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Djerman Prawirawinata
Djerman Prawirawinata (19 July 1916 — 14 December 1980) was a Sundanese politician who served as the last Minister of State of Pasundan and a member of the People's Representative Council. Early life Djerman was born on 19 July 1916 in Purwakarta, West Java, Dutch East Indies. He finished his education at the ''Hollandsch-Inlandsche School'' in Bandung in 1932 and the ''Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs'' section B in Bandung (equivalent to junior high school) in 1936 He began to work during the Dutch East Indies era as an entrepreneur. During the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, he worked as a civil servant at the Bandung city government. He also served in Japanese sponsored organizations, such as the Head of the Administrative Affairs of the Bandung ''Hōkōkai'' and as an advisor to the ''Seinendan'', a youth self-defense organization. Djerman was a member of the ''Jasana Obor Pasundan'' (Pasundan Torch Foundation), a scouting organization for the Sundanese. He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Priyayi
''Priyayi'' (former spelling: ''Prijaji'') was the Dutch East Indies, Dutch-era class of the nobles of the robe, as opposed to royal nobility or ''ningrat'' (Javanese language, Javanese), in Java, Indonesia, the List of islands by population, world's most populous island. ''Priyayi'' is a Javanese word originally denoting the descendants of the ''adipati'' or governors, the first of whom were appointed in the 17th century by the Sultan Agung of Mataram to administer the principalities he had conquered. Initially court officials in pre-colonial kingdoms, the ''priyayi'' moved into the colonial civil service and then on to administrators of the modern Indonesian republic. Pre-colonial period The Mataram Sultanate, an Islamic polity in south central Java that reached its peak in the 17th century, developed a Kraton (Indonesia), ''kraton'' ("court") culture from which the Sultan emerged as a charismatic figure that rules over a relatively independent aristocracy. Named ''para yay ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pasundan
The State of Pasundan (Indonesian language, Indonesian and su, Negara Pasundan) was a federated state, federal state ''(negara bagian)'' formed in the western part of the Indonesian island of Java by the Netherlands in 1948 following the Linggadjati Agreement. It was similar to the geographical area now encompassed by the current Provinces of Indonesia, provinces of West Java, Banten and Jakarta. A Pasundan Republic ( id, Republik Pasundan) was declared on 4 May 1947 but was dissolved later that year. On 26 February 1948, the State of West Java ''(Negara Jawa Barat)'' was established and, on 24 April 1948, the state was renamed Pasundan. Pasundan became a federated state, federal state of the United States of Indonesia in 1949 but was incorporated into the Republic of Indonesia (1949–1950), Republic of Indonesia (itself also a constituent of the USI) on 11 March 1950. In 2009, there was a proposal to rename the present West Java province ''Pasundan'' ("Province of the Sunda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Representative Council Of The United States Of Indonesia
The People's Representative Council of the United States of Indonesia ( id, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia Serikat, DPR-RIS) was one of the two national legislative assemblies in the United States of Indonesia (RUSI). The council was formed after the establishment of the Indonesian federal state. It consisted of 150 members. The council exercised legislative power with the government and the Senate of the Republic of Indonesia as long as the law material concerned one or all states or regions, or related to the relationship of the RUSI with that state or region. The drafting of laws concerning all powers outside of this was carried out by the President together with the DPR. History With the recognition of the sovereignty of Indonesia on 27 December 1949, the Republic of Indonesia was included in the United States of Indonesia, which comprised all the territory of the former Dutch East Indies with the exception of Netherlands New Guinea, sovereignty over which it wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of Pasundan
The Prime Minister of Pasundan ( id, Perdana Menteri Pasundan) was the head of government and the highest political office in the short-lived State of Pasundan (1948-1950). Appointed by the Wali Negara of Pasundan from among influential Members of Parliament, the Prime Minister was responsible to the Parliament, and his cabinet could be dismissed by a vote of no confidence. History After the formation of the State of Pasundan, an election to choose the head of state of Pasundan was held on 28 February 1948. The election was won by Raden Adipati Aria Muharam Wiranatakusumah, and he was installed on 24 April 1948. Wiranatakusumah appointed Adil Puradiredja, a former resident of Priangan Regency, as the prime minister. Adil later formed his cabinet and was installed on 28 February 1948. Several years later, after the Dutch launched a military attack against the Republic of Indonesia, Adil Puradiredja resigned as the prime minister. The resignation was in pursuance to the promise ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference
The Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference was held in The Hague from 23 August to 2 November 1949, between representatives of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Republic of Indonesia and the Federal Consultative Assembly, representing various states the Dutch had created in the Indonesian archipelago. Prior to this conference, three other high-level meetings between the Netherlands and Indonesia took place; the Linggadjati Agreement of 1947, Renville Agreement of 1948, and the Roem–Van Roijen Agreement of 1949. The conference ended with the cession of sovereignty to the United States of Indonesia. Background On 17 August 1945, Indonesian nationalist leader Sukarno declared Indonesian independence from Japan. The Dutch, who had been expelled in 1942 by the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, viewed the Indonesian leadership as Japanese collaborators, and wanted to regain control of their colony. The conflict between the Dutch and Indonesian nationalists de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jakarta
