marchio'') of Septimania. Raymond's lordship extended over Albi and Nîmes and, at least around 960, as far north as the Limousin. Raymond was the head of his family, which also ruled Toulouse. Even in his time, his family appeared to be declining. He willed a Gascon fief to Duke Sancho V and allowed it to become allodial after his death. Nonetheless, his power was such that he could command lands as far north as Auvergne and was the most powerful lord of Aquitaine, even holding a "vicar's court" in the Limousin. His will of 961 is preserved. In it, not only does he reference the aforementioned lands in Auvergne and Gascony, but he mentions seventeen castles and a ''rocheta''. Some castles were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Margrave Of Provence
The land of Provence has a history quite separate from that of any of the larger nations of Europe. Its independent existence has its origins in the frontier nature of the dukedom in Merovingian Gaul. In this position, influenced and affected by several different cultures on different sides, the Provençals maintained a unity which was reinforced when the region was made a separate kingdom during the Carolingian decline of the later ninth century. Provence was eventually joined to the other Burgundian kingdom, but it remained ruled by its own powerful, and largely independent, counts. In the eleventh century, Provence became disputed between the traditional line and the counts of Toulouse, who claimed the title of "Margrave of Provence". In the High Middle Ages, the title of Count of Provence belonged to local families of Frankish origin, to the House of Barcelona, to the House of Anjou and to a cadet branch of the House of Valois. After 1032, the county was part of the Holy R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William III Of Toulouse
William III Taillefer (also spelled ''Tallefer'' or ''Tallifer''; – September 1037) was the Count of Toulouse, Albi, and Quercy from 972 or 978 to his death. He was the first of the Toulousain branch of his family to bear the title '' marchio'', which he inherited (c. 975) from Raymond II of Rouergue. His parentage has been subject to reevaluation. He has traditionally been called son of Raymond III Pons and Garsinda. However, recent research has revealed that William was instead the son of Adelais of Anjou, known to have married a Raymond, "Prince of Gothia". This discovery has required a complete reevaluation of the succession to the County of Toulouse during this period, and no new scholarly consensus has emerged.Some historians have suggested a single additional generation (referred to as Raymond III, Count of Toulouse, his father Raymond Pons being stripped of an ordinal), while others follow the ''Códice de Roda'' in giving Raymond Pons a son Raymond who in turn had so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raymond Pons Of Toulouse
Raymond Pons (''Regimundus Pontio''; died after 944), who may be numbered Raymond III or Pons I,He has traditionally been called Raymond III, but with the discovery of at least one and perhaps two additional Raymonds, this numerical designation is used by some authors to refer to his newly discovered son was the count of Toulouse from 924. In 932, Raymond Pons travelled north with his uncle Count Ermengol of Rouergue and Duke Sancho IV Garcés of Gascony to do homage to King Rudolph. In 936, Raymond Pons founded the monastery of Chanteuges. Between 940 and 941, he controlled Auvergne. In 944, when Hugh the Great and King Louis IV entered Aquitaine, the former met Raymond at Nevers and confirmed his titles while the Toulousain returned with the king to the royal court. Raymond Pons married a daughter of Duke García II of Gascony, who was either the same person as his known wife Gersenda or a distinct earlier wife. His successor was another Raymond Raymond is a male given n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ermengol Of Rouergue
Ermengol (or Ermengaud) (870-937) was a son of Odo of Toulouse and Garsindis. His father gave him the County of Rouergue and Quercy in 906 and he governed it to his death. His brother was Raymond II of Toulouse and together they governed the vast patrimony of their house in the first half of the tenth century. In 930, he donated property to the abbey of Vabres in a charter dated to the seventh year of King Rudolph bearing only the title of ''comes'' (count). In January 932, he made a similar donation with the title of ''princeps'' (prince). He was probably regarded as '' princeps Gothiae'', a title which was to run in his family in the tenth century. He and his nephew Raymond Pons of Toulouse, together with Sancho IV of Gascony, went to the court of Rudolph that year to do homage for their lands. This did not have the desired effect, however, of satisfying royal desires for influence in the south and Rudolph accompanied Ebalus of Aquitaine against the Vikings a short while later, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rudolph Of France
Rudolph (french: Rodolphe), sometimes called Ralph (; c. 890 – 14/15 January 936), was the king of France from 923 until his death in 936. He was elected to succeed his father-in-law, Robert I, and spent much of his reign defending his realm from Viking raids. Name In contemporary Latin documents, his name is usually ''Rodulfus'', from the Germanic roots ''hruod'', "fame, glory", and ''wulf'', "wolf". Rodulf and Rudolf are variants of this name; the French form is ''Rodolphe''. By contrast, the king is normally known as ''Raoul'' in modern French, a name which derives from ''Radulfus'', from Germanic ''rad'', "counsel", and ''wulf'' (whence Ralph). Although this name is of different origin, it was sometimes used interchangeably by contemporaries with ''Rodulfus''. The king himself, however, always used ''Rodulfus'', as on his personal seal. Nonetheless, he is sometimes called Ralph (from ''Raoul'') or Radulf in English. Background Rudolph was born around 890, the son of Richa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles The Fat
Charles III (839 – 13 January 888), also known as Charles the Fat, was the emperor of the Carolingian Empire from 881 to 888. A member of the Carolingian dynasty, Charles was the youngest son of Louis the German and Hemma, and a great-grandson of Charlemagne. He was the last Carolingian emperor of legitimate birth and the last to rule a united kingdom of the Franks. Over his lifetime, Charles became ruler of the various kingdoms of Charlemagne's former empire. Granted lordship over Alamannia in 876, following the division of East Francia, he succeeded to the Italian throne upon the abdication of his older brother Carloman of Bavaria who had been incapacitated by a stroke. Crowned emperor in 881 by Pope John VIII, his succession to the territories of his brother Louis the Younger (Saxony and Bavaria) the following year reunited the kingdom of East Francia. Upon the death of his cousin Carloman II in 884, he inherited all of West Francia, thus reuniting the entire Carolingian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
