''Badnavirus'' is a genus of

viruses A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1 ...

, in the family ''

Caulimoviridae ''Caulimoviridae'' is a family of viruses infecting plants. There are 94 species in this family, assigned to 11 genera. Viruses belonging to the family ''Caulimoviridae'' are termed double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) reverse-transcribing viruses (or pa ...

'' order ''

Ortervirales ''Ortervirales'' is an order that contains all accepted species of single-stranded RNA viruses that replicate through a DNA intermediate (Group VI) and all accepted species of double-stranded DNA viruses (except '' Hepadnaviridae'') that replic ...

''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 67 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: CSSV: leaf chlorosis, root necrosis, red vein banding in young leaves, small mottled pods, and stem/root swelling followed by die-back. Infection decreases yield by 25% within one year, 50% within two years and usually kills trees within 3–4 years.

Taxonomy

The following species are recognized: *'' Aglaonema bacilliform virus'' *'' Banana streak GF virus'' *'' Banana streak IM virus'' *'' Banana streak MY virus'' *'' Banana streak OL virus'' *'' Banana streak UA virus'' *'' Banana streak UI virus'' *'' Banana streak UL virus'' *'' Banana streak UM virus'' *'' Banana streak VN virus'' *'' Birch leafroll-associated virus'' *'' Blackberry virus F'' *'' Bougainvillea chlorotic vein banding virus'' *'' Cacao bacilliform Sri Lanka virus'' *''

Cacao mild mosaic virus Cacao is the seed from which cocoa and chocolate are made, from Spanish cacao, an adaptation of Nahuatl cacaua, the root form of cacahuatl ("bean of the cocoa-tree"). It may also refer to: Plants *''Theobroma cacao'', a tropical evergreen tree ** ...

'' *''

Cacao swollen shoot virus ''Cacao swollen shoot virus'' (CSSV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family ''Caulimoviridae'' that primarily infects cacao trees. It decreases cacao yield within the first year of infection, and usually kills the tree within a few years. Sy ...

'' *'' Cacao swollen shoot CD virus'' *'' Cacao swollen shoot CE virus'' *'' Cacao swollen shoot Ghana M virus'' *'' Cacao swollen shoot Ghana N virus'' *'' Cacao swollen shoot Ghana Q virus'' *'' Cacao swollen shoot Togo A virus'' *'' Cacao swollen shoot Togo B virus'' *'' Cacao yellow vein banding virus'' *'' Camellia lemon glow virus'' *'' Canna yellow mottle associated virus'' *'' Canna yellow mottle virus'' *''

Citrus yellow mosaic virus ''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and limes. The genus ''Citrus'' is native to ...

'' *'' Codonopsis vein clearing virus'' *'' Commelina yellow mottle virus'' *'' Cycad leaf necrosis virus'' *'' Dioscorea bacilliform AL virus'' *'' Dioscorea bacilliform AL virus 2'' *'' Dioscorea bacilliform RT virus 1'' *'' Dioscorea bacilliform RT virus 2'' *'' Dioscorea bacilliform RT virus 3'' *'' Dioscorea bacilliform SN virus'' *'' Dioscorea bacilliform TR virus'' *'' Dracaena mottle virus'' *'' Epiphyllum mottle-associated virus'' *'' Fig badnavirus 1'' *'' Gooseberry vein banding associated virus'' *'' Grapevine badnavirus 1'' *'' Grapevine Roditis leaf discoloration-associated virus'' *'' Grapevine vein clearing virus'' *'' Green Sichuan pepper vein clearing-associated virus'' *'' Ivy ringspot-associated virus'' *'' Jujube mosaic-associated virus'' *'' Kalanchoe top-spotting virus'' *'' Mulberry badnavirus 1'' *'' Pagoda yellow mosaic associated virus'' *'' Pineapple bacilliform CO virus'' *'' Pineapple bacilliform ER virus'' *'' Piper yellow mottle virus'' *'' Polyscias mosaic virus'' *'' Rubus yellow net virus'' *'' Schefflera ringspot virus'' *'' Spiraea yellow leafspot virus'' *'' Sugarcane bacilliform Guadeloupe A virus'' *'' Sugarcane bacilliform Guadeloupe D virus'' *'' Sugarcane bacilliform IM virus'' *'' Sugarcane bacilliform MO virus'' *'' Sweet potato pakakuy virus'' *'' Taro bacilliform CH virus'' *'' Taro bacilliform virus'' *'' Wisteria badnavirus 1'' *'' Yacon necrotic mottle virus''

Structure

Viruses in ''Badnavirus'' are non-enveloped, with bacilliform geometries. These viruses are about 30 nm wide and 90-900 nm long. Genomes are circular and non-segmented.

Life cycle

Viral replication is nuclear/cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the dsDNA(RT) replication model. DNA-templated transcription, specifically dsDNA-RT transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear pore export, and tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. The virus is transmitted via a vector (cssv: mealybugs). Transmission routes are vector, mechanical, and seed borne.

References

External links

Viralzone: Badnavirus

Genus: Badnavirus - Caulimoviridae - Reverse Transcribing DNA and RNA Viruses - International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)
{{Taxonbar, from=Q16911711 Caulimoviridae Virus genera