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David Prangishvili
David Prangishvili (born 1948) is a virologist, Professor at the Pasteur Institute of Paris, and foremost authority on viruses infecting Archaea. Biography David Prangishvili gained a Master of Science degree in 1971 at Tbilisi State University, Georgia, and a PhD (1977) and Habilitation (1989) from Institute of Molecular Biology of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow. He pioneered research on Archaea, the third domain of life, in the USSR and in 1986-1991 was a head of the department of Molecular Biology of Archaea at the Georgian Academy of Sciences, Tbilisi. In 1991-2004 he has worked in Germany, at Max-Planck Institute for Biochemistry and at Regensburg University. Since 2004 he is working at the Pasteur Institute of Paris. David Prangishvili received a prize of Council of Ministers of the USSR for Excellence in Science and Technology in 1979. David Prangishvili has been elected Member of thAcademia Europaea(2018), Member of thEuropean Academy of Microbiology(2015), Foreig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Prangishvili
David Prangishvili (born 1948) is a virologist, Professor at the Pasteur Institute of Paris, and foremost authority on viruses infecting Archaea. Biography David Prangishvili gained a Master of Science degree in 1971 at Tbilisi State University, Georgia, and a PhD (1977) and Habilitation (1989) from Institute of Molecular Biology of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow. He pioneered research on Archaea, the third domain of life, in the USSR and in 1986-1991 was a head of the department of Molecular Biology of Archaea at the Georgian Academy of Sciences, Tbilisi. In 1991-2004 he has worked in Germany, at Max-Planck Institute for Biochemistry and at Regensburg University. Since 2004 he is working at the Pasteur Institute of Paris. David Prangishvili received a prize of Council of Ministers of the USSR for Excellence in Science and Technology in 1979. David Prangishvili has been elected Member of thAcademia Europaea(2018), Member of thEuropean Academy of Microbiology(2015), Foreig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Globuloviridae
''Globuloviridae'' is a family of hyperthermophilic archaeal viruses. Crenarchaea of the genera Pyrobaculum and Thermoproteus In alpha taxonomy, taxonomy, ''Thermoproteus'' is a genus (biology), genus of the Thermoproteaceae. These prokaryotes are thermophile, thermophilic sulphur-dependent organisms related to the genera ''Sulfolobus'', ''Pyrodictium'' and ''Desulfuroc ... serve as natural hosts. There are four species in this family, assigned to a single genus, ''Alphaglobulovirus''. Taxonomy The family contains one genus which contains four species: * ''Alphaglobulovirus'' ** '' Alphaglobulovirus PSV'' ** '' Alphaglobulovirus PSV1'' ** '' Alphaglobulovirus TSPV1'' ** '' Alphaglobulovirus TTSV1'' Structure Virions in the ''Globuloviridae'' are spherical and enveloped. The diameter is around 100 nm. Genomes are linear dsDNA and non-segmented, around 20–30kb in length. Life cycle Viral replication is cytoplasmic. DNA-templated transcription is the method of trans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Virologists From Georgia (country)
Virology is the scientific study of biological viruses. It is a subfield of microbiology that focuses on their detection, structure, classification and evolution, their methods of infection and exploitation of host cells for reproduction, their interaction with host organism physiology and immunity, the diseases they cause, the techniques to isolate and culture them, and their use in research and therapy. The identification of the causative agent of tobacco mosaic disease (TMV) as a novel pathogen by Martinus Beijerinck (1898) is now acknowledged as being the official beginning of the field of virology as a discipline distinct from bacteriology. He realized the source was neither a bacterial nor a fungal infection, but something completely different. Beijerinck used the word "virus" to describe the mysterious agent in his 'contagium vivum fluidum' ('contagious living fluid'). Rosalind Franklin proposed the full structure of the tobacco mosaic virus in 1955. Virology began when ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1948 Births
Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The Constitution of New Jersey (later subject to amendment) goes into effect. ** The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British Railways. * January 4 – Burma gains its independence from the United Kingdom, becoming an independent republic, named the ''Union of Burma'', with Sao Shwe Thaik as its first President, and U Nu its first Prime Minister. * January 5 ** Warner Brothers shows the first color newsreel (''Tournament of Roses Parade'' and the ''Rose Bowl Game''). ** The first Kinsey Reports, Kinsey Report, ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Male'', is published in the United States. * January 7 – Mantell UFO incident: Kentucky Air National Guard pilot Thomas Mantell crashes while in pursuit of an unidentified flying object. * January 12 – Mahatma Gandhi begins his fast-unto-death in Delhi, to stop communal violence during the Partition of India. * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lipothrixviridae
''Lipothrixviridae'' is a family of viruses in the order ''Ligamenvirales''. Thermophilic archaea in the phylum Thermoproteota serve as natural hosts. There are 11 species in this family, assigned to 4 genera. The genus Janekovic, D., Wunderl S, Holz I, Zillig W, Gierl A, Neumann H (1983) TTV1, TTV2 and TTV3, a family of viruses of the extremely thermophilic anaerobic, sulphur reducing, archaeabacterium Thermoproteus tenax. Mol. Gen. Genet. 19239–19245 Taxonomy The following genera and species are assigned to the family: * ''Alphalipothrixvirus'' ** '' Alphalipothrixvirus SBFV2'' ** '' Alphalipothrixvirus SFV1'' * '' Betalipothrixvirus'' ** '' Acidianus filamentous virus 3'' ** '' Acidianus filamentous virus 6'' ** '' Acidianus filamentous virus 7'' ** '' Acidianus filamentous virus 8'' ** '' Acidianus filamentous virus 9'' ** ''Sulfolobus islandicus filamentous virus'' * ''Deltalipothrixvirus'' ** ''Acidianus filamentous virus 2'' ** ''Deltalipothrixvirus SBFV3'' The family ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rudiviridae
''Rudiviridae'' is a family of viruses with linear double stranded DNA genomes that infect archaea. The viruses of this family are highly thermostable and can act as a template for site-selective and spatially controlled chemical modification. Furthermore, the two strands of the DNA are covalently linked at both ends of the genomes, which have long inverted terminal repeats. These inverted repeat An inverted repeat (or IR) is a single stranded sequence of nucleotides followed downstream by its reverse complement. The intervening sequence of nucleotides between the initial sequence and the reverse complement can be any length including zero. ...s are an adaptation to stabilize the genome in these extreme environments. Taxonomy The following genera are assigned to the family: * '' Azorudivirus'' * '' Hoswirudivirus'' * '' Icerudivirus'' * '' Itarudivirus'' * '' Japarudivirus'' * '' Mexirudivirus'' * '' Usarudivirus'' References {{Reflist Virus families ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ligamenvirales
''Ligamenvirales'' is an order of linear viruses that infect archaea of the phylum Thermoproteota (formerly Crenarchaeota) and have double-stranded DNA genomes. The order was proposed by David Prangishvili and Mart Krupovic in 2012 and subsequently created by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). The name is derived from the Latin {{lang, la, ligamen, meaning ''string'' or ''thread''.{{cn, date=November 2022 Taxonomy There are three families in this order – ''Lipothrixviridae'', ''Rudiviridae'' and '' Ungulaviridae''.{{cn, date=November 2022 The virons are filamentous with a helical nucleocapsid. At either end are attached either fibers or more complex structures involved in host adhesion.{{cn, date=November 2022 The major coat proteins of both lipothrixviruses and rudiviruses have an unusual four-helix bundle topology.Goulet A, Blangy S, Redder P, Prangishvili D, Felisberto-Rodrigues C, Forterre P, Campanacci V, Cambillau C (2009) Acidianus filamentous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spiraviridae
''Spiraviridae'' is a family of viruses that replicate in hyperthermophilic archaea of the genus ''Aeropyrum'', specifically ''Aeropyrum pernix''. The family contains one genus, ''Alphaspiravirus'', which contains one species, ''Aeropyrum coil-shaped virus''. The virions of Aeropyrum coil-shaped virus (ACV) are Viral envelope, non-enveloped and in the shape of hollow cylinders that are formed by a coiling fiber that consists of two intertwining halves of the circular DNA strand inside a capsid. An appendage protrudes from each end of the cylindrical virion. The viral genome is DNA virus#Group II:ssDNA viruses, positive-sense, single-stranded DNA ((+)ssDNA) and encodes for significantly more genes than other known ssDNA viruses. ACV is also unique in that it appears to lack its own enzymes to aid replication, instead likely using the host cell's replisomes. ACV has no known relation to any other archaea-infecting viruses, but it does share its coil-like morphology with some other ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guttaviridae
