Codex Regius designated by
siglum L
e or 019 (in the
Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 56 (
von Soden), is a Greek
uncial manuscript
A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand – or, once practical typewriters became available, typewritten – as opposed to mechanically printed or reproduced i ...
of the
New Testament
The New Testament grc, Ἡ Καινὴ Διαθήκη, transl. ; la, Novum Testamentum. (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Chris ...
, dated
paleographically to the 8th century.
The manuscript is lacunose. It has
marginalia
Marginalia (or apostils) are marks made in the margins of a book or other document. They may be scribbles, comments, glosses (annotations), critiques, doodles, drolleries, or illuminations.
Biblical manuscripts
Biblical manuscripts h ...
.
Description
The codex is made of 257 thick parchment leaves (), containing an almost complete text of the four
Gospel
Gospel originally meant the Christian message (" the gospel"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was set out. In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words a ...
s, with the following
lacunae:
Matt 4:22-5:14, 28:17-20,
Mark
Mark may refer to:
Currency
* Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark, the currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
* East German mark, the currency of the German Democratic Republic
* Estonian mark, the currency of Estonia between 1918 and 1927
* Finn ...
10:16-30, 15:2-20,
John
John is a common English name and surname:
* John (given name)
* John (surname)
John may also refer to:
New Testament
Works
* Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John
* First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John
* Secon ...
21:15-25.
The text is written in two columns per page, 25 lines per page, in large, not round
uncial letters. It has breathings (''
spiritus asper'', ''
spiritus lenis
The smooth breathing ( grc, ψιλὸν πνεῦμα, psilòn pneûma; ell, ψιλή ''psilí''; la, spīritus lēnis) is a diacritical mark used in polytonic orthography. In Ancient Greek, it marks the absence of the voiceless glottal frica ...
''), and accents often added wrongly.
It is carelessly written by an ignorant scribe. The letter
φ is enormously large, the letter
α presents the last stage of the uncial script.
The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given in the margin, and their (''titles'') at the top of the pages. It also contains the tables of (''table of contents'') before each Gospel. There is also another division according to the Ammonian sections, with references to the
Eusebian Canons in the margin. It contains lectionary markings in the margin for liturgical reading.
It was badly written by the scribe, who was more probably Egyptian than Greek, with a tendency for writing Coptic rather than Greek.
It has two
endings to the Gospel of Mark (as in codices
Ψ 099 0112 274mg 579 Lectionary 1602), and
John 7:53-8:11 is omitted.
Text
The Greek text of this
codex
The codex (plural codices ) was the historical ancestor of the modern book. Instead of being composed of sheets of paper, it used sheets of vellum, papyrus, or other materials. The term ''codex'' is often used for ancient manuscript books, with ...
is representative of the
Alexandrian text-type
In textual criticism of the New Testament, the Alexandrian text-type is one of the main text types. It is the text type favored by the majority of modern textual critics and it is the basis for most modern (after 1900) Bible translations.
Over 5 ...
in its late stadium. It contains a large number of
Byzantine readings in the Gospel of Matthew (1:1–17:26).
Aland placed it in
Category II, which means it has a number of non-Alexandrian readings. According to Wisse, who examined Luke 1; 10; 20, the text is a "core member" of the Alexandrian text. It was noted in the 19th century that there is strong resemblance to
B, to the citations of
Origen
Origen of Alexandria, ''Ōrigénēs''; Origen's Greek name ''Ōrigénēs'' () probably means "child of Horus" (from , "Horus", and , "born"). ( 185 – 253), also known as Origen Adamantius, was an early Christian scholar, ascetic, and the ...
, and to the margin of the Harkleian Syriac.
; Omissions
:omit - L
B 1009
ℓ ''12'' ff1 k syrc , s cop
sa)
:incl. - Majority of manuscripts
: (''and be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with'') - L
B D Z Θ 085 ƒ1 ƒ13 it syr
s, c cop
sa[ (NA26)]
: (''desert'')
::omit - L
B ℓ ''184''
::incl. - Majority of manuscripts
: (''and He said: "You do not know what manner of spirit you are of; for the Son of man came not to destroy men's lives but to save them'') - L
B C Θ Ξ 33 700 892
Year 892 ( DCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* Summer – Poppo II, duke of Thuringia (Central Germany), is deposed by King Arnu ...
