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Curium(IV) Oxide
Curium(IV) oxide is an inorganic chemical compound of curium and oxygen with the chemical formula . Since all isotopes of curium are man-made, the compound does not occur in nature. Synthesis *Curium(IV) oxide can be prepared directly from the elements. Metallic curium is annealed in air or in an oxygen atmosphere: :: * Curium(III) hydroxide and curium(III) oxalate are also usually used for this purpose: :: :: *Another way is the reaction of curium(III) oxide in an oxygen atmosphere at 650 °C: :: Physical properties Curium(IV) oxide forms black crystals. Insoluble in water. The compound crystals are of the cubic crystal system In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the Crystal_structure#Unit_cell, unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals. There ..., the fluorite structure in the space group ''Fm''3''m''. Chemical properties The compound reacts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Americium(IV) Oxide
Americium is a synthetic radioactive chemical element with the symbol Am and atomic number 95. It is a transuranic member of the actinide series, in the periodic table located under the lanthanide element europium, and thus by analogy was named after the Americas. Americium was first produced in 1944 by the group of Glenn T. Seaborg from Berkeley, California, at the Metallurgical Laboratory of the University of Chicago, as part of the Manhattan Project. Although it is the third element in the transuranic series, it was discovered fourth, after the heavier curium. The discovery was kept secret and only released to the public in November 1945. Most americium is produced by uranium or plutonium being bombarded with neutrons in nuclear reactors – one tonne of spent nuclear fuel contains about 100 grams of americium. It is widely used in commercial ionization chamber smoke detectors, as well as in neutron sources and industrial gauges. Several unusual applications, such as nucle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berkelium(IV) Oxide
Berkelium(IV) oxide, also known as berkelium dioxide, is a chemical compound with the formula BkO2. This compound slowly decays to californium(IV) oxide. It can be converted to berkelium(III) oxide by hydrogen reduction at 600 °C. :2BkO2 + H2 → Bk2O3 + H2O Production Berkelium(IV) oxide is produced by burning berkelium metal in air at 1200 °C. It can also be produced by reacting berkelium(III) oxide with oxygen at 600 °C. References {{Oxides Berkelium compounds Oxides Fluorite crystal structure ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inorganic
In chemistry, an inorganic compound is typically a chemical compound that lacks carbon–hydrogen bonds, that is, a compound that is not an organic compound. The study of inorganic compounds is a subfield of chemistry known as '' inorganic chemistry''. Inorganic compounds comprise most of the Earth's crust, although the compositions of the deep mantle remain active areas of investigation. Some simple carbon compounds are often considered inorganic. Examples include the allotropes of carbon (graphite, diamond, buckminsterfullerene, etc.), carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbides, and the following salts of inorganic anions: carbonates, cyanides, cyanates, and thiocyanates. Many of these are normal parts of mostly organic systems, including organisms; describing a chemical as inorganic does not necessarily mean that it does not occur within living things. History Friedrich Wöhler's conversion of ammonium cyanate into urea in 1828 is often cited as the starting point of modern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Curium
Curium is a transuranic, radioactive chemical element with the symbol Cm and atomic number 96. This actinide element was named after eminent scientists Marie and Pierre Curie, both known for their research on radioactivity. Curium was first intentionally made by the team of Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, and Albert Ghiorso in 1944, using the cyclotron at Berkeley. They bombarded the newly discovered element plutonium (the isotope 239Pu) with alpha particles. This was then sent to the Metallurgical Laboratory at University of Chicago where a tiny sample of curium was eventually separated and identified. The discovery was kept secret until after the end of World War II. The news was released to the public in November 1947. Most curium is produced by bombarding uranium or plutonium with neutrons in nuclear reactors – one tonne of spent nuclear fuel contains ~20 grams of curium. Curium is a hard, dense, silvery metal with a high melting and boiling point for an actinide. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxygen
Oxygen is the chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group in the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as well as with other compounds. Oxygen is Earth's most abundant element, and after hydrogen and helium, it is the third-most abundant element in the universe. At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas with the formula . Diatomic oxygen gas currently constitutes 20.95% of the Earth's atmosphere, though this has changed considerably over long periods of time. Oxygen makes up almost half of the Earth's crust in the form of oxides.Atkins, P.; Jones, L.; Laverman, L. (2016).''Chemical Principles'', 7th edition. Freeman. Many major classes of organic molecules in living organisms contain oxygen atoms, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and fats, as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of The American Chemical Society
