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Council Of Twelve Men
The Council of Twelve Men was a group of 12 men, chosen on 29 August 1641 by the residents of New Netherland to advise the Director of New Netherland, Willem Kieft, on relations with the Native Americans due to the murder of Claes Swits. Although the council was not permanent, it was the first representational form of democracy in the Dutch colony. The next two councils created were known as the Eight Men and the Nine Men. Background The Dutch West India Company had incurred significant expenses building and manning fortifications. Kieft sought to offset some of the cost by demanding contribution from the Indians, whom he saw as deriving protection from rival tribes. They declined, pointing out that the Dutch had not been invited in the first place, and with the Indian settlements so scattered, by the time word reached the fort any help dispatched would be too late. In the spring of 1640, some Raritan Indians attacked a Company trading boat near Staten Island and stole a canoe. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Netherland
New Netherland ( nl, Nieuw Nederland; la, Novum Belgium or ) was a 17th-century colonial province of the Dutch Republic that was located on the East Coast of the United States, east coast of what is now the United States. The claimed territories extended from the Delmarva Peninsula to southwestern Cape Cod, while the more limited settled areas are now part of the U.S. states of New York (state), New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Massachusetts and Connecticut, with small outposts in Pennsylvania and Rhode Island. The colony was conceived by the Dutch West India Company (WIC) in 1621 to capitalize on the North American fur trade. The colonization was slowed at first because of policy mismanagement by the WIC, and conflicts with Native Americans in the United States, Native Americans. The settlement of New Sweden by the Swedish South Company encroached on its southern flank, while its eastern border was redrawn to accommodate an expanding New England Confederation. The colony exp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maryn Adriansen
Maryn Adriansen (1600 – c.1654) (also spelled Maryn Adriaensen, Marinus Adriaensz, Marijn Adriaensz, Marin Adriaensz, Marinus Ariaens) was an early settler to New Netherland. Originally emigrating under an Indenture agreement he later became a prominent member of society. His conflict with the governor at the time led to accusations and, eventually, acquittal. He owned property in New Amsterdam and a large plantation at Awiehaken. Background Maryn Adrieansen was born in Holland in 1600, and he came from Veere, in the Province of Zeeland. He was a boatswain from 1621 to 1627 under Captain Claes Gerritssen Compaen.. He married Lysbet Thyssen around 1628 and may have been in New Amsterdam as early as 1630 where an unnamed son was born. He died sometime before March 1654, and his widow, Lysbet Thysen, remarried Geerlief Michelsen. Rensselaerwyck Adriansen contracted with Kiliaen van Rensselaer to serve as a tobacco planter for the period of three years on January 12, 1631. He sail ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People Of New Netherland
A person ( : people) is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of property, or legal responsibility. The defining features of personhood and, consequently, what makes a person count as a person, differ widely among cultures and contexts. In addition to the question of personhood, of what makes a being count as a person to begin with, there are further questions about personal identity and self: both about what makes any particular person that particular person instead of another, and about what makes a person at one time the same person as they were or will be at another time despite any intervening changes. The plural form "people" is often used to refer to an entire nation or ethnic group (as in "a people"), and this was the original meaning of the word; it subsequently acquired its use as a plural form of per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voorleser
Voorleser was the title given to a highly responsible citizen in New Netherland and later Dutch colonies, who had semi-official duties in local law, education and religion. Origin and use The word ''voorleser'' as used in English texts is a variant of the Dutch word ''voorlezer'', which means "one who reads (to others)". However, both spellings are used interchangeably when referring to the collective official title used by colonial Dutch Americans. It has several different translations or interpretations, such as "lay reader",Lurie, Maxine N. and Mappen, Marc (2004)"Bertholf, Guiliam."''Encyclopedia of New Jersey.'' Rutgers University Press. Retrieved 2010-08-01. "public reader","Original 1685 Bell." Friends of the Old Dutch Church & Burying Ground. Retrieved 2010-08-01. "fore-reader", [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burgomaster
Burgomaster (alternatively spelled burgermeister, literally "master of the town, master of the borough, master of the fortress, master of the citizens") is the English form of various terms in or derived from Germanic languages for the chief magistrate or executive of a city or town. The name in English was derived from the Dutch ''burgemeester''. In some cases, Burgomaster was the title of the head of state and head of government of a sovereign (or partially or de facto sovereign) city-state, sometimes combined with other titles, such as Hamburg's First Mayor and President of the Senate). Contemporary titles are commonly translated into English as ''mayor''. Historical use * The title "burgermeister" was first used in the early 13th century. *In history (sometimes until the beginning of the 19th century) in many free imperial cities (such as Bremen, Hamburg, Lübeck etc.) the function of burgomaster was usually held simultaneously by three persons, serving as an executive co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schepen
