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Humfrid
Humfrid was the count of Barcelona, Girona, Empúries, Roussillon, and Narbonne from 858 to 864. He also bore the title margrave of Gothia (''Gothiæ marchio''), as he held several frontier counties.The source for his famous title is the ''Annales Bertiniani''. He was a Hunfriding by birth, with no connection to Gothia. He was probably Hunfrid III, the second son of Hunfrid II, ''dux super Redicam'' (duke over Rhaetia). He rebelled against Louis the German, the king of East Francia, and was forced to flee to Charles the Bald, the king of West Francia, to whom he was one of the few to remain loyal during the vicissitudes of the 850s. He was appointed count and margrave of several counties in the '' Marca Hispanica'' by Charles, possibly as early as 854 and no later than 858. In 858, Humfrid negotiated a treaty of peace with Abd al-Rahman, the Moorish governor of Zaragoza, and marched into Gaul to the assistance of Charles. He arrived at Beaune in February and he did homage to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Margrave Of Gothia
{{One source, date=December 2021 The title Prince of Gothia (''princeps Gothiæ'') or Prince of the Goths (''princeps Gothorum'') was a title of nobility, sometimes assumed by its holder as a sign of supremacy in the region of Septimania#Gothia_in_Carolingian_times, Gothia and sometimes bestowed by the sovereign of West Francia to the principal nobleman in the south of the realm, in the ninth and tenth centuries. Sometimes hereditary and sometimes not, the title has been rendered in English as Duke (or Margrave) of Septimania (''dux Septimaniæ'') or Duke (or Margrave) of Gothia (''Gothiæ marchio''). A similar or the same "office" was often held with the title ''comes marcæ Hispanicæ'': "Count (or Margrave) of the Spanish March." The title was also a chronicler's device and, as presented in some chronicles, may never have been used in any official capacity. The first employer of the title "Duke of Septimania" was William of Gellone, who acted as Charlemagne's chief official and ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Count Of Barcelona
The Count of Barcelona ( ca, Comte de Barcelona, es, Conde de Barcelona, french: Comte de Barcelone, ) was the ruler of the County of Barcelona and also, by extension and according with the Usages of Barcelona, usages and Catalan constitutions, of the Principality of Catalonia as Prince#Prince as generic for ruler, Princeps for much of History of Catalonia, Catalan history, from the 9th century until the 18th century. History The County of Barcelona was created by Charlemagne after he had conquered lands north of the river Ebro and Barcelona, after a Siege of Barcelona (801), siege in 801. These lands, called the ''Marca Hispanica'', were partitioned into various counties, of which the count of Barcelona, usually holding other counties simultaneously, eventually obtained the primacy over the region. As the county became hereditary in one family, the bond of the counts to their Frankish overlords loosened, especially after the Capetian dynasty supplanted the Carolingians. In the 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Count Of Roussillon
This is a list of the counts of Roussillon ( ca, Comtes de Rosselló, , ) who ruled over the eponymous County of Roussillon. Carolingian counts These counts were nominated by the Carolingian kings of France, of whom they were vassals. *Gaucelm (812–832) Hereafter, also counts of Barcelona. *Berenguer of Toulouse, Count of Barcelona, Berenguer of Toulouse (832–835) *Bernat of Septimania (835–844) *Sunifred, Count of Barcelona, Sunifred I, also known as Sunyer, (844–848) *Guillem, Count of Barcelona, Guillem (848–850) *Aleran, Count of Barcelona, Aleran (850–852) *Odalric, Count of Barcelona, Odalric (852–858) *Humfrid, Count of Barcelona, Humfrid (858–864) *Bernat of Gothia, Count of Barcelona, Bernat of Gothia (865–878) No longer counts of Barcelona. *Miro the Elder (878–895) Independent counts These counts were also counts of Ampurias, counts of Empúries. By this time the counts were practically independent. *Sunyer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viscount Of Narbonne
