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Discourses (1609–1683)
Discourse is a use of written or spoken communication. Discourse or discourses may also refer to: *Domain of discourse, the collection of objects being discussed in a specific discourse *Discourse (linguistics), approaches to study written, vocal, or sign language use *Conversation, interactive, spontaneous communication between two or more people Literature * ''Discourses'' (Meher Baba), a book by Indian religious teacher Meher Baba *''Discourses'', a series of books by Greek historian of the Roman Empire Dio Chrysostom (c.40 – c.120) *''Fihi Ma Fihi'' or ''Discourses of Rumi'', a book by Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi *''Discourses (1609–1683),'' a 1701 book by Benjamin Whichcote, leader of the Cambridge Platonists *''Discourse on the Arts and Sciences'' or ''First Discourse'', an essay by philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau written in 1750 *''Discourse on Inequality'' or ''Second Discourse'', a work by philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau written in 1754 *''Discourse on Metaphysic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Discourse
Discourse is a generalization of the notion of a conversation to any form of communication. Discourse is a major topic in social theory, with work spanning fields such as sociology, anthropology, continental philosophy, and discourse analysis. Following work by Michel Foucault, these fields view discourse as a system of thought, knowledge, or communication that constructs our world experience. Since control of discourse amounts to control of how the world is perceived, social theory often studies discourse as a window into Power (social and political), power. Within theoretical linguistics, discourse is understood more narrowly as linguistic information exchange and was one of the major motivations for the framework of dynamic semantics. In these expressions, denotations are equated with their ability to update a discourse context. Social theory In the humanities and social sciences, discourse describes a formal way of thinking that can be expressed through language. Discourse i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Discourse On Metaphysics
The ''Discourse on Metaphysics'' (, 1686) is a short treatise by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in which he develops a philosophy concerning physical substance, motion and resistance of bodies, and God's role within the universe. It is one of the few texts presenting in a consistent form the earlier philosophy of Leibniz. The ''Discourse'' is closely connected to the epistolary discussion which he carried with Antoine Arnauld. However Leibniz refrained from sending the full text and it remained unpublished until the mid 19th century. Arnauld received only an abridged version in 37 points which resumed whole paragraphs and steered their discussion. Contents Source:All 37 translated section titles are taken from: § 1. On Divine Perfection, and That God Does Everything in the Most Desirable Way. § 2. Against Those Who Claim That There Is No Goodness in God's Works, or That the Rules of Goodness and Beauty Are Arbitrary. § 3. Against Those Who Believe That God Might Have Made Thing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Public Discourse
The Witherspoon Institute is a social conservative think tank in Princeton, New Jersey The Municipality of Princeton is a Borough (New Jersey), borough in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. It was established on January 1, 2013, through the consolidation of the Borough of Princeton, New Jersey, Borough of Princeton and Pri ... founded in 2003 by Princeton University professor Robert P. George, Luis Tellez, and others involved with the James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions. Named after John Witherspoon, one of the signers of the United States Declaration of Independence, the institute's fellows include Harold James (historian), Harold James, John Joseph Haldane, and James R. Stoner Jr. History The Witherspoon Institute opposes abortion and same-sex marriage and deals with embryonic stem cell research, and constitutional law. In 2003, it organized a conference on religion in modern societies. In 2006, Republican Party (United States), Republican Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Discourse (software)
Discourse is an open source Internet forum system released on August 26, 2014. It was founded by Jeff Atwood, Robin Ward, and Sam Saffron. The client side application is written in EmberJS. The server side is written in Ruby on Rails and backed by a PostgreSQL database and Redis cache. The source code is distributed under the GNU General Public License version 2. Features Categorization Similar discussions can be organized under categories. Admins can create categories, add category descriptions and logos, and control access to topics in the category. Discourse provides granular control over read/write permissions. Discourse also supports sub-categorization or nested categories. Subcategories are categories in themselves so they can be controlled in the same manner as parent categories. The only difference is the parent-child relationship. Tagging Tags are a lightweight alternative to categories, but they can also be used in conjunction. Topics Conversations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Discourses On Livy
The ''Discourses on Livy'' (, ) is a work of political history and philosophy written in the early 16th century () by the Italian writer and political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli, best known as the author of ''The Prince''. The ''Discourses'' were published posthumously with papal privilege in 1531. The title identifies the work's subject as the first ten books of Livy's '' History of Rome'', also known as ''Ab urbe condita'', which relate the expansion of Rome through the end of the Third Samnite War in 293 BC, although Machiavelli discusses what can be learned from many other eras including contemporary politics. Machiavelli saw history in general as a way to learn useful lessons from the past for the present, and also as a type of analysis which could be built upon, as long as each generation did not forget the works of the past. Machiavelli frequently describes Romans and other ancient peoples as superior models for his contemporaries, but he also describes political ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Four Discourses
