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Codex Regius (New Testament)
Codex Regius designated by siglum Le or 019 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 56 ( von Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated paleographically to the 8th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It has marginalia. Description The codex is made of 257 thick parchment leaves (), containing an almost complete text of the four Gospels, with the following lacunae: Matt 4:22-5:14, 28:17-20, Mark 10:16-30, 15:2-20, John 21:15-25. The text is written in two columns per page, 25 lines per page, in large, not round uncial letters. It has breathings ('' spiritus asper'', ''spiritus lenis''), and accents often added wrongly. It is carelessly written by an ignorant scribe. The letter φ is enormously large, the letter α presents the last stage of the uncial script. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given in the margin, and their (''titles'') at the top of the pages. It also contains the tables of (''table of conten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gospel
Gospel originally meant the Christian message (" the gospel"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was set out. In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words and deeds of Jesus, culminating in his trial and death and concluding with various reports of his post-resurrection appearances. Modern scholars are cautious of relying on the gospels uncritically, but nevertheless, they provide a good idea of the public career of Jesus, and critical study can attempt to distinguish the original ideas of Jesus from those of the later authors. The four canonical gospels were probably written between AD 66 and 110. All four were anonymous (with the modern names added in the 2nd century), almost certainly none were by eyewitnesses, and all are the end-products of long oral and written transmission. Mark was the first to be written, using a variety of sources. The authors of Matthew and Luke both independent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Bell & Sons
George Bell & Sons was a book publishing house located in London, United Kingdom, from 1839 to 1986. History George Bell & Sons was founded by George Bell as an educational bookseller, with the intention of selling the output of London university presses; but became best known as an independent publisher of classics and children's books. One of Bell's first investments in publishing was a series of ''Railway Companions''; that is, booklets of timetables and tourist guides. Within a year Bell's publishing business had outstripped his retail business, and he elected to move from his original offices into Fleet Street. There G. Bell & Sons branched into the publication of books on art, architecture, and archaeology, in addition to the classics for which the company was already known. Bell's reputation was only improved by his association with Henry Cole. In the mid-1850s, Bell expanded again, printing the children's books of Margaret Gatty (''Parables from Nature'') and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lectionary 1602
Lectionary 1602, designated by ℓ ''1602'' in the Biblical manuscript#Gregory-Aland, Gregory-Aland numbering, is a Coptic language, Coptic–Greek language, Greek bilingual manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves, dated Paleography, paleographically to the 8th century.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, ''Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments'', (Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1994).Handschriftenliste at the Münster Institute Description The text is written in Greek Uncial letters, on 88 parchment leaves (36.2 by 28.4 cm), in 2 columns per page, and 28 lines per page. The codex contains Lessons from the four Gospels lectionary (''Evangelistarium''). It has two Mark 16#Hypothesis About the Ending, endings to th ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 579
Minuscule 579 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), ε 376 (in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament Gospels, written on parchment. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been dated to the 13th century. It was formerly labelled as 80e (in the manuscript list of biblical scholar Frederick H.A. Scrivener). The manuscript has some missing portions of text. Description The manuscript is a codex (forerunner to the modern book), containing the near-complete text of the four Gospels, with some gaps (Mark 3:28-4:8, and John 20:15-21:25 are no longer in the manuscript, due to missing pages) on 152 parchment leaves (full page size is 23.3 cm by 16.2 cm). The text is written in one column per page, 28-39 lines per page. Words are written continuously without any separation, but includes accents (used to indicate voiced pitch changes) and breathings ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minuscule 274
Minuscule 274 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 1024 ( Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 10th century. It has marginalia. Description The codex contains the text of the four Gospels on 232 parchment leaves () with some lacunae. The texts of Mark 1:1-17; 6:21-54; John 1:1-20; 3:18-4:1; 7:23-42; 9:10-27; 18:12-29 were supplied by a later hand on a paper. The text is written in one column per page, in 26 lines per page. The text is divided according to the (''chapters'') whose numbers are given at the margin, and their (''titles of chapters'') at the top of the pages. There is also another division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections (in Mark 239 sections, the last in 16:17), but without references to the Eusebian Canons. It contains lectionary markings at the margin, incipits, music notes, Synaxarion, Menologion, and pictures. Text The Greek text of the codex is a repre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uncial 099