The viscount of Narbonne was the secular ruler of Narbonne in the Middle Ages. Narbonne had been the capital of the Visigoth province of Septimania, until the 8th century, after which it became the Carolingian Viscounty of Narbonne. Narbonne was nominally subject to the Carolingian counts of Toulouse but was usually governed autonomously. The city was a major port on the Mediterranean Sea. In the 12th century, Ermengarde of Narbonne (reigned 1134 to 1192) presided over one of the cultural centers where the spirit of courtly love was developed. In the 15th century Narbonne passed to the County of Foix and in 1507 to the Crown lands of France, royal domain of France. Other governors of Narbonne Muslim governors *Umar ibn Umar (747-?) *Abd ar-Rahman ibn Uqba (?-759) Visigothic counts *Gilbert (c. 750) *Milo (c. 752-753) *Unknown (753-759) Carolingian counts *Milo (restored, 759?-790? attested in 782) *Adhemar (c. 790-817) *Berà, Count of Barcelona, Berà (817-820, also count of B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Count Of Girona
The Counts of Girona ( ca, Comtes de Girona, es, Condes de Gerona) ruled over the County of Girona (currently in Catalonia), the earliest-established of the Catalan Counties which formed the ''Marca Hispanica''. The line was established by the Frankish noble Charles Rostan, Rostany, first Count of Girona (785-801) at the time of Sa'dun al Ruayni.Girona carolíngia: comtes, vescomtes i bisbes (del 785 a l'any 1000) Gabriel Roura - 1988 Comtes beneficiaris El primer comte de Girona fou un noble franc anomenat Rostany, prohom de la cort del rei Lluís I el Piadós, rei del recentment constituït regne d'Aquitània. Al comte Rostany li fou encomanada la consolidació del comtat i ... Subsequent counts *Odilon, Count of Barcelona, Odilon (801-812) *Bera, Count of Barcelona, Bera (812-820) *Rampó, Count of Barcelona, Rampo (820-826) *Bernat of Septimania, Bernard I (826-832), first reign *Berenguer of Toulouse, Count of Barcelona, Berengar (832-835) *Bernard I (836-844), second r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raymond I Of Toulouse
Raymond I (died 865) was the Count of Limoges (from 841), Rouergue and Quercy (from 849), and Toulouse and Albi (from 852). He was the younger son of Fulcoald of Rouergue and Senegund, niece of William of Gellone through his sister Alda. In 852, on the death of his brother Fredelo, Raymond, already count of Limoges, Quercy, and Rouergue, received Toulouse and Albi. In 862, he was attacked by Humfrid, Count of Barcelona, and forced to abdicate Limoges. In 863, he was likewise forced to abdicate Rouergue and Toulouse. He died in 865 while fighting for his possessions against the new count Sunifred I. Raymond married Bertha and had five children: * Bernard II, count of Toulouse,Janet L Nelson, ''Charles The Bald'', (Routledge, 2013), 202. Rouergue, Quercy, Albi, and Nîmes * Foucher de Limoges, viscount of Limoges *Odo, count of Toulouse, Rouergue, and Quercy and duke of Septimania *Aribert, abbot of Vabres *a daughter who married Lupo I of Bigorre Lupo may refer to: People *L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hunfriding
The Hunfridings or Burchardings (''Bouchardids'') were a family of probably Alemannic origin who rose to prominence in their homeland, eventually becoming the first ducal dynasty of Swabia. The first known member of the family was Hunfrid, Margrave of Istria and, according to some sources, last Duke of Friuli under Charlemagne from 799. The last member of the clan was Burchard III, Duke of Swabia, who died in 973. Descendants of the dynasty lived on in the female line through the House of Wettin. The most common and oft-recurring names in the family were Hunfrid, Adalbert, Odalric/Ulric, and Burchard. During the rise of the ''jüngeres Stammesherzogtum'', that is, the "younger" stem duchies, the Hunfridings, like the Conradines in Franconia, were merely the most powerful among many well-entrenched ancient families vying for supremacy in Swabia. It took longer for them to establish their hereditary dukedom than either the Liudolfings in Saxony or the Liutpoldings in Bavaria. When s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marca Hispanica
The Hispanic March or Spanish March ( es, Marca Hispánica, ca, Marca Hispànica, Aragonese and oc, Marca Hispanica, eu, Hispaniako Marka, french: Marche d'Espagne), was a military buffer zone beyond the former province of Septimania, established by Charlemagne in 795 as a defensive barrier between the Umayyad Moors of Al-Andalus and the Frankish Carolingian Empire (Duchy of Gascony, the Duchy of Aquitaine and Carolingian Septimania). In its broader meaning, ''Hispanic March'' sometimes refers to a group of early Iberian and trans-Pyrenean lordships or counts coming under Frankish rule. As time passed, these lordships merged or gained independence from Frankish imperial rule. Geographical context The area broadly corresponds to the eastern regions between the Pyrenees and the Ebro River. The local population of the March was diverse. It included Basques in its north-western valleys, Jews, and a large Occitano-Romance-speaking Hispano-Roman population ( Occitans and Catal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terrassa
