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Calenberg Castle
Calenberg Castle (german: Burg Calenberg, later called ''Schloss Calenberg'' and ''Feste Calenberg''; ruins known as ''Alt Calenberg'') was a medieval lowland castle in central Germany, near Schulenburg in the borough of Pattensen, 13 km west of the city of Hildesheim. It was built as a water castle in 1292 by the Welf duke, Otto the Strict, in der Leine river meadows between 2 branches of the Leine river on the southern part of the chalk marl hill of the Calenberg. At the start of the 16th century it was converted into a fort (''Feste''). In the 15th century, ''Fort Calenberg'' gave its name to the Welf Principality of Calenberg. Following the Thirty Years' War it lost its military importance and was slighted. Today it is a ruin with underground vaults that are surrounded by high ramparts. Etymology The word ''Feste'' or ''Veste'' ("fort") stems, like the words ''Festung'' ("fortress") and ''Befestigung'' ("fortification") from the adjective ''fest'' ("strong", "firm" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battery Tower
A battery tower was a defensive tower built into the outermost defences of many castles, usually in the 16th century or later, after the advent of firearms. Its name is derived from the word battery, a group of several cannon. These, usually round, towers could house numerous cannon oriented in various directions and on several levels and their firepower was therefore clearly superior to that of any attackers who, at best, could only bring their cannon to bear on the main line of assault. The individual levels of battery towers are often connected by ramps so that the cannon could be arranged in various ways at the many embrasures. Where artillery towers were level with their adjacent walls they were called roundels. There are battery towers at: * Bentheim Castle * Nanstein Castle * Neudahn Castle * Burg Castle * Calenberg Castle * Zwinger See also *Bastion *Roundel A roundel is a circular disc used as a symbol. The term is used in heraldry, but also commo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cenomanian
The Cenomanian is, in the ICS' geological timescale, the oldest or earliest age of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or the lowest stage of the Upper Cretaceous Series. An age is a unit of geochronology; it is a unit of time; the stage is a unit in the stratigraphic column deposited during the corresponding age. Both age and stage bear the same name. As a unit of geologic time measure, the Cenomanian Age spans the time between 100.5 and 93.9 million years ago (Mya). In the geologic timescale, it is preceded by the Albian and is followed by the Turonian. The Upper Cenomanian starts around at 95 Mya. The Cenomanian is coeval with the Woodbinian of the regional timescale of the Gulf of Mexico and the early part of the Eaglefordian of the regional timescale of the East Coast of the United States. At the end of the Cenomanian, an anoxic event took place, called the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event or the "Bonarelli event", that is associated with a minor extinction event for m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Residenz
Residenz () is a German word for "place of living", now obsolete except in the formal sense of an official residence. A related term, Residenzstadt, denotes a city where a sovereign ruler resided, therefore carrying a similar meaning as the modern expressions ''seat of government'' or ''capital''. As there were many sovereign ( imperially immediate) rulers in the Holy Roman Empire, ranking from Lord (''Herr'') to prince elector and king, there are many cities, palaces, and castles in this territory which used to be a residenz and are partially still so referred to today. The former residenz status of a city is frequently reflected by the architecture of its center. During the baroque period especially, many prestigious buildings were erected, sometimes even new towns were founded. Today, former ''Residenzstädte'' mostly still serve as cultural and administrative centers. Examples of buildings or cities: * Munich Residenz, the former residence of the monarchs of Bavaria. Munic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bishop Of Hildesheim
This list records the incumbents of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Hildesheim (german: link=no, Bistum Hildesheim). Between 1235 and 1803 the bishops simultaneously officiating as rulers of princely rank (prince-bishop) in the Prince-Bishopric of Hildesheim (german: link=no, Hochstift Hildesheim), a state of imperial immediacy within the Holy Roman Empire. Hildesheim is the seat of the bishops and the cathedral chapter. Titles of the incumbents of the Hildesheim See Between 1235 and 1803 the elected and papally confirmed bishops of the Hildesheim See were additionally imperially invested princely power as prince-bishops. In 1235 part of the Hildesheim diocesan territory, the episcopal and capitular temporalities (Stift) were disentangled from the Duchy of Brunswick and Lunenburg and became an own territory of imperial immediacy called Prince-Bishopric of Brunswick and Lunenburg (german: link=no, Hochstift Hildesheim), a vassal of the Holy Roman Empire. The prince-bishopric w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William II, Duke Of Brunswick-Lüneburg
William II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (about 1300 – 1369) was the Prince of Lüneburg from 1330 to 1369. Life Joint rule with Otto III William was born around the year 1300 as the fourth child of Otto the Strict and his wife, Matilda of Bavaria. On his father's death, William took over the reins of state jointly with his brother Otto III. This was against his father's will because Otto II had wanted the state to be divided after his death. The focus of the brothers' reign in the early years was the territorial consolidation of the principality. For example, they succeeded in expanding their estate in the area of Gifhorn considerably through the acquisition of the village of Fallersleben and the counties of Papenheim and Wettmarshagen. Another focus of attention was their political support of economically growing towns. For example, Lüneburg trade flourished as a result of work to make the Ilmenau navigable between Lüneburg and Uelzen as well as trade agreements between the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Curtain Wall (fortification)