Four discourses is a concept developed by French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan. He argued that there were four fundamental types of discourse. He defined four discourses, which he called Master, University, Hysteric and Analyst, and suggested that these relate dynamically to one another. Lacan's theory of the four discourses was initially developed in 1969, perhaps in response to the events of social unrest during May 1968 in France, but also through his discovery of what he believed were deficiencies in the orthodox reading of the Oedipus complex. The four discourses theory is presented in his seminar ''L'envers de la psychanalyse'' and in ''Radiophonie'', where he starts using "discourse" as a social bond founded in intersubjectivity. He uses the term discourse to stress the transindividual nature of language: speech always implies another subject. Necessity of formalising psychoanalysis Prior to the development of the four discourses, the primary guideline for clinical psy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Discourses Of Epictetus
The ''Discourses of Epictetus'' (, ''Epiktētou diatribai'') are a series of informal lectures by the Stoic philosopher Epictetus written down by his pupil Arrian around 108 AD. Four books out of an original eight are still extant. The philosophy of Epictetus is intensely practical. He directs his students to focus attention on their opinions, anxieties, passions, and desires, so that "they may never fail to get what they desire, nor fall into what they avoid." The ''Discourses'' have been influential since they were written. They are referred to and quoted by Marcus Aurelius. Since the 16th century, they have been translated into multiple languages and reprinted many times. Title and dating The books did not have a formal title in ancient times. Although Simplicius called them ''Diatribai'' (Διατριβαί, Discourses), other writers gave them titles such as ''Dialexis'' (Διαλέξεις, Talks), ''Apomnêmoneumata'' (Ἀπομνημονεύματα, Records), and '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Discourse On The Method
''Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting One's Reason and of Seeking Truth in the Sciences'' () is a philosophical and autobiographical treatise published by René Descartes in 1637. It is best known as the source of the famous quotation ''"Je pense, donc je suis"'' (" I think, therefore I am", or "I am thinking, therefore I exist"), which occurs in Part IV of the work. A similar argument, without this precise wording, is found in '' Meditations on First Philosophy'' (1641), and a Latin version of the same statement '' Cogito, ergo sum'' is found in '' Principles of Philosophy'' (1644). ''Discourse on the Method'' is one of the most influential works in the history of modern philosophy, and important to the development of natural sciences. In this work, Descartes tackles the problem of skepticism, which had previously been studied by other philosophers. While addressing some of his predecessors and contemporaries, Descartes modified their approach to account for a truth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Discourse On Inequality
''Discourse on the Origin and Basis of Inequality Among Men'' (), also commonly known as the "Second Discourse", is a 1755 treatise by philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, on the topic of social inequality and its origins. The work was written in 1754 as Rousseau's entry in a competition by the Academy of Dijon, and was published in 1755. Rousseau first exposes in this work his conception of a human state of nature (broadly believed to be a hypothetical thought exercise) and of human perfectibility, an early idea of progress. He then explains the way in which, in his view, people may have established civil society, and this leads him to conclude that private property is the original source and basis of all inequality. Context The text was written in 1754 in response to a prize competition of the Academy of Dijon answering the prompt: "What is the origin of inequality among people, and is it authorized by natural law?" As with his '' Discourse on the Arts and Sciences'', Rouss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Domain Of Discourse
In the formal sciences, the domain of discourse or universe of discourse (borrowing from the mathematical concept of ''universe'') is the set of entities over which certain variables of interest in some formal treatment may range. It is also defined as the collection of objects being discussed in a specific discourse. In model-theoretical semantics, a universe of discourse is the set of entities that a model is based on. The domain of discourse is usually identified in the preliminaries, so that there is no need in the further treatment to specify each time the range of the relevant variables. Many logicians distinguish, sometimes only tacitly, between the ''domain of a science'' and the ''universe of discourse of a formalization of the science''. Etymology The concept ''universe of discourse'' was used for the first time by George Boole (1854) on page 42 of his '' Laws of Thought'': The concept, probably discovered independently by Boole in 1847, played a crucial role i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Discourse On The Arts And Sciences
''A Discourse on the Moral Effects of the Arts and Sciences'' (1750), also known as ''Discourse on the Sciences and Arts'' (French: ''Discours sur les sciences et les arts'') and commonly referred to as ''The First Discourse'', is an essay by Genevan philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau which argued that the arts and sciences corrupt human morality. It was Rousseau's first successfully published philosophical work, and it was the first expression of his influential views about nature vs. society, to which he would dedicate the rest of his intellectual life. This work is considered one of his most important works. Topic of the essay Rousseau wrote ''Discourse'' in response to an advertisement that appeared in a 1750 issue of ''Mercure de France'', in which the Academy of Dijon set a prize for an essay responding to the question: "Has the restoration of the sciences and arts contributed to the purification of morals?" According to Rousseau in his '' Confessions'', "Within an instant of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benjamin Whichcote
Benjamin Whichcote (March 1609 – May 1683) was an English Establishment and Puritan divine, Provost of King's College, Cambridge and leader of the Cambridge Platonists. He held that man is the "child of reason" and so not completely depraved by nature, as Puritans held. He also argued for religious toleration. Life and career Whichcote was born at Whichcote Hall in Stoke upon Tern, Shropshire. He entered Emmanuel College, Cambridge in 1628, and became a fellow in 1633. In 1637, he was ordained a deacon and priest at the same time. In 1643, he married and took up priestly duties in a Cambridge-dispensed parish in North Cadbury, Somerset. In 1644, he became 19th Provost of King's College due to Parliamentary control of the universities. However, he was the only new head of house who did not subscribe to the National Covenant. In 1650, during the Interregnum, he was vice-chancellor of the University of Cambridge, and advised Oliver Cromwell on the subject of toleration of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