The ''Journal of the American Chemical Society'' is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal that was established in 1879 by the American Chemical Society. The journal has absorbed two other publications in its history, the ''Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry'' (July 1893) and the ''American Chemical Journal'' (January 1914). It covers all fields of chemistry. Since 2021, the editor-in-chief is Erick M. Carreira (ETH Zurich). In 2014, the journal moved to a hybrid open access publishing model. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in Chemical Abstracts Service, Scopus, EBSCO databases, ProQuest databases, Index Medicus/MEDLINE/PubMed, and the Science Citation Index Expanded. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 16.383. Editors-in-chief The following people are or have been editor-in-chief: * 1879–1880 – Hermann Endemann * 1880–1881 – Gideon E. Moore * 1881–1882 – Hermann Endemann ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Curium(III) Hydroxide
Curium hydroxide m(OH)3is a radioactive compound first discovered in measurable quantities in 1947. It is composed of a single curium atom, and three hydroxide groups. It was the first curium compound ever isolated. Curium hydroxide is anhydrous colorless or light yellow amorphous gelatinous solid that is insoluble to water. Due to self-irradiation the crystal structure of 244Cm(OH)3 decomposes within one day, while for americium(III) hydroxide 241Am(OH)3 the same process takes 4-6 months. See also *Curium(III) oxide Curium(III) oxide is a Chemical compound, compound composed of curium and oxygen with the chemical formula . It is a crystalline solid with a unit cell that contains two curium atoms and three oxygen atoms. The simplest synthesis equation involves ... References Curium compounds Hydroxides Substances discovered in the 1940s {{Inorganic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Curium(III) Oxide
Curium(III) oxide is a Chemical compound, compound composed of curium and oxygen with the chemical formula . It is a crystalline solid with a unit cell that contains two curium atoms and three oxygen atoms. The simplest synthesis equation involves the reaction of curium(III) metal with O2−: 2 Cm3+ + 3 O2− ---> Cm2O3. Curium trioxide can exist as five Polymorphism (materials science), polymorphic forms.Milman, V., Winkler, B., and C.J. Pickard (2003). “Crystal Structures of Curium Compounds: An Ab Initio Study''.” Journal of Nuclear Materials'' (322): 165-179. Two of the forms exist at extremely high temperatures, making it difficult for experimental studies to be done on the formation of their structures. The three other possible forms which curium sesquioxide can take are the body-centered cubic form, the Monoclinic crystal system, monoclinic form, and the Hexagonal lattice, hexagonal form.Petit, L., Svane, A., Szotek, Z., Temmerman, W.M., and G. M. Stocks (2009). “Electr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inorganic And Nuclear Chemistry Letters
''Polyhedron'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the field of inorganic chemistry. It was established in 1955 as the ''Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry'' and is published by Elsevier. Abstracting and indexing ''Polyhedron'' is abstracted and indexed in: According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as i ... of 3.052. References External links * {{Official Website, http://www.journals.elsevier.com/polyhedron/ Inorganic chemistry journals Elsevier academic journals Publications established in 1955 English-language journals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Nuclear Materials
The ''Journal of Nuclear Materials'' is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal on materials research for accelerator physics, nuclear power generation and fuel cycle applications. It was established in 1959 and is published by Elsevier. The current editor-in-chief is Gary S. Was (University of Michigan). Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: * Chemical Abstracts Service * Index Medicus/MEDLINE/PubMed * Science Citation Index * Current Contents/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences * Current Contents/Engineering, Computing & Technology * Scopus According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as ... of 2.936. References External links * Elsevier academic journals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cubic Crystal System
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the Crystal_structure#Unit_cell, unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals. There are three main varieties of these crystals: *Primitive cubic (abbreviated ''cP'' and alternatively called simple cubic) *Body-centered cubic (abbreviated ''cI'' or bcc) *Face-centered cubic (abbreviated ''cF'' or fcc, and alternatively called Close-packing_of_equal_spheres, ''cubic close-packed'' or ccp) Each is subdivided into other variants listed below. Although the ''unit cells'' in these crystals are conventionally taken to be cubes, the primitive_cell, primitive unit cells often are not. Bravais lattices The three Bravais lattices in the cubic crystal system are: The primitive cubic lattice (cP) consists of one Lattice_(group), lattice point on each corner of the cube; this means each simple cubic unit cell has in total one latt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Curium Compounds
Curium compounds are compounds containing the element curium (Cm). Curium usually forms compounds in the +3 oxidation state, although compounds with curium in the +4, +5 and +6 oxidation states are also known. Oxides Curium readily reacts with oxygen forming mostly Cm2O3 and CmO2 oxides,Delta T2Cm2O3 + O2. Or, Cm2O3 can be obtained by reducing CmO2 with molecular hydrogen: : 2CmO2 + H2 -> Cm2O3 + H2O Also, a number of ternary oxides of the type M(II)CmO3 are known, where M stands for a divalent metal, such as barium. Thermal oxidation of trace quantities of curium hydride (CmH2–3) has been reported to give a volatile form of CmO2 and the volatile trioxide CmO3, one of two known examples of the very rare +6 state for curium. Another observed species was reported to behave similar to a supposed plutonium tetroxide and was tentatively characterized as CmO4, with curium in the extremely rare +8 state; but new experiments seem to indicate that CmO4 does not exist, and have cast do ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
