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Colubroides
The Colubroides are a clade in the suborder Serpentes ( snakes). It contains over 85% of all the extant species of snakes. The largest family is Colubridae, but it also includes at least six other families, at least four of which were once classified as "Colubridae" before molecular phylogenetics helped in understanding their relationships. It has been found to be monophyletic. Morphological synapomorphies are defined as such from Zaher et al. (2009): Loss of the right carotid artery; intercostal arteries arising from the dorsal aorta throughout the trunk at intervals of several body segments; specialized expanded costal cartilages; presence of a muscle protractor laryngeus; separate muscle protractor quadrati; separate spinalis and semispinalis portion in the epaxial trunk; spinules or spines covering the hemipenial body. Traditionally, the name "Colubroidea Colubroidea is a superfamily of snakes in the clade Colubroides that includes Colubridae, with some studies spl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colubriformes
The Colubroides are a clade in the suborder Serpentes ( snakes). It contains over 85% of all the extant species of snakes. The largest family is Colubridae, but it also includes at least six other families, at least four of which were once classified as "Colubridae" before molecular phylogenetics helped in understanding their relationships. It has been found to be monophyletic. Morphological synapomorphies are defined as such from Zaher et al. (2009): Loss of the right carotid artery; intercostal arteries arising from the dorsal aorta throughout the trunk at intervals of several body segments; specialized expanded costal cartilages; presence of a muscle protractor laryngeus; separate muscle protractor quadrati; separate spinalis and semispinalis portion in the epaxial trunk; spinules or spines covering the hemipenial body. Traditionally, the name "Colubroidea Colubroidea is a superfamily of snakes in the clade Colubroides that includes Colubridae, with some studies spl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colubroidea
Colubroidea is a superfamily of snakes in the clade Colubroides that includes Colubridae, with some studies splitting Colubridae into multiple families that make up Colubroidea. Historically, Colubroidea also included other caenophidian snakes such as cobras and vipers, as these snakes form a clade. However these groups are now divided into several distinct, but related, families. Zaher et al. (2009) proposed to redefine Colubroidea for colubrids and related families, while designating Colubroides as the group containing vipers and cobras as well as colubroids. The ReptileDatabase considers Colubroidea to be composed of Colubridae and the members of its sister group, Elapoidea, and does not recognize the division of Colubridae into multiple families. Classification Phylogeny Families and Subfamilies Usual taxonomy: * Family: Colubridae Oppel, 1811 ** Subfamily: Grayiinae Günther, 1858 ** Subfamily: Calamariinae Bonaparte, 1838 ** Subfamily: Ahaetullinae Figueroa, McKelvy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elapoidea
The Elapoidea are a Superfamily (biology), superfamily of snakes in the clade Colubroides, traditionally comprising the families Lamprophiidae and Elapidae. Advanced genomic sequence studies, however, have found lamprophiids to be paraphyletic in respect to elapids. In describing the subfamily Cyclocorinae, Weinell et al. (2017) suggested some or all subfamilies of Lamprophiidae should be reevaluated at full family status as a way to prevent the alternative, which is classifying them as elapids. This was followed in later studies such as Zaher et al. (2019). The Reptile Database considers Elapoidea to be synonymous with its sister group Colubroidea (in contrast to other studies that distinguish between both), as it does not recognize the division of Colubridae into multiple families that comprise Colubroidea, and thus instead considers Colubroidea to be composed of Colubridae + the multiple families comprising Elapoidea. Below is the phylogeny of Elapoidea after Weinell et al. ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Racer
The eastern racer (''Coluber constrictor'') is a species of nonvenomous snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to North America and Central America. Eleven subspecies, including the nominotypical subspecies, are recognized, which as a group are commonly referred to as the eastern racers. The species is monotypic in the genus ''Coluber''. Geographic range ''C. constrictor'' is found throughout the United States, east of the Rocky Mountains, but it also ranges north into Canada and south into Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize. Description Adult eastern racers can typically vary from in total length (including tail) depending on the subspecies, but a record-sized specimen measured in total length. Conant, Roger (1975). ''A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition''. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. xviii + 429 pp. + Plates 1-48. (paperback). (''Coluber consrictor constrictor'', pp. 178-179 + Plate 26 + Map 139). A typical ad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pit Viper
