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Cantref Arfon
The mediaeval Welsh cantref of Arfon in north-west Wales was the core of the Kingdom of Gwynedd. Later it was included in the new county of Caernarfonshire, together with Llŷn and Arllechwedd under the terms of the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284. The island of Anglesey faced it across the Menai Strait; to the east was the cantref of Arllechwedd, to the south the cantref of Eifionydd (which, together with Ardudwy, was part of the earlier kingdom of Dunoding), and to the west was the cantref of Llŷn. As the name suggests, Arfon faces Anglesey (''Môn'') (see soft mutation) across the Menai, and controls access to that strategic strait which has played an important part in Welsh history. Broadly speaking, it stretched from the peaks of Yr Eifl in the west to Afon Cegin, a stream just east of Bangor, and inland from the shores of the Menai southwards into the heart of Snowdonia (''Eryri''), including Dyffryn Nantlle and the strategic Llanberis Pass. In geographical terms, the can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cantrefi
A cantref ( ; ; plural cantrefi or cantrefs; also rendered as ''cantred'') was a medieval Welsh land division, particularly important in the administration of Welsh law. Description Land in medieval Wales was divided into ''cantrefi'', which were themselves divided into smaller ''cymydau'' (commotes). The word ''cantref'' is derived from ''cant'' ("a hundred") and ''tref'' ("town" in modern Welsh, but formerly used for much smaller settlements). The ''cantref'' is thought to be the original unit, with the commotes being a later division. ''Cantrefi'' could vary considerably in size: most were divided into two or three commotes, but the largest, the ''Cantref Mawr'' (or "Great Cantref") in Ystrad Tywi (now in Carmarthenshire) was divided into seven commotes. History The antiquity of the ''cantrefi'' is demonstrated by the fact that they often mark the boundary between dialects. Some were originally kingdoms in their own right; others may have been artificial units created later. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bangor, Gwynedd
Bangor (; ) is a cathedral city and community in Gwynedd, North Wales. It is the oldest city in Wales. Historically part of Caernarfonshire, it had a population of 18,322 in 2019, according to the Office for National Statistics. Landmarks include Bangor Cathedral, Bangor University, Garth Pier, and the Menai Suspension Bridge and Britannia Bridge which connect the city to the Isle of Anglesey. History The origins of the city date back to the founding of a monastic establishment on the site of Bangor Cathedral by the Celtic saint Deiniol in the early 6th century AD. itself is an old Welsh word for a wattled enclosure, such as the one that originally surrounded the cathedral site. The present cathedral is a somewhat more recent building and has been extensively modified throughout the centuries. While the building itself is not the oldest, and certainly not the biggest, the bishopric of Bangor is one of the oldest in the UK. In 973, Iago, ruler of the Kingdom o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clynnog Fawr
Clynnog Fawr, often simply called "Clynnog", is a village and community on the north coast of Llŷn Peninsula in Gwynedd, north-west Wales. It is in the historic county of Caernarfonshire. The community includes Pant Glas. Clynnog Fawr lies on the A499 road between Caernarfon and Pwllheli, at , between the coast and a mountainous area including Bwlch Mawr. It had a population of 130 in 1991, which had increased to 997 at the 2011 Census. The community covers an area of . The main feature of the village is the parish church, dedicated to Saint Beuno, which is much larger than would be expected in a village of Clynnog's size. The site is said to be that of a Celtic monastery founded by Beuno in the early 7th century. Clynnog means 'the place of the holly-trees': compare Breton ''Quelneuc'' (''Kelenneg''), Gaelic ''Cuilneach''. In Middle Welsh, its name was ''Celynnog''. It developed into an important foundation and some Welsh law manuscripts specify that the Abbot of Clynnog wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dolbadarn Castle