Terrassa (, es, Tarrasa) is a city in the east central region of Catalonia, Spain, in the province of Barcelona, ''comarca'' of Vallès Occidental, of which it is the co-capital along with Sabadell. The name ''Terrassa'' derives from Latin ''Terracia'', either from earlier ''Terracium castellum'' (“earthen castle”), or meaning "terrace", "area of flat land". It is the site of Roman Egara, a former Visigothic bishopric, which became a Latin Catholic titular see. Since 2004, it is again the see of a bishopric. The city is located in the Catalan Prelitoral depression (Depressió Prelitoral), at the feet of the Prelitoral mountain range (Natural reserve of Sant Llorenç del Munt) and the average altitude of the city is 277 meters above sea level. It is 20 and 18 kilometres from Barcelona and Montserrat respectively. Terrassa is the third largest city in the province of Barcelona, after Barcelona and L’Hospitalet. History The remains that have been found indicate that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duke Of Burgundy
Duke of Burgundy (french: duc de Bourgogne) was a title used by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, from its establishment in 843 to its annexation by France in 1477, and later by Holy Roman Emperors and Kings of Spain from the House of Habsburg who claimed Burgundy proper and ruled the Burgundian inheritance in the Low Countries. The Duchy of Burgundy was a small portion of the traditional lands of the Burgundians west of the river Saône which, in 843, was allotted to Charles the Bald's West Franks, kingdom of West Franks. Under the Ancien Régime, the Duke of Burgundy was the premier lay Peerage of France, peer of the kingdom of France. Beginning with Robert II of France, the title was held by the House of Capet, Capetians, the French royal family. It was granted to Robert's younger son, Robert I, Duke of Burgundy, Robert, who founded the House of Burgundy. When the senior line of the House of Burgundy became extinct, it was inherited by John II of France through proximity of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moors
The term Moor, derived from the ancient Mauri, is an exonym first used by Christian Europeans to designate the Muslim inhabitants of the Maghreb, the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily and Malta during the Middle Ages. Moors are not a distinct or self-defined people. The 1911 ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' observed that the term had "no real ethnological value." Europeans of the Middle Ages and the early modern period variously applied the name to Arabs and North African Berbers, as well as Muslim Europeans. The term has also been used in Europe in a broader, somewhat derogatory sense to refer to Muslims in general,Menocal, María Rosa (2002). ''Ornament of the World: How Muslims, Jews and Christians Created a Culture of Tolerance in Medieval Spain''. Little, Brown, & Co. , p. 241 especially those of Arab or Berber descent, whether living in Spain or North Africa. During the colonial era, the Portuguese introduced the names " Ceylon Moors" and "Indian Moors" in South Asia and Sri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Of Aquitaine
The Duchy of Aquitaine ( oc, Ducat d'Aquitània, ; french: Duché d'Aquitaine, ) was a historical fiefdom in western, central, and southern areas of present-day France to the south of the river Loire, although its extent, as well as its name, fluctuated greatly over the centuries, at times comprising much of what is now southwestern France (Gascony) and central France. It originated in the 7th century as a duchy of Francia, ultimately a recreation of the Roman provinces of . As a duchy, it broke up after the conquest of the independent Aquitanian duchy of Waiofar, going on to become a sub-kingdom within the Carolingian Empire. It was then absorbed by West Francia after the 843 partition of Verdun and soon reappeared as a duchy under it. In 1153, an enlarged Aquitaine pledged loyalty to the Angevin kings of England. As a result, a rivalry emerged between the French monarchs and the Angevins over control of the latter's territorial possessions in France. By the mid-13th century, onl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