Uncial 099 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 47 ( Soden); is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, assigned paleographically to the 7th-century. Description The codex contains a small part of the Gospel of Mark 16:6-8; shorter ending; 16:9-18, on one thick parchment leaf (32 by 26 cm). The text is written in two columns per page, 32 lines per page, in large uncial letters. It has two endings to the Gospel of Mark (as in codices Ψ 0112 274mg 579 Lectionary 1602). The Greek text of this codex is mixed. Kurt Aland placed it in Category III. In Mark 16:14 it reads εγηγερμενον along with C3 D K L W Θ Π Ψ 099 700 1010 2174 Byz Lect.UBS3, p. 197. Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 7th-century. The codex is located now at the Bibliothèque nationale de France (Copt. 129,8), in Paris. See also * List of New Testament uncials * Textual criticism Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and of lit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codex Athous Lavrensis
The Codex Athous Laurae, designated by Ψ or 044 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), or δ 6 (in the von Soden numbering of New Testament Manuscripts), is a manuscript of the New Testament written in Greek uncial letters on parchment. The manuscript has many gaps in the text, as well as containing handwritten notes (known as marginalia). Using the study of comparative writing styles ( palaeographically), the codex is dated to the 8th or 9th century. The codex is currently kept in the Great Lavra monastery (B' 52) on the Athos peninsula. Description The manuscript is a codex (precursor to the modern book), containing 261 parchment leaves, which measure , with the text-block being . The text is written in small uncial letters, in one column of 31 lines per page. These letters have breathings (utilised to designate vowel emphasis) and accents (used to indicate voiced pitch changes). The codex contains a table of contents ("" / ''kephalaia'') befo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mark 16
Mark 16 is the final chapter of the Gospel of Mark in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It begins after the sabbath, with Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James, and Salome bringing spices to the tomb to anoint Jesus' body. There they encounter the stone rolled away, the tomb open, and a young man dressed in white who announces the resurrection of Jesus ( 16:1-6). The two oldest manuscripts of Mark 16 (from the 300s) conclude with verse 8, which ends with the women fleeing from the empty tomb, and saying "nothing to anyone, because they were too frightened". Textual critics have identified two distinct alternative endings: the "Longer Ending" (verses 9–20) and the unversed "Shorter Ending" or "lost ending", which appear together in six Greek manuscripts, and in dozens of Ethiopic copies. Modern versions of the New Testament generally include the Longer Ending, but place it in brackets or otherwise format it to show that it is not considered part of the original te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eusebian Canons
Eusebian canons, Eusebian sections or Eusebian apparatus, also known as Ammonian sections, are the system of dividing the four Gospels used between late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The divisions into chapters and verses used in modern texts date only from the 13th and 16th centuries, respectively. The sections are indicated in the margin of nearly all Greek and Latin manuscripts of the Bible, and usually summarized in canon tables at the start of the Gospels. There are about 1165 sections: 355 for Matthew, 235 for Mark, 343 for Luke, and 232 for John; the numbers, however, vary slightly in different manuscripts. The canon tables were made to create a sense of divinity within the reader’s soul, to understand and reflect upon the various colors and patterns to achieve a higher connection with God. Authorship Until the 19th century it was mostly believed that these divisions were devised by Ammonius of Alexandria, at the beginning of the 3rd century ( 220), in connection ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alpha
Alpha (uppercase , lowercase ; grc, ἄλφα, ''álpha'', or ell, άλφα, álfa) is the first letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of one. Alpha is derived from the Phoenician letter aleph , which is the West Semitic word for " ox". Letters that arose from alpha include the Latin letter A and the Cyrillic letter А. Uses Greek In Ancient Greek, alpha was pronounced and could be either phonemically long ( ː or short ( . Where there is ambiguity, long and short alpha are sometimes written with a macron and breve today: Ᾱᾱ, Ᾰᾰ. * ὥρα = ὥρᾱ ''hōrā'' "a time" * γλῶσσα = γλῶσσᾰ ''glôssa'' "tongue" In Modern Greek, vowel length has been lost, and all instances of alpha simply represent the open front unrounded vowel . In the polytonic orthography of Greek, alpha, like other vowel letters, can occur with several diacritic marks: any of three accent symbols (), and either of two breathing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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