Cycad Leaf Necrosis Virus

	Cycad Leaf Necrosis Virus ''Cycad leaf necrosis virus'' (CLNV) is a '' Badnavirus'' that infects ''Zamia fischeri ''Zamia fischeri'' is a species of cycad in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to Mexico. It is often confused with '' Zamia vazquezii''. ''Zamia fischeri'' is named after Gustav Fischer, a cycad enthusiast of the nineteenth century. Descript ...'' it causes chlorosis, necrosis, and ringspot. This virus is unique in many ways as it is the first ''Badnavirus'' known to infect cycads and only to infect gymnosperms and has the largest genome of the recognized Badnaviruses. This virus is fairly newly described as of 2020 and because of this only has a 'tenative name' that is Cycad leaf necrosis virus (CLNV). This virus has a viral genome of 9227bp. The morphology of this virus has bacilliform virions 30 nm in diameter and averaging 120 nm in length. References Caulimoviridae Viral plant pathogens and diseases {{virus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Badnavirus ''Badnavirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Caulimoviridae'' order ''Ortervirales''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 67 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: CSSV: leaf chlorosis, root necrosis, red vein banding in young leaves, small mottled pods, and stem/root swelling followed by die-back. Infection decreases yield by 25% within one year, 50% within two years and usually kills trees within 3–4 years. Taxonomy The following species are recognized: '' Aglaonema bacilliform virus'' '' Banana streak GF virus'' '' Banana streak IM virus'' '' Banana streak MY virus'' '' Banana streak OL virus'' '' Banana streak UA virus'' '' Banana streak UI virus'' '' Banana streak UL virus'' '' Banana streak UM virus'' '' Banana streak VN virus'' '' Birch leafroll-associated virus'' '' Blackberry virus F'' '' Bougainvillea chlorotic vein banding virus'' '' Cacao bacilliform Sri Lanka virus'' ''Cacao mild mosaic virus'' ''Cacao swo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Zamia Fischeri ''Zamia fischeri'' is a species of cycad in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to Mexico. It is often confused with '' Zamia vazquezii''. ''Zamia fischeri'' is named after Gustav Fischer, a cycad enthusiast of the nineteenth century. Description ''Zamia fischeri'' has a subglobose subterranean stem about 8 cm in diameter. ''Zamia fischeri'' has a large stem and cones compared to its leaf size. The cataphylls are ovate, 1 to 1.5 centimeters long, and 1.5 to 2 centimeters wide. The leaves are about 15 to 30 centimeters long; the petioles are 5 to 10 centimeters long, and the rachis has 5 to 9 pairs of leaflets. The leaflets are papyraceous, tapering toward the base, and are acute apically with margins having several serrations in the outermost half. The larger middle leaflets are 3 to 5 centimeters long and .5 to 1 centimeters wide. The tan pollen cones are usually ovoid-cylindrical in shape, obtuse towards the apex, 5 to 7 centimeters in length, and 1 to 2 centimeters ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Cycad Cycads are seed plants that typically have a stout and woody (ligneous) trunk (botany), trunk with a crown (botany), crown of large, hard, stiff, evergreen and (usually) pinnate leaves. The species are dioecious, that is, individual plants of a species are either male or female. Cycads vary in size from having trunks only a few centimeters to several meters tall. They typically grow very slowly and live very long. Because of their superficial resemblance, they are sometimes mistaken for Arecaceae, palms or ferns, but they are not closely related to either group. Cycads are gymnosperms (naked-seeded), meaning their fertilization, unfertilized seeds are open to the air to be directly fertilized by pollination, as contrasted with angiosperms, which have enclosed seeds with more complex fertilization arrangements. Cycads have very specialized pollinators, usually a specific species of beetle. Both male and female cycads bear cones (strobilus, strobili), somewhat similar to conife ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Gymnosperm The gymnosperms ( lit. revealed seeds) are a group of seed-producing plants that includes conifers, cycads, ''Ginkgo'', and gnetophytes, forming the clade Gymnospermae. The term ''gymnosperm'' comes from the composite word in el, γυμνόσπερμος ( el, γυμνός, translit=gymnos, lit=naked, label=none and el, σπέρμα, translit=sperma, lit=seed, label=none), literally meaning 'naked seeds'. The name is based on the unenclosed condition of their seeds (called ovules in their unfertilized state). The non-encased condition of their seeds contrasts with the seeds and ovules of flowering plants (angiosperms), which are enclosed within an ovary. Gymnosperm seeds develop either on the surface of scales or leaves, which are often modified to form cones, or solitary as in yew, ''Torreya'', ''Ginkgo''. Gymnosperm lifecycles involve alternation of generations. They have a dominant diploid sporophyte phase and a reduced haploid gametophyte phase which is dependent on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Caulimoviridae ''Caulimoviridae'' is a family of viruses infecting plants. There are 94 species in this family, assigned to 11 genera. Viruses belonging to the family ''Caulimoviridae'' are termed double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) reverse-transcribing viruses (or pararetroviruses) i.e. viruses that contain a reverse transcription stage in their replication cycle. This family contains all plant viruses with a dsDNA genome that have a reverse transcribing phase in their lifecycle. Taxonomy The following genera are recognized: '' Badnavirus'' '' Caulimovirus'' '' Cavemovirus'' '' Dioscovirus'' '' Petuvirus'' '' Rosadnavirus'' '' Ruflodivirus'' '' Solendovirus'' '' Soymovirus'' '' Tungrovirus'' '' Vaccinivirus'' Virus particle structure All viruses of this family are non-enveloped. Virus particles are either bacilliform or isometric. The type of nucleocapsid incorporated into the virus structure determines the size of the viral particles. Bacilliform particles are approximately 35–50 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]