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Classification Research Group
The Classification Research Group (CRG) was a significant contributor to classification research and theory in the field of library and information science in the latter half of the 20th century. It was formed in England in 1952 and was active until 1968. Informal meetings continued until 1990. Among its members were Derek Austin, Eric Coates, Jason Farradane, Robert Fairthorne, Douglas Foskett, Barbara Kyle, Derek Langridge, Jack Mills, Pauline Atherton Cochrane, Bernard Palmer, Jack Wells, and Brian Campbell Vickery. The group formed important principles on faceted classification and also worked on the theory of integrative levels. Publications * 1955. The need for a faceted classification as the basis for all methods of information retrieval. ''Library Association Record'', 57(7), 262-268. * 1958. Classification Research Group Bulletin No. 4. ''Journal of Documentation'', 14( 3), 136-143. * 1959. Classification Research Group Bulletin No. 5. ''Journal of Documentation'', 15(1), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Library And Information Science
Library and information science(s) or studies (LIS) is an interdisciplinary field of study that deals generally with organization, access, collection, and protection/regulation of information, whether in physical (e.g. art, legal proceedings, etc.) or digital forms. In spite of various trends to merge the two fields, some consider the two original disciplines, library science and information science, to be separate. However, it is common today to use the terms synonymously or to drop the term "library" and to speak about ''information departments'' or ''I-schools''. There have also been attempts to revive the concept of documentation and to speak of Library, information and documentation studies (or science). History By the late 1960s, mainly due to the meteoric rise of human computing power and the new academic disciplines formed therefrom, academic institutions began to add the term "information science" to their names. The first school to do this was at the University ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Derek Austin
Derek Austin (11 August 1921 – 22 May 2001) was a librarian and author. Career From 1963 to 1967, he was a Subject Editor at the ''British National Bibliography''. He was also a developer of innovative digital cataloguing systems and the creator of the PRECIS indexing language in 1974, which was used worldwide and for the British National Bibliography. "His aim was to create an indexing system that would liberate indexers from the constraints of 'relative significance' (main entries). ...As by-products of his indexing theories he worked out drafts that in the mid-1980s were accepted as British and International Standards for examining documents, and for establishing multilingual and monolingual thesauri". PRECIS was an example of the application of syntactical devices in indexing. It was replaced at the British National Biography by COMPASS in 1996, which was later replaced by Library of Congress Subject Headings. After 1974, Austin was head of the Subject System Office, Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jason Farradane
Jason Farradane, born Jason Lewkowitsch (29 September 1906 – 27 June 1989) was a British librarian of Polish descent. Life The son of the chemical engineer Julius Lewkowitsch, Farradane graduated in chemistry in 1929 at what is now Imperial College London and started work in industry as a chemist and documentalist. After working in research at the Ministry of Supply and the Admiralty during World War II, he first made an impact with a paper on the scientific approach to documentation at a Royal Society Scientific Information Conference in 1948. Farradane is accredited for first use of the term information science, in which he recognized library science and information science as disparate, yet joint areas of study. He was instrumental in establishing the Institute of Information Scientists in 1958 and the first academic courses in information science in 1963, at what eventually became City University, London and where he became Director of the Centre for Information Science in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Douglas Foskett
Douglas John Foskett OBE (27 June 1918 – 7 May 2004) was a British librarian and library and information scientist, and author of several special faceted classification systems. Foskett was born in London on 27 June 1918. He received his BA from Queen Mary College in 1939 and in 1954 his MA at Birkbeck, University of London. He started his career in the late 1930s as a librarian in the Ilford Public Libraries in Essex. During World War II he served in the Royal Army Medical Corps and later in the Intelligence Corps. From 1948 to 1957 he was Head of Information in the Research Division of the Metal Box Company Limited. In 1957 to 1978 he was at the Library of the Institute of Education in London, where he devised and implemented the specialist London Education Classification scheme to organize the library's collections. The last five years before retirement he was Director at the Central Library Services of the University of London.Robert Wedeworth (1993) ''World Encyclopedia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jack Mills (classification Researcher)
Jack Mills (1918 – 9 July 2010) was a British librarian and classification researcher, who worked for more than sixty years in the study, teaching, development and promotion of library classification and information retrieval, principally as a major figure in the British school of facet analysis which builds on the traditions of Henry E. Bliss and S.R. Ranganathan. Professional life * 1947–48 Senior Assistant, Greenwich P. L. * 1949–52 Librarian, City of London College * 1952 British Bliss Classification Association committee member * 1952 Member (later Chair) Classification Research Group * 1952–62 Assistant Lecturer, North Western Polytechnic * 1960 Chair of the Bliss Classification Association Committee * 1963–64 Deputy Director, Aslib-Cranfield Project * 1966–67 Library School, University of Maryland * 1968 Lecturer, North Western Polytechnic * 1973–84 Reader, School of Librarianship, Polytechnic (later University) of North London * 1985 Retired BC2 Fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pauline Atherton Cochrane