The Crotalinae, commonly known as pit vipers,Mehrtens JM (1987). ''Living Snakes of the World in Color''. New York: Sterling Publishers. 480 pp. . crotaline snakes (from grc, κρόταλον ''krotalon'' castanet), or pit adders, are a subfamily of vipers found in Eurasia and the Americas. Like all other vipers, they are venomous. They are distinguished by the presence of a heat-sensing pit organ located between the eye and the nostril on both sides of the head. Currently, 23 genera and 155 species are recognized: These are also the only viperids found in the Americas. The groups of snakes represented here include rattlesnakes, lanceheads, and Asian pit vipers. The type genus for this subfamily is ''Crotalus'', of which the type species is the timber rattlesnake, ''C. horridus''. These snakes range in size from the diminutive hump-nosed viper, ''Hypnale hypnale'', that grows to a typical total length (including tail) of only , to the bushmaster, ''Lachesis muta'', a specie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viperinae
The Viperinae, or viperines, are a subfamily of vipers endemic to Europe, Asia and Africa. They are distinguished by their lack of the heat-sensing pit organs that characterize their sister group, the subfamily Crotalinae. Currently, 13 genera are recognized. Most are tropical and subtropical, although one species, ''Vipera berus'', even occurs within the Arctic Circle. Like all vipers, they are venomous. The common names "pitless vipers", "true vipers", "Old World vipers",Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar. 359 pp. . and "true adders"U.S. Navy. 1991. ''Poisonous Snakes of the World''. US Govt. New York: Dover Publications Inc. 203 pp. . all refer to this group. Description Members of this subfamily range in size from ''Bitis schneideri'', which grows to a maximum total length (body and tail) of , to the Gaboon viper, which reaches a maximum total length of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azemiops
Azemiopinae is a monogeneric subfamily created for the genus ''Azemiops'' that contains the viper species ''A. feae'' and ''A. kharini''. They are commonly known as Fea's vipers.Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G (2003). ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. . No subspecies are recognized. The first specimen was collected by Italian explorer Leonardo Fea, and was described as a new genus and new species by Boulenger in 1888. Formerly considered to be one of the most primitive vipers,Mehrtens JM (1987). ''Living Snakes of the World in Color''. New York: Sterling Publishers. 480 pp. . molecular studies have shown that it is the sister taxon to the pit vipers, Crotalinae. It is found in the mountains of Southeast Asia,U.S. Navy (1991). ''Poisonous Snakes of the World''. New York: U.S. Government / Dover Publications Inc. 203 pp. . in China, southeastern Tibet, and Vietnam. Like all other vipers, they are venomous. Descriptio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buhoma
''Buhoma'' is a genus of snakes in the superfamily Elapoidea. The genus is endemic to Africa. www.reptile-database.org. It was formerly classified in the family Lamprophiidae, but following the split of that family, the taxonomic placement of ''Buhoma'' remains uncertain. Species Three species are recognized as being valid. *'' Buhoma depressiceps'' – pale-headed forest snake *'' Buhoma procterae'' – Uluguru forest snake *'' Buhoma vauerocegae'' (''Geodipsas vauerocegae'', new species, p. 703). (in German). – Usambara forest snake ''Nota bene'': A binomial authority In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, bot ... in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than ''Buhoma''. References Alethinophidia Snake genera Snakes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prosymna (snake)
''Prosymna'' is a genus of elapoid snake.. It is the only genus in the family Prosymnidae. They were formerly placed as a subfamily of the Lamprophiidae, but have been more recently identified as a distinct family. Geographic range The genus ''Prosymna'' is endemic to Sub-Saharan Africa. Species *'' Prosymna ambigua'' *'' Prosymna angolensis'' *'' Prosymna bivittata'' *'' Prosymna confusa'' - plain shovel-snout snake *'' Prosymna frontalis'' *'' Prosymna greigerti'' *'' Prosymna janii'' *'' Prosymna lineata'' *'' Prosymna lisima'' - Kalahari shovel-snout snake *'' Prosymna meleagris'' *'' Prosymna ornatissima'' *'' Prosymna pitmani'' *'' Prosymna ruspolii'' *'' Prosymna semifasciata'' *'' Prosymna somalica'' *'' Prosymna stuhlmanni'' *''Prosymna sundevalli'' *'' Prosymna visseri'' ''Nota bene'': A binomial authority In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