Jakarta (; , bew, Jakarte), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta ( id, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta) is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Lying on the northwest coast of Java, the world's most populous island, Jakarta is the largest city in Southeast Asia and serves as the diplomatic capital of ASEAN. The city is the economic, cultural, and political centre of Indonesia. It possesses a province-level status and has a population of 10,609,681 as of mid 2021.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2022. Although Jakarta extends over only , and thus has the smallest area of any Indonesian province, its metropolitan area covers , which includes the satellite cities Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, South Tangerang, and Bekasi, and has an estimated population of 35 million , making it the largest urban area in Indonesia and the second-largest in the world (after Tokyo). Jakarta ranks first among the Indonesian provinces in human development index. Jakarta's busin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Front (military)
In a military context, the term front can have several meanings. According to official US Department of Defense and NATO definitions, a front can be "the line of contact of two opposing forces."Leonard, B. (2011). Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms: As Amended Through April 2010. (n.p.): DIANE Publishing Company. p. 193 This front line can be a local or tactical front, or it can range to a theater. An example of the latter was the Western Front in France and Belgium in World War I. Relatedly, front can refer to the direction of the enemy or, in the absence of combat, the direction towards which a military unit is facing. Conversely, the term "home front" has been used to denote conditions in the civilian sector of a country at war, including those involved in the production of matériel. Front can also refer to the lateral space occupied by a military unit as measured from the extremity of one flank to the other. The amount of front occupi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bandung Sea Of Fire
The Bandung Sea of Fire ( id, Bandung Lautan Api) refers to the deliberate burning of much of the southern side of the city of Bandung by retreating Indonesian Republican troops during the Indonesian National Revolution. Following the Indonesian declaration of independence, tensions and fighting in the city of Bandung began to emerge between the newly formed Indonesian armed forces (People's Security Agency and its successors) and Indonesian nationalist youths on one side, with Japanese and British forces on the other. After initial success in Japanese attempts to gain control of the city in October, the arrival of British forces resulted in continued fighting, which initially resulted in a stalemate where Bandung was divided into the British-controlled north and Indonesian-controlled south. Following an ultimatum to militarily evacuate South Bandung in March 1946, Indonesian forces conducted a general evacuation of the area involving hundreds of thousands of civilians, burn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Priangan
Parahyangan ( su, ᮕᮛᮠᮡᮀᮠᮔ᮪; Bantenese: Priangan; Dutch: Preanger) is a cultural and mountainous region in West Java province on the Indonesian island of Java. Covering a little less than one sixth of Java, it is the heartland of Sundanese people and their culture. It is bordered to the West by Banten province, to the North by the northern coast region of Subang, Cirebon and Indramayu (former residencies of Batavia and Cheribon), to the east by Central Java province (former residencies of Banyumas and Pekalongan), and to the south by the Indian Ocean. Etymology The name "Parahyangan" has its origins from Sundanese words that mean "the abode of hyangs (gods)". Parahyangan is a mountainous region, and ancient Indonesians believed that the gods resided in the mountain tops. A Sundanese legend of Sangkuriang contains the memory of the prehistoric ancient lake in Bandung basin highland, which suggests that the Sundanese had already inhabited the region since the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proclamation Of Indonesian Independence
The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence ( id, Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia, or simply ''Proklamasi'') was read at 10:00 on Friday, 17 August 1945 in Jakarta. The declaration marked the start of the diplomatic and armed resistance of the Indonesian National Revolution, fighting against the forces of the Netherlands and pro-Dutch civilians, until the latter officially acknowledged Indonesia's independence in 1949. The document was signed by Sukarno (who signed his name "Soekarno" using the Van Ophuijsen orthography) and Mohammad Hatta, who were appointed president and vice-president respectively the following day. The date of the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was made a public holiday by a government decree issued on 18 June 1946. Background The beginnings of the independence movement In 1918, the Dutch authorities in the Dutch East Indies established a partly-elected People's Council, the ''Volksraad'', which for the first time gave Indonesian nationalists a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seinendan
was a youth organization formed on 9 March 1943 by the Imperial Japanese Army in the occupied Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia). The purpose of the ''Seinendan'' organization was ostensibly to educate and train young people so that they could defend their homeland from imperialism. Its real purpose, however, was to prepare the Indonesian youths to assist the Japanese military against the expected Allied invasion of the Indonesian archipelago. The organization was considered paramilitary in nature and under the leadership of the occupation authorities ( ja, 軍政官, Gunseikan). The requirements to become a member proved not too strict and soon there were 35,500 youth members aged 14 to 25 years old from all over Java. This number had grown to about 500,000 youths by the time Japan surrendered. See also * Collaboration with Imperial Japan * Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies * ''Keibōdan was an organization formed by the Empire of Japan in the occupied Dutc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hōkōkai
The ''Hōkōkai'' ( ja, 奉公会, Hōkōkai, Service Society, id, Himpunan Kebaktian Rakjat) were associations formed by the Empire of Japan on 8 January 1944 to replace the '' Pusat Tenaga Rakyat'' (''Putera''; "People's Power Center") during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia) in World War II. The original incarnation of the ''Hōkōkai'' was formed on Java by the commander of the Sixteenth Army, General Kumakichi Harada, after the Japanese realized that the ''Putera'' had exacerbated the desire for Indonesian independence rather than promote Japan's local interests in its war against the Allies. Unlike ''Putera'', the ''Hōkōkai'' avoided inclusion of Japanese officials in its membership. Instead, members were community leaders from across social classes, both native Indonesians and other ethnic groups such as the Chinese, Indians, and Arabs. On Java The ''Jawa Hōkōkai'' (ジャワ奉公会, "Javanese Service Society") was an official ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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