Codex Regius designated by

siglum Scribal abbreviations or sigla ( singular: siglum) are abbreviations used by ancient and medieval scribes writing in various languages, including Latin, Greek, Old English and Old Norse. In modern manuscript editing (substantive and mechani ...

L^e or 019 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 56 ( von Soden), is a Greek

uncial Uncial is a majuscule Glaister, Geoffrey Ashall. (1996) ''Encyclopedia of the Book''. 2nd edn. New Castle, DE, and London: Oak Knoll Press & The British Library The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom and is one ...

manuscript A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand – or, once practical typewriters became available, typewritten – as opposed to mechanically printing, printed or repr ...

of the

New Testament The New Testament grc, Ἡ Καινὴ Διαθήκη, transl. ; la, Novum Testamentum. (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Christ ...

, dated paleographically to the 8th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It has marginalia.

Description

The codex is made of 257 thick parchment leaves (), containing an almost complete text of the four

Gospel Gospel originally meant the Christian message ("the gospel"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was set out. In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words an ...

s, with the following lacunae: Matt 4:22-5:14, 28:17-20,

Mark Mark may refer to: Currency * Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark, the currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina * East German mark, the currency of the German Democratic Republic * Estonian mark, the currency of Estonia between 1918 and 1927 * F ...

10:16-30, 15:2-20,

John John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Secon ...

21:15-25. The text is written in two columns per page, 25 lines per page, in large, not round

letters. It has breathings (''

spiritus asper In the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, the rough breathing ( grc, δασὺ πνεῦμα, dasỳ pneûma or ''daseîa''; la, spīritus asper) character is a diacritical mark used to indicate the presence of an sound before a vowel, d ...

'', '' spiritus lenis''), and accents often added wrongly. It is carelessly written by an ignorant scribe. The letter φ is enormously large, the letter α presents the last stage of the uncial script. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given in the margin, and their (''titles'') at the top of the pages. It also contains the tables of (''table of contents'') before each Gospel. There is also another division according to the Ammonian sections, with references to the

Eusebian Canons Eusebian canons, Eusebian sections or Eusebian apparatus, also known as Ammonian sections, are the system of dividing the four Gospels used between late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The divisions into chapters and verses used in modern texts d ...

in the margin. It contains lectionary markings in the margin for liturgical reading. It was badly written by the scribe, who was more probably Egyptian than Greek, with a tendency for writing Coptic rather than Greek. It has two endings to the Gospel of Mark (as in codices Ψ 099 0112 274^mg 579

Lectionary 1602 Lectionary 1602, designated by ℓ ''1602'' in the Biblical manuscript#Gregory-Aland, Gregory-Aland numbering, is a Coptic language, Coptic–Greek language, Greek bilingual manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves, dated Paleography, ...

), and John 7:53-8:11 is omitted.

Text

The Greek text of this

codex The codex (plural codices ) was the historical ancestor of the modern book. Instead of being composed of sheets of paper, it used sheets of vellum, papyrus, or other materials. The term ''codex'' is often used for ancient manuscript books, with ...

is representative of the

Alexandrian text-type In textual criticism of the New Testament, the Alexandrian text-type is one of the main text types. It is the text type favored by the majority of modern textual critics and it is the basis for most modern (after 1900) Bible translations. Over 5,8 ...

in its late stadium. It contains a large number of Byzantine readings in the Gospel of Matthew (1:1–17:26). Aland placed it in Category II, which means it has a number of non-Alexandrian readings. According to Wisse, who examined Luke 1; 10; 20, the text is a "core member" of the Alexandrian text. It was noted in the 19th century that there is strong resemblance to B, to the citations of

Origen Origen of Alexandria, ''Ōrigénēs''; Origen's Greek name ''Ōrigénēs'' () probably means "child of Horus" (from , "Horus", and , "born"). ( 185 – 253), also known as Origen Adamantius, was an Early Christianity, early Christian scholar, ...

