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Chullo
Chullo (, from qu, ch'ullu) is an Andean style of hat with earflaps, made from vicuña, alpaca, llama or sheep's wool. Alpaca has wool-like qualities that help to insulate its wearer from the harsh elements in the Andean Mountain region. Chullos often have ear-flaps that can be tied under the chin, to further warm the wearer's head. Hats have been used in the Andean Mountain region by indigenous peoples for thousands of years. Wearing different types and colors has a significance among certain Andean natives. According to Peruvian historian Arturo Jiménez Borja, the Chullo has its origins in the cultural exchange between Spaniards, who incorporated elements of their birretes and the original hat of the Andeans. See also * Andean culture * Andean textiles * Aguayo * Chuspas * Lliklla A ''lliklla'' (Quechua, hispanicized spellings ''liclla, llicla, lliclla'') is a rectangular, handwoven shoulder cloth. It is worn by Quechua women of the Andes region in Bolivia and Peru. Tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hats
A hat is a head covering which is worn for various reasons, including protection against weather conditions, ceremonial reasons such as university graduation, religious reasons, safety, or as a fashion accessory. Hats which incorporate mechanical features, such as visors, spikes, flaps, orthodontic headgear, braces or party hat, beer holders shade into the broader category of headgear. In the past, hats were an indicator of social status. In the military, hats may denote nationality, branch of service, rank or regiment. Police typically wear distinctive hats such as peaked caps or brimmed hats, such as those worn by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Some hats have a protective function. As examples, the hard hat protects construction workers' heads from injury by falling objects, a British police Custodian helmet protects the officer's head, a sun hat shades the face and shoulders from the sun, a cowboy hat protects against sun and rain and an ushanka fur hat with fold-down ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andean Textiles
The Andean textile tradition once spanned from the Pre-Columbian to the Colonial era throughout the western coast of South America, but was mainly concentrated in Peru. The arid desert conditions along the coast of Peru have allowed for the preservation of these dyed textiles, which can date to 6000 years old. Many of the surviving textile samples were from funerary bundles, however, these textiles also encompassed a variety of functions. These functions included the use of woven textiles for ceremonial clothing or cloth armorLechtman, Heather. "Technologies of Power: The Andean Case." In ''Configurations of Power: Holistic Anthropology in Theory and Practice'', ed. John S. Henderson and Patricia J. Netherly, 254. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1993. as well as knotted fibers for record-keeping. The textile arts were instrumental in political negotiations, and were used as diplomatic tools that were exchanged between groups. Textiles were also used to communicate wealth, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolivian Clothing
Bolivia is a country in South America, bordered by Brazil to the north and east, Paraguay and Argentina to the south, Chile to the west, and Peru to the west. The cultural development of what is now Bolivia is divided into three distinct periods: pre-Columbian, colonial, and republican. Important archaeological ruins, gold and silver ornaments, stone monuments, ceramics, and weavings remain from several important pre-Columbian cultures. Major ruins include Tiwanaku, Samaipata, Inkallaqta and Iskanwaya. The country abounds in other sites that are difficult to reach and hardly explored by archaeologists. The Spanish brought their own tradition of religious art which, in the hands of local indigenous and ''mestizo'' builders and artisans, developed into a rich and distinctive style of architecture, literature, and sculpture known as "Mestizo Baroque." The colonial period produced not only the paintings of Perez de Holguin, Flores, Bitti, and others, but also the works of skilled bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latin American Clothing
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the Roman Republic it became the dominant language in the Italian region and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire. Even after the fall of Western Rome, Latin remained the common language of international communication, science, scholarship and academia in Europe until well into the 18th century, when other regional vernaculars (including its own descendants, the Romance languages) supplanted it in common academic and political usage, and it eventually became a dead language in the modern linguistic definition. Latin is a highly inflected language, with three distinct genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter), six or seven noun cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative, and vocative), five declensions, four verb conjuga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lliklla
A ''lliklla'' (Quechua, hispanicized spellings ''liclla, llicla, lliclla'') is a rectangular, handwoven shoulder cloth. It is worn by Quechua women of the Andes region in Bolivia and Peru. Traditionally it is fastened at the front using a decorated pin called ''tupu''. In the Quechua-speaking community of Chinchero, men and women wear distinctive garments that identify them by gender and their community. These garments are woven in two parts—symmetrical opposites that are sewn together. Wide blue bands called ''pampakuna'', or fields, are set apart by multi-striped panels filled with colorful geometric designs. Typically, indigo-blue fields are characteristic of Chinchero women's garments. A ''q'ipirina'' is similar to a ''lliklla'' but larger, worn over the back to carry small children or all sorts of products, and knotted at the front. Gallery File:Woman's Shawl (Lliqlla), 2002.62.9.jpg, Woman's Shawl (''Lliqlla''), Brooklyn Museum File:Pongo 0436b.jpg, Quechua woman near ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chuspas