A schepen (Dutch; . ') or échevin (French) or Schöffe (German) is a municipal officer in Belgium and formerly the Netherlands. It has been replaced by the ' in the Netherlands (a municipal executive). In modern Belgium, the ''schepen'' or ''échevin'' is part of the municipal government. Depending on the context, it may be roughly translated as an alderman, councillor, or magistrate. Name The Dutch word ''schepen'' comes from the Old Saxon word ''scepino'' 'judge' and is related to German ''Schöffe'' 'lay magistrate'. In early Medieval Latin used in France, it was ''scabinus''. Originally, the word referred to member of a council of "deciders" – literally, "judgment finders" (''oordeelvinders'') – that sat at a mandatory public assembly called a ''ding'' ("thing" in English). Their judgments originally required ratification by a majority of the people present. Later, mandatory attendance (''dingplicht'') and ratification were no longer required. Belgium In Flanders, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kieft's War
Kieft's War (1643–1645), also known as the Wappinger War, was a conflict between the colonial province of New Netherland and the Wappinger and Lenape Indians in what is now New York and New Jersey. It is named for Director-General of New Netherland Willem Kieft, who had ordered an attack without approval of his advisory council and against the wishes of the colonists.Walter Giersbach, ''Governor Kieft's Personal War'' (published online, 26 Aug 2006) Dutch colonists attacked Lenape camps and massacred the inhabitants, which encouraged unification among the regional Algonquian tribes against the Dutch and precipitated waves of attacks on both sides. This ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lower East Side
The Lower East Side, sometimes abbreviated as LES, is a historic neighborhood in the southeastern part of Manhattan in New York City. It is located roughly between the Bowery and the East River from Canal to Houston streets. Traditionally an immigrant, working-class neighborhood, it began rapid gentrification in the mid-2000s, prompting the National Trust for Historic Preservation to place the neighborhood on their list of America's Most Endangered Places in 2008. The Lower East Side is part of Manhattan Community District 3, and its primary ZIP Code is 10002. It is patrolled by the 7th Precinct of the New York City Police Department. Boundaries The Lower East Side is roughly bounded by East 14th Street on the north, by the East River to the east, by Fulton and Franklin Streets to the south, and by Pearl Street and Broadway to the west. This more extensive definition of the neighborhood includes Chinatown, the East Village, and Little Italy. A less extensive definit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pavonia, New Netherland
Pavonia was the first European settlement on the west bank of the North River (Hudson River) that was part of the seventeenth-century province of New Netherland in what would become the present Hudson County, New Jersey. Hudson and the Hackensack The first European to record exploration of the area was Robert Juet, first mate of Henry Hudson, an English sea captain commissioned by the Dutch East India Company. Their ship, the ''Halve Maen'' (''Half Moon''), ventured in the Kill van Kull and Newark Bay and anchored at Weehawken Cove during 1609, while exploring the Upper New York Bay and the Hudson Valley. By 1617 a ''factorij'', or trading post, was established at Communipaw. Others may have been established at Arresick or Hobokan Hackingh. Initially, these posts were set up for fur trade with the indigenous population. At that time the area was inhabited by bands of Algonquian language speaking peoples, known collectively as Lenni Lenape and later called the Delawares. Ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tappan Tribe
The Tappan were a Lenape people who inhabited the region radiating from Hudson Palisades and New York – New Jersey Highlands in at the time of European colonialization in the 17th century. Etymology The exonym ''Tappan'' is likely a derivation of a word or phrase from the Algonquian language Lenape as used by settlers to New Netherland, who spelled it as Tappaen. It is not certain what the Tappan called themselves, but there are a variety of interpretations for the word. One suggestion is that it possibly comes from ''tuphanne'' meaning ''cold water''. Vriessendael, one of the first " bouweries", or homesteads, built in the territory was sometimes called Tappan. The Tappan are recalled throughout their former territory: Lake Tappan is a reservoir on the Hackensack River; the Tappan Zee, widening of the Hudson River and the bridge crossing it; Old Tappan in Bergen County; Tappan in Rockland County. History The Tappan migrated seasonally and engaged in companion planting, hunt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abraham Isaacsen Verplanck
Abraham Isaacsen Verplanck (1606–1690), also known as Abraham Isaacse Ver Planck, was an early and prominent settler in New Netherlands. A land developer and speculator, he was the progenitor of an extensive Verplanck family in the United States. Immigrating circa 1633, he received a land grant at Paulus Hook (in today's Jersey City) in 1638. He was one of the driving forces behind the bloody Kieft's War against the Native American population, set off by their retaliation to the Dutch's 1643 Pavonia massacre. His losses were so great at Pavonia he was forced to mortgage his Paulus Hook plantations. A property owner on a smaller scale on Manhattan for the remainder of his life, he died with outstanding debt, settled by his family in 1699 by sale of one of his holdings. Family Verplanck was the son of Isaac Ver Planck, born in Edam in Dutch Republic (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden) in 1606. He married Maria de la Vigne in 1632. His children were Abigael Van Lea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joris Jansen Rapelje
Joris Jansen Rapelje (28 April 1604 – 21 February 1662/63) was a member of the Council of Twelve Men in the Dutch West India Company colony of New Netherland. He and his wife Catalina (Catalyntje) Trico (1605–1689) were among the earliest settlers in New Netherland. Biography Joris Rapelje and Catalina Trico were married 21 January 1624, at the Walloon Church of Amsterdam. Rapelje, an illiterate 19-year-old textile worker whose origin was noted in the registry as 'Valencenne' (Valenciennes, Spanish Netherlands), and his 18-year-bride, had no family present to witness the ceremony. Four days later, on 25 January, the couple departed from Amsterdam, bound for North America. They were traveling aboard the first ships to bring immigrants and workers to New Netherland. The Rapalje family were first employed at Fort Orange, in what would eventually become Albany, New York. Fort Orange was being erected by the Dutch West India Company as a trading post on the west bank of the Huds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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