, and to the margin of the Harkleian Syriac. ; Omissions :omit - L B 1009 ℓ ''12'' ff¹ k syr^c ^{, s} cop^sa) :incl. - Majority of manuscripts : (''and be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with'') - L B D Z Θ 085 ƒ¹ ƒ¹³ it syr^{s, c} cop^sa (NA26) : (''desert'') ::omit - L B ℓ ''184'' ::incl. - Majority of manuscripts : (''and He said: "You do not know what manner of spirit you are of; for the Son of man came not to destroy men's lives but to save them'') - L B C Θ Ξ 33

700 The denomination 700 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Avar and Slavic tribes conq ...

892 1241 syr, cop^bo : (''but deliver us from evil'') - L B ƒ¹

vg syr^s cop^{sa, bo} arm geo. (UBS3) Other verses omitted are: , , , , , and . Codex Regius (John 12,13-14)

; Additions : - L *^,2 D W Θ ƒ¹ 1010 it vg^cl : - Majority of manuscripts : (''the other took a spear and pierced His side, and immediately came out water and blood'' see ) - L B C Γ 1010 1293 vg^mss) :omit - Majority of manuscripts : - L C* D Ψ 0100 ƒ¹³ it vg^mss syr^{p, h} cop^sa cop^bo : - Majority of manuscripts ; Some other readings : - L W ƒ¹³ Byz : B C : (''teacher'') - L B D ƒ¹ 892^txt 1010 1365 ℓ ''5'' it^{a, d, e, ff1} cop^bo eth geo Origen, Hilary. : (''manifold'') - L B 1010 : (''hundredfold'') - Majority of manuscripts : (''and opened the book'') - L A B W Ξ 33 892 1195 1241 ℓ ''547'' sy^{s, h, pal} sa bo : (''and unrolled the book'') - D^c K Δ Θ Π Ψ ƒ¹ ƒ¹³ 28 565

1009 1010 ByzBruce M. Metzger, ''A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament'' (

Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft The Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft ("German Bible Society") is a religious foundation regulated by public law. It is involved in publishing and in spreading the message of the Bible. The Society publishes the Bible in the original languages and in ...

: Stuttgart 2001), p. 114. : - L K X Π Ψ ƒ¹ ƒ¹³ 33 892 1071 ℓ ''547'' : - Majority of manuscripts : - L D : - Majority of manuscripts It contains (the agony), omitted by other Alexandrian witnesses.

History

The text of the codex was cited by

Robert Estienne The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of '' Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory, honou ...

as η' in his

Editio Regia ''Editio Regia'' (''Royal edition'') is the third and the most important edition of the Greek New Testament of Robert Estienne (1503–1559). It is one of the most important representatives of the ''Textus Receptus'', the first generation of pri ...

. It was loosely collated by

Wettstein Wettstein is a Swiss surname. Bearers of the name include: * Carla Wettstein (born 1946), Swiss and Australian chess master *Fritz von Wettstein (1895–1945), Austrian botanist *Johann Jakob Wettstein (1693–1754), Swiss theologian * Johann Rudol ...

. Griesbach set a very high value on the codex. It was edited in 1846 by

Tischendorf Tischendorf is a German surname Personal names in German-speaking Europe consist of one or several given names (''Vorname'', plural ''Vornamen'') and a surname (''Nachname, Familienname''). The ''Vorname'' is usually gender-specific. A name is usu ...

(''Monumenta sacra inedita''), but with some errors. The codex is now located in the

National Library of France National may refer to: Common uses * Nation or country ** Nationality – a ''national'' is a person who is subject to a nation, regardless of whether the person has full rights as a citizen Places in the United States * National, Maryland, c ...

(Gr. 62), in

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

References

External links

Codex Regius L (019)
at the ''Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism''
Agreement L/019 with B/03, D/05, Θ/038 and majority in the Gospel of Matthew
wordpress.com
Grec 62: Codex Regius online at the Bibliothèque nationale de France
{{DEFAULTSORT:Regius Greek New Testament uncials 8th-century biblical manuscripts Bibliothèque nationale de France collections

Description

Text

History

See also

References

Further reading

External links