Dolbadarn Castle ( ; cy, Castell Dolbadarn ) is a fortification built by the Welsh prince Llywelyn the Great during the early 13th century, at the base of the Llanberis Pass, in northern Wales. The castle was important both militarily and as a symbol of Llywelyn's power and authority. The castle features a large stone keep, which historian Richard Avent considers "the finest surviving example of a Welsh round tower". In 1284 Dolbadarn was taken by Edward I, who removed some of its timbers to build his new castle at Caernarfon. The castle was used as a manor house for some years, before falling into ruin. In the 18th and 19th century it was a popular destination for painters interested in Sublime and Picturesque landscapes. It is now owned by Cadw and managed as a tourist attraction, and is protected as a grade I listed building. History 1220–40 Dolbadarn Castle was built in either the 1220s or the 1230s by Llywelyn the Great, at the base of the Llanberis Pass, overlo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dinorwig
Dinorwig sometimes spelled Dinorwic ( ; ; ), is a village located high above Llyn Padarn, near Llanberis, in Wales. The name is shared with the fort of Dinas Dinorwig, also within the community of Llanddeiniolen, on a foothill from Dinorwig village and from the Menai Strait and also with Port Dinorwic, the anglicised name of Y Felinheli. Etymology It is thought that the village was part of the territory of the pre-Roman Ordovices tribe. From mediaeval times it has been part of the township, now the community, of Llanddeiniolen. The element ''-orwig'', ''-orweg'' has been thought to derive from the tribal name ''Ordovices''; this idea was rejected by linguist Melville Richards for lack of a sufficiently early record of a form ''*Orddwig.''.Some Welsh place-names containing elements which are found in Continental Celtic. In Études celtiques Année 1972 13-1 pp. 364–410 p. 377 Actes du quatrième congrès international d'études celtiques (Rennes 18-25 juillet 1971) Volume ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Segontium
Segontium ( owl, Cair Segeint) is a Roman fort on the outskirts of Caernarfon in Gwynedd, North Wales. The fort, which survived until the end of the Roman occupation of Britain, was garrisoned by Roman auxiliaries from present-day Belgium and Germany. It was the most important military base and administrative centre in this part of Britain. Etymology The fort probably takes its name either directly from the Afon Seiont or from a pre-existing British settlement itself named for the river. The name is a Latinised form of the Brythonic language *seg-ontio, which may be translated as "strong place". There is no evidence that the fort is connected to the Segontiaci, a British tribe noted by Julius Caesar. History Roman Segontium was founded by Agricola in AD 77 or 78 after he had conquered the Ordovices in North Wales. It was the main Roman fort in the north of Roman Wales and was designed to hold about a thousand auxiliary infantry. It was connected by a Roman road to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ordovices
The Ordovīcēs (Common Brittonic: *''Ordowīcī'') were one of the Celtic tribes living in Great Britain before the Roman invasion. Their tribal lands were located in present-day North Wales and England, between the Silures to the south and the Deceangli to the north-east. Unlike the latter tribes that appear to have acquiesced to Roman rule with little resistance, the Ordovices fiercely resisted the Romans. They were eventually subjugated by the Roman governor Gnaeus Julius Agricola in the campaign of 77–78CE when the Romans overran their final strongholds on Anglesey. Etymology The Celtic name could be cognate with the words for 'hammer': ga, ord, cy, gordd (with a prothetic ''g-'') and br, horzh (with a prothetic ''h-''). John Edward Lloyd suggested that the name of this tribe is preserved as the element ''-orwig'', ''-orweg'' in the place nameDinas Dinorwig("Fort of the Ordovices") in North Wales, though Melville Richards rejected the idea. Geology In 1879 the pi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Afon Gwyrfai
The Afon Gwyrfai is a short river in Gwynedd, Wales. For half of its length it flows through Snowdonia National Park. Exiting Llyn y Gader it flows north through the small village of Rhyd-ddu to enter the southeastern end of Llyn Cwellyn. Downstream of the lake it flows northwest past Betws Garmon, leaving the national park and continues to the southern edge of Waunfawr. It then turns slightly west to flow on to Bontnewydd beyond which it turns slightly south to enter Foryd Bay (Y Foryd). The tidal channel within the bay flows north into the western end of the Menai Strait. Principal tributary streams include the Afon Treweunydd which contributes water from the reservoir of Llyn Ffynnon-y-gwas and from the lakes of Llyn Glas, Llyn Coch and Llyn Nadroedd in Cwm Clogwyn immediately west of the summit of Snowdon. The tidal channel of the Gwyrfai within Foryd Bay also accepts the flow of the left bank tributaries, the Afon Foryd, Afon Rhyd and Afon Carrog. The river is shadowed by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arfon Uwch Gwyrfai
Arfon, from the Welsh for ''Facing Anglesey'', refers to the southern shore of the Menai Strait, the part of mainland Wales closest to the island of Anglesey. It may refer to: Places * District of Arfon, an administrative subdivision of Gwynedd county (1974–1996) * Arfon (Senedd constituency) (2007–present) * Arfon (UK Parliament constituency) (2010–present) * Arfon transmitting station, a radio and television mast near Caernarfon * Cantref Arfon, an administrative division of the Kingdom of Gwynedd (until 1284) People * Arfon Griffiths Arfon Trevor Griffiths MBE (born 23 August 1941) is a Welsh former football player and manager. During his playing career which lasted from 1959 to 1979, Griffiths played at both professional and international levels, before becoming a football ... (born 1941), Welsh footballer * Arfon Haines Davies (born 1948), Welsh television presenter * Arfon Jones, Welsh Police and Crime Commissioner for North Wales Police * Arfon Will ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arfon Is Gwyrfai
Arfon, from the Welsh for ''Facing Anglesey'', refers to the southern shore of the Menai Strait, the part of mainland Wales closest to the island of Anglesey. It may refer to: Places * District of Arfon, an administrative subdivision of Gwynedd county (1974–1996) * Arfon (Senedd constituency) (2007–present) * Arfon (UK Parliament constituency) (2010–present) * Arfon transmitting station, a radio and television mast near Caernarfon * Cantref Arfon, an administrative division of the Kingdom of Gwynedd (until 1284) People * Arfon Griffiths Arfon Trevor Griffiths MBE (born 23 August 1941) is a Welsh former football player and manager. During his playing career which lasted from 1959 to 1979, Griffiths played at both professional and international levels, before becoming a football ... (born 1941), Welsh footballer * Arfon Haines Davies (born 1948), Welsh television presenter * Arfon Jones, Welsh Police and Crime Commissioner for North Wales Police * Arfon Will ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commote
A commote (Welsh ''cwmwd'', sometimes spelt in older documents as ''cymwd'', plural ''cymydau'', less frequently ''cymydoedd'')''Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru'' (University of Wales Dictionary), p. 643 was a secular division of land in Medieval Wales. The word derives from the prefix ''cym-'' ("together", "with") and the noun ''bod'' ("home, abode"). The English word "commote" is derived from the Middle Welsh ''cymwt''. Medieval Welsh land organisation The basic unit of land was the ''tref'', a small village or settlement. In theory, 100 ''trefi'' made up a ''cantref'' (literally, "one hundred settlements"; plural: ''cantrefi''), and half or a third of a ''cantref'' was a ''cymwd'', although in practice the actual numbers varied greatly. Together with the ''cantrefi'', commotes were the geographical divisions through which defence and justice were organised. In charge of a commote would be a chieftain probably related to the ruling Prince of the Kingdom. His court would have been s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tryfan
Tryfan ) is a mountain in the Ogwen Valley, Snowdonia, Wales. It forms part of the Glyderau group, and is one of the most recognisable peaks in Britain, having a classic pointed shape with rugged crags. At above sea level, it is the fifteenth-highest mountain in Wales. Tryfan was voted Britain's favourite mountain by ''Trail'' magazine. Between the mid-1980s and June 2010, its accepted height was . However, it was resurveyed using accurate GPS measurements and found to be 2.4 metres (eight feet) higher (which the pre-1980s surveys also recorded). Tryfan is said to be the final resting-place of Sir Bedivere (Bedwyr) of Arthurian legend. Naming The name "Tryfan" is thought to derive from the intensifying particle ''try–'' and the noun ''ban'' (‘top, peak’), giving the meaning ‘very high peak’. Routes of ascent There are many routes of ascent, ranging from easy ridge scrambling, to multi-pitch mountaineering rock climbs on the east face. A popular ascent route is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