1241 syr, cop
bo
: (''but deliver us from evil'') - L
B ƒ1 700 vg syr
s cop
sa, bo arm geo.
[ (UBS3)]
Other verses omitted are: , , , , , and .
; Additions
: - L *
,2 D W Θ ƒ1 1010 it vg
cl
: - Majority of manuscripts
: (''the other took a spear and pierced His side, and immediately came out water and blood'' see ) - L
B C Γ 1010 1293 vg
mss)
:omit - Majority of manuscripts
: - L
C*
D Ψ 0100 ƒ13 it vg
mss syr
p, h cop
sa cop
bo
: - Majority of manuscripts
; Some other readings
: - L
W ƒ13 Byz
:
B C
: (''teacher'') - L
B D ƒ1 892txt 1010 1365
ℓ ''5'' it
a, d, e, ff1 cop
bo eth geo Origen, Hilary.
: (''manifold'') - L
B 1010
: (''hundredfold'') - Majority of manuscripts
: (''and opened the book'') - L
A B W Ξ 33 892
Year 892 ( DCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* Summer – Poppo II, duke of Thuringia (Central Germany), is deposed by King Arnu ...
1195 1241 ℓ ''547'' sy
s, h, pal sa bo
: (''and unrolled the book'') -
Dc K Δ Θ Π Ψ ƒ1 ƒ13 28 565 700 1009 1010 Byz
[Bruce M. Metzger, ''A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament'' ( Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft: Stuttgart 2001), p. 114.]
: - L
K X Π Ψ ƒ1 ƒ13 33 892
Year 892 ( DCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* Summer – Poppo II, duke of Thuringia (Central Germany), is deposed by King Arnu ...
1071 ℓ ''547''
: - Majority of manuscripts
: - L
D
: - Majority of manuscripts
It contains (the agony), omitted by other Alexandrian witnesses.
History
The text of the codex was cited by
Robert Estienne as η' in his
Editio Regia
''Editio Regia'' (''Royal edition'') is the third and the most important edition of the Greek New Testament of Robert Estienne (1503–1559). It is one of the most important representatives of the '' Textus Receptus'', the first generation of p ...
. It was loosely collated by
Wettstein Wettstein is a Swiss surname. Bearers of the name include:
* Carla Wettstein (born 1946), Swiss and Australian chess master
*Fritz von Wettstein (1895–1945), Austrian botanist
*Johann Jakob Wettstein (1693–1754), Swiss theologian
* Johann Rudol ...
.
Griesbach set a very high value on the codex. It was edited in 1846 by
Tischendorf (''Monumenta sacra inedita''), but with some errors.
The codex is now located in the
National Library of France (Gr. 62), in
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Si ...
.
See also
*
List of New Testament uncials
A New Testament uncial is a section of the New Testament in Greek or Latin majuscule letters, written on parchment or vellum. This style of writing is called ''Biblical Uncial'' or ''Biblical Majuscule''.
New Testament uncials are distinct f ...
*
Textual criticism
Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification of textual variants, or different versions, of either manuscripts or of printed books. Such texts may range in da ...
References
Further reading
*
Constantin von Tischendorf
Lobegott Friedrich Constantin (von) Tischendorf (18 January 18157 December 1874) was a German biblical scholar. In 1844, he discovered the world's oldest and most complete Bible dated to around the mid-4th century and called Codex Sinaiticus a ...
, ''Monumenta sacra inedita'' (Leipzig 1846), pp. 15–24, 57-399.
*
Henri Omont
Henri Auguste Omont (15 September 1857 – 9 December 1940) was a French librarian, philologist, and historian.
Life
In 1881 he wrote a thesis ''De la ponctuation'' and graduated from the École Nationale des Chartes. As a librarian at the B ...
, ''Fac-similés des plus anciens manuscrits grecs de la Bibliothèque nationale du IVe et XIIIe siecle'' (Paris 1892).
External links
Codex Regius L (019) at the ''Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism''
Agreement L/019 with B/03, D/05, Θ/038 and majority in the Gospel of Matthewwordpress.com
Grec 62: Codex Regius online at the Bibliothèque nationale de France
{{DEFAULTSORT:Regius
Greek New Testament uncials
8th-century biblical manuscripts
Bibliothèque nationale de France collections