''Guttaviridae'' is a family of viruses. Archaea serve as natural hosts. There are two genera in this family, containing one species each. The name is derived from the Latin ''gutta'', meaning 'droplet'.Mochizuki T, Sako Y, Prangishvili D (2011) Provirus induction in hyperthermophilic Archaea: Characterization of Aeropyrum pernix spindle-shaped virus 1 and Aeropyrum pernix ovoid virus 1. J Bacteriol 193(19):5412–5419Arnold HP, Ziese U and Zillig W (2000). SNDV, a novel virus of the extremely thermophilic and acidophilic archaeon ''Sulfolobus''. Virology 272:409–16. Taxonomy The family contains the following genera and species: * ''Alphaguttavirus'' ** ''Sulfolobus newzealandicus droplet-shaped virus'' * ''Betaguttavirus'' ** ''Aeropyrum pernix ovoid virus 1'' Structure Viruses in the family ''Guttaviridae'' are enveloped. The diameter is around 70–95 nm, with a length of 110–185 nm. Genomes are circular, around 20kb in length. The virons consist of a coat, a co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clavaviridae
''Clavaviridae'' is a family of double-stranded viruses that infect archaea. This family was first described by the team led by D. Prangishvili in 2010. There is one genus in this family (''Clavavirus''). Within this genus, a single species has been described to date: ''Aeropyrum pernix bacilliform virus 1'' (APBV1). The name is derived from the Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ... word ''clava'' meaning stick. Virology The virons are bacilliform in shape and 143 nanometers (nm) in length and 15.8 nm in diameter. One end is pointed and the other is rounded. The structure of the APBV1 virion has been solved by cryo-electron microscopy to near-atomic resolution, revealing how the helical particle is built from an alpha-helical major capsid protein with a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pasteur Institute
The Pasteur Institute (french: Institut Pasteur) is a French non-profit private foundation dedicated to the study of biology, micro-organisms, diseases, and vaccines. It is named after Louis Pasteur, who invented pasteurization and vaccines for anthrax and rabies. The institute was founded on 4 June 1887, and inaugurated on 14 November 1888. For over a century, the Institut Pasteur has researched infectious diseases. This worldwide biomedical research organization based in Paris was the first to isolate HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, in 1983. Over the years, it has been responsible for discoveries that have enabled medical science to control diseases such as diphtheria, tetanus, tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, influenza, yellow fever, and plague. Since 1908, ten Institut Pasteur scientists have been awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine and physiology—the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was shared between two Pasteur scientists. History The Institut Pasteur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bicaudaviridae
''Bicaudaviridae'' is a family of hyperthermophilic archaeal viruses. Members of the genus ''Acidianus'' serve as natural hosts. There is only one genus (''Bicaudavirus'') and one species in this family: ''Acidianus two-tailed virus''. However, Sulfolobus tengchongensis spindle-shaped viruses 1 and 2 ( STSV1 and STSV2) are regarded to belong to this family also. Taxonomy The genus contains one genus, which contains one species: * ''Bicaudavirus'' ** ''Acidianus two-tailed virus'' Structure Viruses in ''Bicaudaviridae'' are non-enveloped, with lemon-shaped geometries. Genomes are circular dsDNA molecules of around 48–76 kb in length. High-resolution structure was determined by cryo-EM for Sulfolobus monocaudavirus 1 (SMV1) and a lower-resolution structure was determined for Acidianus two-tailed virus (ATV). Virions of both viruses have helical symmetry, with continuous 7-start helices, composed of the single major capsid protein, forming both the tails and the spindle-shaped b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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