A ''chuspas'' (which is Quechua for bag) is a pouch that is used to carry coca and cocoa leaves, used primarily in the Andean region of South America. Both textiles and coca are very important to the people in Andean South America. These ''chuspas'' are a vital piece of culture and are especially important to combat the bitter cold in the mountainous zones of the Andes. These bags are also a way to showcase the cloth which in itself is a primary artistic medium. Highland textiles are traditionally woven from the hair of native camelids, usually the domesticated alpacas and llamas, and more rarely, wild vicuña and guanaco. These pouches are important symbols of social identity. As part of this tradition, ''chuspas'' show to the rest of their people how skilled they are in weaving. They can express their artistic skills and display their cultural affiliation by creating these ''chuspas''. History Since the beginning of the first millennium AD, ''chuspas'' have been a constant prese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aguayo (cloth)
The ''aguayo'' (possibly from ''awayu'', Aymara for diaper and for a woven blanket to carry things on the back or to cover the back), or also ''quepina'' (possibly from Quechua ''q'ipi'' bundle)''Diccionario Quechua - Español - Quechua, Academía Mayor de la Lengua Quechua, Gobierno Regional Cusco'', Cusco 2005 (5-vowel-system): ''Q'epirina ... . Sinón: q'eperina, q'epina.''Teofilo Laime Ajacopa, ''Diccionario Bilingüe Iskay simipi yuyayk'anch''a, La Paz, 2007 (Quechua-Spanish dictionary) is a rectangular crrying cloth used in traditional communities in the Andes region of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.'''' Aymara and Quechua people use it to carry small children or various other items in it on their backs.'''' It is similar to a ''lliklla'' and sometimes regarded as a synonym. Gallery File:Quechua Woman in Peru.JPG, Quechua woman in Peru wearing a loaded ''aguayo'' File:Pisac 9917a.jpg, Quechua woman in Pisac, Peru, carrying a child in an ''agu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andean Culture (other)
Andean culture is a collective term used to refer to the indigenous peoples of the Andes mountains especially those that came under the influence of the Inca Empire. Cultures considered Andean include: * Atacama people * Aymara people * Muisca people or Chibcha * Andean civilizations * Quechua people * Uru people * Diaguita people This term is also used to describe the Hispanic based cultures of the Andes, which through the interaction of the Spaniards with the Andean Natives formed into a distinct group of cultures incorporating both Hispanic and Indigenous cultural traits, although such a definition excludes the contribution of other human groups and ethnicities inhabiting in the Andean mountains, such as non Andean indigenous groups, African diaspora in the Americas or Asian immigrants. These cultures include: * Culture of Bolivia * Culture of Chile * Colombian culture * Culture of Ecuador * Argentine Northwest * Culture of Peru Peruvian culture is the gradual blending of Amerin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diccionario De La Lengua Española
The ''Diccionario de la lengua española'' (DLE; ; en, Dictionary of the Spanish language), previously known as ''Diccionario de la Real Academia Española'' (DRAE; en, Dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy), is produced, edited, and published by the Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) with participation of the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language. It was first published in 1780, and subsequent editions have been published about once a decade. The twenty-third edition was published in 2014; it is available online, incorporating modifications to be included in the twenty-fourth print edition. The Dictionary was created to maintain the linguistic purity of the Spanish language; unlike many English-language dictionaries, the DLE is intended to be authoritative and prescriptive, rather than descriptive. Origin and development Purpose When the RAE was founded in 1713, one of its primary objectives was to compile an authoritative Castilian Spanish dictionary. Its first statu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biretta
The biretta ( la, biretum, birretum) is a square cap with three or four peaks or horns, sometimes surmounted by a tuft. Traditionally the three-peaked biretta is worn by Catholic clergy and some Anglican and Lutheran clergy. A four-peaked biretta is worn as academic dress (but not liturgically) by those holding a doctoral degree from a pontifical faculty or pontifical university or faculty. Occasionally the biretta is worn by advocates in law courts, for instance the advocates in the Channel Islands. Origins The origins of the biretta are uncertain. It is mentioned as early as the tenth century. One possible origin is the academic cap of the high Middle Ages, which was soft and square. This is also the ancestor of the modern mortarboard used today in secular universities. The biretta seems to have become a more widely used as an ecclesiastical vestment after the synod of Bergamo, 1311, ordered the clergy to wear the "bireta on their heads after the manner of laymen." The tuft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wool
Wool is the textile fibre obtained from sheep and other mammals, especially goats, rabbits, and camelids. The term may also refer to inorganic materials, such as mineral wool and glass wool, that have properties similar to animal wool. As an animal fibre, wool consists of protein together with a small percentage of lipids. This makes it chemically quite distinct from cotton and other plant fibres, which are mainly cellulose. Characteristics Wool is produced by follicles which are small cells located in the skin. These follicles are located in the upper layer of the skin called the epidermis and push down into the second skin layer called the dermis as the wool fibers grow. Follicles can be classed as either primary or secondary follicles. Primary follicles produce three types of fiber: kemp, medullated fibers, and true wool fibers. Secondary follicles only produce true wool fibers. Medullated fibers share nearly identical characteristics to hair and are long but lack c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
