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Dictyocaulus
''Dictyocaulus'' is a genus of nematode parasites of the bronchial tree of horses, sheep, goats, deer, and cattle. ''Dictyocaulus arnfieldi'' is the lungworm of horses, and ''Dictyocaulus viviparus'' is the lungworm affecting ruminants. ''Dictyocaulus viviparus'': lungworm of cattle, deer ''Dictyocaulus viviparus'' is the most common lungworm of cattle; the infection is also known as ''husk'' or '' parasitic bronchitis''. Although classified as the same parasite, some people believe that the ''D. viviparus'' of deer and elk should be reclassified as a different species, including ''D. eckertii'' in New Zealand. However, both species have been shown capable of cross-infecting cattle and cervids (at least in New Zealand) . The parasite has a simple but interesting life cycle, with dispersal facilitated by a fungus. Adult ''D. viviparus'' worms reside in the bronchial tree of the animal's lungs. They lay eggs into the airways (bronchi). These eggs are coughed up and subsequ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dictyocaulus Arnfieldi
''Dictyocaulus'' is a genus of nematode parasites of the bronchial tree of horses, sheep, goats, deer, and cattle. ''Dictyocaulus arnfieldi'' is the lungworm of horses, and ''Dictyocaulus viviparus'' is the lungworm affecting ruminants. ''Dictyocaulus viviparus'': lungworm of cattle, deer ''Dictyocaulus viviparus'' is the most common lungworm of cattle; the infection is also known as ''husk'' or '' parasitic bronchitis''. Although classified as the same parasite, some people believe that the ''D. viviparus'' of deer and elk should be reclassified as a different species, including ''D. eckertii'' in New Zealand. However, both species have been shown capable of cross-infecting cattle and cervids (at least in New Zealand) . The parasite has a simple but interesting life cycle, with dispersal facilitated by a fungus. Adult ''D. viviparus'' worms reside in the bronchial tree of the animal's lungs. They lay eggs into the airways (bronchi). These eggs are coughed up and subsequ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dictyocaulus Capreolus
''Dictyocaulus'' is a genus of nematode parasites of the bronchial tree of horses, sheep, goats, deer, and cattle. ''Dictyocaulus arnfieldi'' is the lungworm of horses, and ''Dictyocaulus viviparus'' is the lungworm affecting ruminants. ''Dictyocaulus viviparus'': lungworm of cattle, deer ''Dictyocaulus viviparus'' is the most common lungworm of cattle; the infection is also known as ''husk'' or '' parasitic bronchitis''. Although classified as the same parasite, some people believe that the ''D. viviparus'' of deer and elk should be reclassified as a different species, including ''D. eckertii'' in New Zealand. However, both species have been shown capable of cross-infecting cattle and cervids (at least in New Zealand) . The parasite has a simple but interesting life cycle, with dispersal facilitated by a fungus. Adult ''D. viviparus'' worms reside in the bronchial tree of the animal's lungs. They lay eggs into the airways (bronchi). These eggs are coughed up and subsequ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dictyocaulus Cervi
''Dictyocaulus'' is a genus of nematode parasites of the bronchial tree of horses, sheep, goats, deer, and cattle. ''Dictyocaulus arnfieldi'' is the lungworm of horses, and ''Dictyocaulus viviparus'' is the lungworm affecting ruminants. ''Dictyocaulus viviparus'': lungworm of cattle, deer ''Dictyocaulus viviparus'' is the most common lungworm of cattle; the infection is also known as ''husk'' or '' parasitic bronchitis''. Although classified as the same parasite, some people believe that the ''D. viviparus'' of deer and elk should be reclassified as a different species, including ''D. eckertii'' in New Zealand. However, both species have been shown capable of cross-infecting cattle and cervids (at least in New Zealand) . The parasite has a simple but interesting life cycle, with dispersal facilitated by a fungus. Adult ''D. viviparus'' worms reside in the bronchial tree of the animal's lungs. They lay eggs into the airways (bronchi). These eggs are coughed up and subsequ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dictyocaulus Eckerti
''Dictyocaulus'' is a genus of nematode parasites of the bronchial tree of horses, sheep, goats, deer, and cattle. ''Dictyocaulus arnfieldi'' is the lungworm of horses, and ''Dictyocaulus viviparus'' is the lungworm affecting ruminants. ''Dictyocaulus viviparus'': lungworm of cattle, deer ''Dictyocaulus viviparus'' is the most common lungworm of cattle; the infection is also known as ''husk'' or '' parasitic bronchitis''. Although classified as the same parasite, some people believe that the ''D. viviparus'' of deer and elk should be reclassified as a different species, including ''D. eckertii'' in New Zealand. However, both species have been shown capable of cross-infecting cattle and cervids (at least in New Zealand) . The parasite has a simple but interesting life cycle, with dispersal facilitated by a fungus. Adult ''D. viviparus'' worms reside in the bronchial tree of the animal's lungs. They lay eggs into the airways (bronchi). These eggs are coughed up and subsequ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dictyocaulus Filaria
''Dictyocaulus'' is a genus of nematode parasites of the bronchial tree of horses, sheep, goats, deer, and cattle. ''Dictyocaulus arnfieldi'' is the lungworm of horses, and ''Dictyocaulus viviparus'' is the lungworm affecting ruminants. ''Dictyocaulus viviparus'': lungworm of cattle, deer ''Dictyocaulus viviparus'' is the most common lungworm of cattle; the infection is also known as ''husk'' or '' parasitic bronchitis''. Although classified as the same parasite, some people believe that the ''D. viviparus'' of deer and elk should be reclassified as a different species, including ''D. eckertii'' in New Zealand. However, both species have been shown capable of cross-infecting cattle and cervids (at least in New Zealand) . The parasite has a simple but interesting life cycle, with dispersal facilitated by a fungus. Adult ''D. viviparus'' worms reside in the bronchial tree of the animal's lungs. They lay eggs into the airways (bronchi). These eggs are coughed up and subsequ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dictyocaulus Noerneri
''Dictyocaulus'' is a genus of nematode parasites of the bronchial tree of horses, sheep, goats, deer, and cattle. ''Dictyocaulus arnfieldi'' is the lungworm of horses, and ''Dictyocaulus viviparus'' is the lungworm affecting ruminants. ''Dictyocaulus viviparus'': lungworm of cattle, deer ''Dictyocaulus viviparus'' is the most common lungworm of cattle; the infection is also known as ''husk'' or '' parasitic bronchitis''. Although classified as the same parasite, some people believe that the ''D. viviparus'' of deer and elk should be reclassified as a different species, including ''D. eckertii'' in New Zealand. However, both species have been shown capable of cross-infecting cattle and cervids (at least in New Zealand) . The parasite has a simple but interesting life cycle, with dispersal facilitated by a fungus. Adult ''D. viviparus'' worms reside in the bronchial tree of the animal's lungs. They lay eggs into the airways (bronchi). These eggs are coughed up and subsequ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dictyocaulus Viviparus
''Dictyocaulus viviparus'' is a species of nematodes belonging to the family Dictyocaulidae. The species has cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats. Such a taxon, usually a species, is said to exhibit cosmopolitanism or cosmopolitism. The ext .... It is parasitic, and has the common name of the bovine lungworm due to its negative impact on cattle. References Strongylida Nematodes described in 1782 Parasitic nematodes of mammals {{Rhabditida-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasitic Bronchitis
Parasitic bronchitis, also known as hoose, husk, or verminous bronchitis, is a disease of sheep, cattle, goats, and swine caused by the presence of various species of parasite, commonly known as lungworms, in the bronchial tubes or in the lungs. It is marked by cough, dyspnea, anorexia and constipation. Lungworms which cause parasitic bronchitis include nematodes of the genera ''Dictyocaulus'', ''Metastrongylus'', and '' Protostrongylus''. Hoose is essentially an infantile disease, almost always afflicting animals under one year of age. It can be diagnosed through fecal examination or taking a sputum sample and treated by killing the nematode larvae and adults. In severe cases, additional antibiotics may be needed. The most effective prevention is via vaccination, especially important for cattle. Cause The cause for parasitic bronchitis is the nematode called ''Dictyocaulus viviparus''. In the infected animal's fecal matter the larvae later become infective. When animals eat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lungworm
Lungworms are parasitic nematode worms of the order Strongylida that infest the lungs of vertebrates. The name is used for a variety of different groups of nematodes, some of which also have other common names; what they have in common is that they migrate to their hosts' lungs or respiratory tracts, and cause bronchitis or pneumonia. The lungworm will gradually damage the airways or lung tissue by inciting an inflammatory reaction inside the tissue. Ultimately, the parasites survive and reproduce in the respiratory tissues. The category is thus more a descriptive than a precisely taxonomic one. The most common lungworms belong to one of two groups, the superfamily Trichostrongyloidea or the superfamily Metastrongyloidea, but not all the species in these superfamilies are lungworms. The lungworms in the superfamily Trichostrongyloidea include several species in the genus ''Dictyocaulus'' which infest hoofed animals, including most common domestic species. Different species a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pilobolus
''Pilobolus'' is a genus of fungi that commonly grows on herbivore dung. Life cycle The life cycle of ''Pilobolus'' begins with a black sporangium that has been discharged onto a plant substrate such as grass. A herbivorous animal such as a horse then eats the substrate, unknowingly consuming the sporangium as well. The ''Pilobolus'' sporangium survives the passage through the gastrointestinal tract without germinating, and emerges with the excrement. Once outside its host, spores within the sporangium germinate and grow as a mycelium within the excrement, where it is a primary colonizer. Later, the fungus fruits to produce more spores. left, ''Pilobolus'' sporangium The asexual fruiting structure (the sporangiophore) of ''Pilobolus'' species is unique. It consists of a transparent stalk which rises above the excrement to end in a balloon-like subsporangial vesicle. On top of this, a single, black sporangium develops. The sporangiophore has the remarkable ability of orienting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasite
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson has characterised parasites as "predators that eat prey in units of less than one". Parasites include single-celled protozoans such as the agents of malaria, sleeping sickness, and amoebic dysentery; animals such as hookworms, lice, mosquitoes, and vampire bats; fungi such as Armillaria mellea, honey fungus and the agents of ringworm; and plants such as mistletoe, dodder, and the Orobanchaceae, broomrapes. There are six major parasitic Behavioral ecology#Evolutionarily stable strategy, strategies of exploitation of animal hosts, namely parasitic castration, directly transmitted parasitism (by contact), wikt:trophic, trophicallytransmitted parasitism (by being eaten), Disease vector, vector-transmitted parasitism, parasitoidism, and micropreda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bronchi
A bronchus is a passage or airway in the lower respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs. The first or primary bronchi pronounced (BRAN-KAI) to branch from the trachea at the carina are the right main bronchus and the left main bronchus. These are the widest bronchi, and enter the right lung, and the left lung at each hilum. The main bronchi branch into narrower secondary bronchi or lobar bronchi, and these branch into narrower tertiary bronchi or segmental bronchi. Further divisions of the segmental bronchi are known as 4th order, 5th order, and 6th order segmental bronchi, or grouped together as subsegmental bronchi. The bronchi, when too narrow to be supported by cartilage, are known as bronchioles. No gas exchange takes place in the bronchi. Structure The trachea (windpipe) divides at the carina into two main or primary bronchi, the left bronchus and the right bronchus. The carina of the trachea is located at the level of the sternal angle and the fifth thoracic verte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