A curtain wall is a defensive wall between two fortified towers or bastions of a castle, fortress, or town. Ancient fortifications Evidence for curtain walls or a series of walls surrounding a town or fortress can be found in the historical sources from Assyria and Egypt. Some notable examples are ancient Tel Lachish in Israel and Buhen in Egypt. Curtain walls were built across Europe during the Roman Empire; the early 5th century Theodosian Walls of Constantinople influenced the builders of medieval castles many centuries later. Curtain wall castles In medieval castles, the area surrounded by a curtain wall, with or without towers, is known as the bailey. The outermost walls with their integrated bastions and wall towers together make up the enceinte or main defensive line enclosing the site. In medieval designs of castle and town, the curtain walls were often built to a considerable height and were fronted by a ditch or moat to make assault difficult. Walls were t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saldern
Saldern (up to the 17th century, Salder) or von Saldern, is the name of an old German aristocratic family from the areas of Hildesheim and Brunswick Land. The family seat of the same name is an Salder Castle, eponymous castle on the River Fuhse in Salzgitter-Salder. Originally the family, whose branches are still alive today, only owned estates in the Lower Saxony area, but from the middle of the 16th century they also owned extensive property in the March of Brandenburg. Family history According to legend the founder of the line (), Sieghard de Rosis, came to Germany from Rome in 718 with St. Boniface. In 1102, the family is mentioned for the first time in the chronicle , in Hildesheim. According to this document, the knightly family of von Saldern was enfeoffed that year with tithe rights () by St. Michael's Abbey near Nettlingen (Söhlde). According to historical records the first member of the family to be classed amongst the ('lay nobility') was ''Thidericius de Saldere'' i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enfeoffed
In the Middle Ages, especially under the European feudal system, feoffment or enfeoffment was the deed by which a person was given land in exchange for a pledge of service. This mechanism was later used to avoid restrictions on the passage of title in land by a system in which a landowner would give land to one person for the use of another. The common law of estates in land grew from this concept. Etymology The word ''feoffment'' derives from the Old French or ; compare with the Late Latin . England In English law, feoffment was a transfer of land or property that gave the new holder the right to sell it as well as the right to pass it on to his heirs as an inheritance. It was total relinquishment and transfer of all rights of ownership of an estate in land from one individual to another. In feudal England a feoffment could only be made of a fee (or "fief"), which is an estate in land, that is to say an ownership of rights over land, rather than ownership of the land itself, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leine Valley
The Leine (; Old Saxon ''Lagina'') is a river in Thuringia and Lower Saxony, Germany. It is a left tributary of the Aller and the Weser and is long. The river's source is located close to the town of Leinefelde in Thuringia. About downriver, the river enters Lower Saxony and runs northwards. Important towns along its course, from upstream to downstream, are Göttingen, Einbeck, Freden, Alfeld, and Gronau, before the river enters Hanover, the largest city on its banks. Downstream some north of Hanover, near Schwarmstedt, the river joins the Aller and reaches the North Sea via the Weser. Its northern (lower) reaches are only navigable today by the smallest commercial carriers, though in the past, it served as an important pre-railway barge transport artery as far upriver as Göttingen. The river is somewhat polluted by industry, so the water is not used for drinking, but the pollution has never been severe enough to prevent fish from living in it. Like many western rivers s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heerstraße
''Heerstraße'' is the German word for military road, a type or road that was built to enable the rapid movement of armies. Specific roads built for this purpose include the: * Aachen-Frankfurter Heerstraße * Bernauer Heerstraße * Lüneburger Heerstraße * Heerstraße (Berlin) ''Heerstraße'' is also used in: * Berlin Heerstraße station, a railway station in Berlin * Heerstraße (Frankfurt U-Bahn), a metro station on the Frankfurt U-Bahn * British War Cemetery, Heerstraße, on the list of cemeteries in Berlin * in Bremen since 1914 the name of former chaussees (for example, the Schwachhauser Heerstraße) * a road in Frankfurt am Main, once part of the historic '' Elisabethenstraße'' See also * Roman road * Military road {{Use dmy dates, date=November 2019 The following is a list of military roads worldwide. Australia * Part of the A8 (Sydney) between Neutral Bay and Mosman * Military Road, part of Route 39, Melbourne * Military Road, off Wanneroo Road just nort ... ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Motte And Bailey
A motte-and-bailey castle is a European fortification with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised area of ground called a motte, accompanied by a walled courtyard, or bailey, surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade. Relatively easy to build with unskilled labour, but still militarily formidable, these castles were built across northern Europe from the 10th century onwards, spreading from Normandy and Anjou in France, into the Holy Roman Empire in the 11th century. The Normans introduced the design into England and Wales. Motte-and-bailey castles were adopted in Scotland, Ireland, the Low Countries and Denmark in the 12th and 13th centuries. Windsor Castle, in England, is an example of a motte-and-bailey castle. By the end of the 13th century, the design was largely superseded by alternative forms of fortification, but the earthworks remain a prominent feature in many countries. Architecture Structures A motte-and-bailey castle was made up of two structures: a mott ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burg Calenberg Brücke
The German word Burg means castle. Burg or Bürg may refer to: Places Placename element * ''-burg'', a combining form in Dutch, German and English placenames * Burg, a variant of burh, the fortified towns of Saxon England Settlements * Burg, Aargau, Switzerland * Burg, Bernkastel-Wittlich, Germany * Burg, Bitburg-Prüm, Germany * Burg, Brandenburg, Germany * Burg, Dithmarschen, Germany * Burg auf Fehmarn, Germany * Burg bei Magdeburg, Germany * Burg im Leimental, Switzerland * Den Burg, Netherlands * The Burg, Illinois, United States * Burg, Hautes-Pyrénées, France * Burg, Kilninian and Kilmore, a place on the Isle of Mull, Argyll and Bute, Scotland * Melber, Kentucky, United States, also known as Burg Other uses * Burg (surname) or Bürg * Bürg (crater) * Burg (ship, 2003), a car ferry operating on Switzerland's Lake Zurich *Burgs (fast-food chain) See also * * Burgh (other) * Borg (other) * Bourg (other) * Borough and -bury, common Englis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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