Pauline Atherton Cochrane (born 1929) is an American librarian and one of the most highly cited authors in the field of library and information sciences. She is considered a leading researcher in the campaign to redesign catalogues and indexes to provide improved online subject access in library and information services as well as "a leading teacher and theorist in cataloging, indexing, and information access." Education Cochrane has a B.A. in social science in 1951 from Illinois College. Her first professional job was as an indexer at the Corn Products Refining Company. She went on to receive an M.A. in library science from Rosary College (now Dominican University). She worked as a reference librarian at the Chicago Public Library and Chicago Teacher's College before going on to pursue a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago. Focusing on classification research she saw her mission "to make Ranganathan's writings more accessible to North American LIS researchers, educators, and s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brian Campbell Vickery
Brian Campbell Vickery (New South Wales, Australia, 11 September 1918 – 17 October 2009) was a British information scientist and classification researcher, and Professor and director at the School of Library, Archive and Information Studies at University College London from 1973 to 1983. Biography Vickery was born in New South Wales in Australia, where his father Adam McCay was working as journalist, and his uncle James Whiteside McCay was an Australian general and later politician. Vickery went to schools in Australia, Cairo in Egypt, and Canterbury in England. He received his MA in Chemistry from Oxford University in 1941. He started his career as plant chemist in the explosives factory of the Royal Ordnance in Bridgwater, Somerset in 1941. In 1945 he married Manuletta McMenamin. After the war he was assistant editor of the ''Industrial Chemist'' review in London, England, for one year. In 1946 he started his career as librarian at the Akers Research Laboratories of the Im ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faceted Classification
A faceted classification is a classification scheme used in organizing knowledge into a systematic order. A faceted classification uses semantic categories, either general or subject-specific, that are combined to create the full classification entry. Many library classification systems use a combination of a fixed, enumerative taxonomy of concepts with subordinate facets that further refine the topic. Definition There are two primary types of classification used for information organization: enumerative and faceted. An enumerative classification contains a full set of entries for all concepts. A faceted classification system uses a set of semantically cohesive categories that are combined as needed to create an expression of a concept. In this way, the faceted classification is not limited to already defined concepts. While this makes the classification quite flexible, it also makes the resulting expression of topics complex. To the extent possible, facets represent "clearly defi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Integrative Level
An integrative level, or level of organization, is a set of phenomena emerging from pre-existing phenomena of a lower level. The levels concept is an intellectual framework for structuring reality. It arranges all entities, structures, and processes in the universe, or in a certain field of study, into a hierarchy, typically based on how complex their organization is. When arranged this way, each entity is three things at the same time: It is made up of parts from the previous level below. It is a whole in its own right. And it is a part of the whole that is on the next level above. Typical examples include life emerging from non-living substances, and consciousness emerging from nervous systems. Levels The main levels usually acknowledged are those of matter, life, mind, and society. These are called ''strata'' in philosopher Nicolai Hartmann's ontology. They can be further analyzed into more specific ''layers'', such as those of particles, atoms, molecules, and rocks forming the ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Document Classification
Document classification or document categorization is a problem in library science, information science and computer science. The task is to assign a document to one or more classes or categories. This may be done "manually" (or "intellectually") or algorithmically. The intellectual classification of documents has mostly been the province of library science, while the algorithmic classification of documents is mainly in information science and computer science. The problems are overlapping, however, and there is therefore interdisciplinary research on document classification. The documents to be classified may be texts, images, music, etc. Each kind of document possesses its special classification problems. When not otherwise specified, text classification is implied. Documents may be classified according to their subjects or according to other attributes (such as document type, author, printing year etc.). In the rest of this article only subject classification is considered. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Knowledge Organization
Knowledge organization (KO), organization of knowledge, organization of information, or information organization is an intellectual discipline concerned with activities such as document description, indexing, and classification that serve to provide systems of representation and order for knowledge and information objects. According to ''The Organization of Information'' by Joudrey and Taylor, information organization: Issues related to knowledge sharing can be said to have been an important part of knowledge management for a long time. Knowledge sharing has received a lot of attention in research and business practice both within and outside organizations and its different levels. Sharing knowledge is not only about giving it to others, but it also includes searching, locating, and absorbing knowledge. Unawareness of the employees’ works and duties tend to provoke the repetition of mistakes, the waste of resources, and duplicating the same projects. It is important to mot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subject (documents)
In library and information science documents (such as books, articles and pictures) are classified and searched by subject – as well as by other attributes such as author, genre and document type. This makes "subject" a fundamental term in this field. Library and information specialists assign subject labels to documents to make them findable. There are many ways to do this and in general there is not always consensus about which subject should be assigned to a given document. To optimize subject indexing and searching, we need to have a deeper understanding of what a subject is. The question: "what is to be understood by the statement 'document A belongs to subject category X'?" has been debated in the field for more than 100 years (see below) Theoretical view Charles Ammi Cutter (1837–1903) For Cutter the stability of subjects depends on a social process in which their meaning is stabilized in a name or a designation. A subject "referred ..to those intellections ..that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |