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Decree 1775
Decree 1775 was signed into Brazilian law by President Fernando Henrique Cardoso on January 8, 1996. The decree changed the steps FUNAI was required to follow to demarcate indigenous lands, effectively making the process more complicated and allowing for more interference from commercial interests. Individuals or companies were allowed from the beginning of the demarcation process until 90 days after FUNAI issued their report to submit an appeal showing that the contested lands do not meet the qualifications of indigenous lands as stated in the constitution. The decree also placed the final decision in the hands of the Minister of Justice, which left the fate of indigenous lands vulnerable to various political ideologies. The government claimed that allowing people to contest indigenous lands during the demarcation process would prevent any future challenges of completed lands on the basis of unconstitutionality. The decree was widely contested as a violation of indigenous rights, ear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. Its capital is Brasília, and its most populous city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 States of Brazil, states and the Federal District (Brazil), Federal District. It is the largest country to have Portuguese language, Portuguese as an List of territorial entities where Portuguese is an official language, official language and the only one in the Americas; one of the most Multiculturalism, multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass Immigration to Brazil, immigration from around the world; and the most populous Catholic Church by country, Roman Catholic-majority country. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a Coastline of Brazi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fernando Henrique Cardoso
Fernando Henrique Cardoso (; born 18 June 1931), also known by his initials FHC (), is a Brazilian sociologist, professor and politician who served as the 34th president of Brazil from 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2002. He was the first Brazilian president to be reelected for a subsequent term. An accomplished scholar of dependency theory noted for his research on slavery and political theory, Cardoso has earned many honors including the Prince of Asturias Award for International Cooperation (2000) and the Kluge Prize from the US Library of Congress (2012). Cardoso was the 10th president of International Sociological Association (1982–1986). Personal and professional life Cardoso descends from wealthy Portuguese immigrants. Some were politicians during the Empire of Brazil. He is also of black African descent, through a black great-great-grandmother and a mulatto great-grandmother. Cardoso described himself as "slightly mulatto" and allegedly said he has "''a foot in the k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fundação Nacional Do Índio
Fundação Nacional do Índio (, ''National Indian Foundation'') or FUNAI is a Brazilian governmental protection agency for Amerindian interests and their culture. Original founding as Indian Protection Service In 1910, the Indian Protection Service (Serviço de Proteção ao Índio), or the SPI, was founded under the lead of Brazilian Marshal Candido Rondon. Rondon created the foundation's motto: "Die if necessary, but never kill." Drawing from his Positivism, Rondon led the SPI with the belief that the native Indians should be allowed to develop at their own pace. With state assistance and protection, Indians would eventually integrate into modern society. The SPI then began its mission to "pacify" Indian communities by setting up posts in their territories to foster communication and protection. Efforts were initially met by opposition and hostility from Indian groups; there were reports of SPI agents being attacked and shot by arrows. During the 1950s and 1960s, followi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Justice Ministry
A justice ministry, ministry of justice, or department of justice is a ministry or other government agency in charge of the administration of justice. The ministry or department is often headed by a minister of justice (minister for justice in a very few countries) or a secretary of justice. In some countries, the head of the department may be called the attorney general, for example in the United States. Monaco is an example of a country that does not have a ministry of justice, but rather a Directorate of Judicial Services (head: Secretary of Justice) that oversees the administration of justice. Vatican City, a country under the sovereignty of the Holy See, also does not possess a ministry of justice. Instead, the Governorate of Vatican City State (head: President of the Governorate of Vatican City State), the legislative body of the Vatican, includes a legal office. Depending on the country, specific duties may relate to organizing the justice system, overseeing the public pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nelson Jobim
Nelson Azevedo Jobim (born in Santa Maria, RS, 12 April 1946) is a Brazilian jurist, politician and businessman. He held the positions as congressman, Minister of Justice, Minister of Defense, Minister of the Supreme Federal Court (STF), where he was also president between 2004 and 2006. He is currently Chairman of the Board of Directors and responsible for Institutional Relations and Compliance Policies at BTG Pactual Bank. Biography Jobim was born in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, he is a distant relative of the musician Tom Jobim, having in common the same great-great-great-uncle, José Martins da Cruz Jobim. He is the son of the lawyer and former state deputy of Rio Grande do Sul Hélvio Jobim and Nami Azevedo Jobim. He has two brothers, Walter Jobim Neto and Hélvio Jobim Filho. His paternal grandfather, lawyer Walter Só Jobim, has been active in politics in Rio Grande do Sul since the 1920s and, in 1947, he was governor of the state. He was married to Edmea Kruel Jobim, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigenous Rights
Indigenous rights are those rights that exist in recognition of the specific condition of the Indigenous peoples. This includes not only the most basic human rights of physical survival and integrity, but also the rights over their land (including native title), language, religion, and other elements of cultural heritage that are a part of their existence and identity as a people. This can be used as an expression for advocacy of social organizations, or form a part of the national law in establishing the relation between a government and the right of self-determination among its Indigenous people, or in international law as a protection against violation of Indigenous rights by actions of governments or groups of private interests. Definition and historical background Indigenous rights belong to those who, being indigenous peoples, are defined by being the original people of a land that has been conquered and colonized by outsiders. Exactly who is a part of the indigenou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Legislation
Brazilian commonly refers to: * Something of, from or relating to Brazil * Brazilian Portuguese, the dialect of the Portuguese language used mostly in Brazil * Brazilians, the people (citizens) of Brazil, or of Brazilian descent Brazilian may also refer to: Sports * Brazilian football, see football in Brazil * Brazilian jiu-jitsu, a martial art and combat sport system *''The Brazilians'', a nickname for South African football association club Mamelodi Sundowns F.C. due to their soccer kits which resembles that of the Brazilian national team Other uses * Brazilian waxing, a style of Bikini waxing * Brazilian culture, describing the Culture of Brazil * "The Brazilian "The Brazilian" is an instrumental piece by the English band Genesis that concludes their 1986 album '' Invisible Touch''. The song features experimental sounds and effects. The band wrote two instrumental pieces for the album, this and "Do the N ...", a 1986 instrumental by Genesis * Brazilian barbecue, known ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1996 In Brazil
Events in the year 1996 in Brazil. Incumbents Federal government * President: Fernando Henrique Cardoso * Vice President: Marco Maciel Governors * Acre: Orleir Messias Cameli * Alagoas: Divaldo Suruagy * Amapa: João Capiberibe * Amazonas: Amazonino Mendes * Bahia: Paulo Souto * Ceará: Tasso Jereissati * Espírito Santo: Vitor Buaiz * Goiás: Maguito Vilela * Maranhão: Roseana Sarney * Mato Grosso: Dante de Oliveira * Mato Grosso do Sul: Wilson Barbosa Martins * Minas Gerais: Eduardo Brandão Azeredo * Pará: Almir Gabriel * Paraíba: José Maranhão * Paraná: Jaime Lerner * Pernambuco: Miguel Arraes * Piauí: Mão Santa * Rio de Janeiro: Marcello Alencar * Rio Grande do Norte: Garibaldi Alves Filho * Rio Grande do Sul: Antônio Britto * Rondônia: Valdir Raupp de Mattos * Roraima: Neudo Ribeiro Campos * Santa Catarina: Paulo Afonso Vieira * São Paulo: Mário Covas * Sergipe: Albano Franco * Tocantins: José Wilson Siqueira Campos Vice gove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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